Geometry.Net - Basic_A: Afghanistan History

Notes From The Road - Afghanistan - Buddhist Statues Of Bamyan - Archeology - Ah
A history of the building and destruction of afghanistan's archaeological treasures as seen through the life of archaeologist Dr. Chaibai Mustamandy.
http://www.notesfromtheroad.com/desertsouthwestlaafgha.htm

Extractions: As any old man with a cane in the cobbled streets of Rome, Zahir Shah would appear anonymous. But this is no ordinary stroll, and no ordinary man, for the dethroned king of Afghanistan is pondering the call by his countrymen to help lead a nation which he lost to foreign invaders 28 years ago. He is one of the many lost Afghan sons scattered around the world - a link to a better past, and part of an irreplaceable education for a nation's future. I am in the passenger seat of an anonymous truck, riding across Southern California's San Fernando Valley with Mr. Huvishka Mustamandy-Khan, co-founding member of the international Committee for the Salvation of the Cultural Heritage of Afghanistan. He suggests we go for some Indian food. Mustamandy has agreed to speak to
WWW-VL History Index. History Of Afghanistan
The Soviet War in afghanistan. history and Harbinger of Future War? URLhttp//www.cc.ukans.edu/history/VL/middle_east/afghanistan.html.
http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/middle_east/afghanistan.html

Extractions: Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Also see our sister site, WWW-VL Asian Studies. Afghanistan Research Tools City Maps Gazeteers and Guide Books Geographic Finding Aids Language Reference Works Country Studies, Afghanistan Bibliography Archives Images Sound Libraries Journals Publishers and Bookdealers Biography and Genealogy Individual Biographies
MetaCrawler Results | Search Query = Afghanistan Taliban History
MetaSearch results for afghanistan taliban history (1 to 20 of 88), of mullahswas neither unusual nor radical within the context of afghanistan's history.
http://search.metacrawler.com/texis/search?q=Afghanistan Taliban History
Chronology Of Afghanistan's History | Article | MuseumStuff.com
MuseumStuff.com Articles Chronology of afghanistan's history. Chronologyof afghanistan's history. OVERVIEW Brief annotated
http://www.museumstuff.com/articles/ar2707.html

Extractions: Chronology of Afghanistan's History OVERVIEW : Brief annotated chronology of the history of this Middle Eastern area .. from ancient times (5000 BC) to modern issues. - From HinduWebsite.com 5000 BC - 2500 BC: Indus Valley Civilization. Although no excavations have been made and no archaeological evidence exists as on date, we strongly believe that the Indus people were familiar with this region and might have established some settlements there. Reader's attention is drawn to the fact that the North Dravidian languages namely Kurukh, Malto, and Brahui, are spoken by more than 2 million speakers in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the border areas of India to this day. 2500 BC- 1000 BC Expansion of the Aryan base. The original inhabitants of this region were pushed towards eastern India where new schools of thoughts and a new imperial culture would emerge in course of time. 328 BC: The invasion of Alexander the Great. 303 BC: The defeat of Seleucus 1 by Chandragupta Maurya.
Afghanistan
Comments and suggestions, please email info@salaam.co.uk, history OF afghanistan(6421149). 1. Early Muslim history of afghanistan In 642.
http://www.salaam.co.uk/themeofthemonth/december01_index.php?l=1
BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | Afghanistan's Turbulent History
The overthrow of afghanistan's King Mohammad Zahir Shah in 1973 sparked a chain of events that have Category Society Issues September 11, 2001 BBC News Friday, 28 September, 2001, 2301 GMT 0001 UK afghanistan's turbulent history afghanistan'srecent history has been marked by almost constant war By William
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1569000/1569826.stm

Extractions: By William Reeve, former Afghanistan correspondent The former king of Afghanistan, Mohammad Zahir Shah, who lives in exile in Italy, has been tipped recently as a possible future head of a transitional government in the country. But, in a sense, it was his overthrow in 1973 that began a chain of developments in Afghanistan that have led, step by step, to the desperate position of today. Zahir Shah was deposed in a palace coup by his cousin, Mohammad Daoud, while the king was in Italy for an eye operation. Daoud declared Afghanistan a republic, with himself as president. He relied on the support of leftists to consolidate his power, and crushed an emerging Islamist movement. Defining moment But towards the end of his rule, he attempted to purge his leftist supporters from positions of power and sought to reduce Soviet influence in Afghanistan.
World Travel Guide - Afghanistan - History & Government
World Travel Guide afghanistan - history Government -includes information on the constitution and politics.
http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/afg/afg580.htm

Extractions: History: The history of Afghanistan has been closely tied to that of Persia, India and Russia, all of which Afghanistan has regularly been in conflict with. Contact with Britain came about in the early 1800s: the British invaded Afghanistan twice in the following years and were ignominiously chased out both times. Although no country succeeded in pacifying the fractious Afghans, the Russian and British Imperial powers both competed for influence in Central Asia. It was not until the 1919 Treaty of Rawalpindi that Britain recognised Afghanistan's independence. During the 1920s King Amanullah brought about the modernisation of industry and trade, education and communications. He also signed treaties with Iran and Turkey that settled their various long-standing differences. However, political stability at home proved elusive and Amanullah was overthrown in a coup, one of a series that did not come to an end when King Zahir Shah took power in 1933. Under his rule, Afghanistan confirmed its traditional regional policy of non-alignment, endeavouring once again to steer an even course between British-controlled India and Russia. mujahedin ) and pro-government forces. Finally, the Soviets, who had ben watching events from across the border with increasing concern, decided to intervene. At the end of December 1979, after yet another coup, the exiled leader of the PDPA's Parcham faction, Babrak Karmal, was installed as leader while tens of thousands of Soviet troops poured into the country. The stage was now set for the 'Soviet Vietnam' - a decade-long war between the Soviets and a coalition of Islamic, royalist and pro-Western guerrilla forces. The
History
history © 1996, M of G afghanistan's history has been vitally affectedby its geographic location and its topographical elements.
http://crick.fmed.uniba.sk/~zahin/hist.html

Extractions: A fghanistan's history has been vitally affected by its geographic location and its topographical elements. Lying between the plains of Central Asia to the north and the fertile lands of India and Iran to the south and west, Afghanistan provided routes for invasion and conquest. Afghanistan's fate was largely determined by its fringe of mountain rangesthe Hindu Kush, the Pamirs, and the Himalayaswhich channeled the passage of successive waves of invaders into northwest India, the Ganges Plain, and other important areas. Some of these invaders stayed in Afghanistan and settled the country. The foothills of northern Afghanistan may be one of the areas where man first domesticated plants and animals; archaeological research has traced a history of settlement in Afghanistan from the Middle Paleolithic era, the Mousterian period, about 50,000 years ago, to the Iron Age, the middle of the first millennium before the Christian era. In the 10th century a Turkish thrust for power resulted in the Ghaznavid Empire (962-1186), with its capital at Ghazni, stretching from the Arabian Sea to central Asia and from India almost to the Persian Gulf. Mahmood of Ghazna (997-1030) was a great general, and Ghazni became a center of learning. In the 13th century Mongol armies under Genghis Khan and in the 14th century Turko-Mongols under Tamerlane swept from the north, seizing Persia, parts of India, and the arable parts of Afghanistan. Tamerlane's descendant Baber made Kabul his capital until 1526, when he moved to Delhi to administer his great Mogul Empire.
Background Notes Archive - Near East And North Africa
and religious practices. history afghanistan, often called the crossroadsof Central Asia, has had a turbulent history. In 328 BC
http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/sa/afghanistan9407.html
World History Archives: The History Of Afghanistan
Documents and articles.Category Regional Asia afghanistan Society and Culture history Documents for the retrospective history of afghanistan Documents for the contemporarypolitical history of afghanistan Documents for the economic history of
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/index-n.html
World66.com's Travel Guide To Afghanistan
afghanistan history. Asia
http://www.world66.com/Page.Asp?Loc=248&Sec=3553
Afghanistan: An Ancient Nation - Timesunion.com
am Sunday, Sept. 30, 2001. The following are some key dates in thehistory of afghanistan. The flag of afghanistan. 500 BC Cyrus II
http://www.timesunion.com/news/september11/jimmichaels/history.asp

Extractions: The flag of Afghanistan 500 BC: Cyrus II the Great of the Achaemenid, an ancient Iranian dynasty, consolidates his rule over the area 327 BC: Alexander the Great conquers most of the Afghan regions 323 BC: The Seleucid Dynasty of Babylon lays claim to the region after Alexander's death 304 BC: Control is ceded to the Maurya dynasty of Northern India 180 BC: Ancient Afghan warriors, the Greco-Bactrian, claim independence and rule from Kabul 135 BC: Five nomadic tribes unite under the Kushan flag and oust the Greco-Bactrians 100 AD: The Kushan empire flourishes as a major part of the Silk Road between Rome, India and China 200-300 AD: World's largest Buddha figures are carved into the central mountains of Afghanistan, reflecting the influence of Indian pilgrims 400-600 AD: Control of region vacillates between Turkish/Sasasian coaliton and Central Asian nomads 700-950 AD: Several Islamic dynasties such as the Taharids and Saffarids maintain control 950 AD: Former slaves overthrow the Islamic Samanid dynasty and establish the Mahmud dynasty 1219 AD: Genghis Khan leads the Mongol horde through region 1404 AD: Turkish conqueror Timur wrests control of region from local chieftains. Relative period of peace and prosperity for Afghanistan
Information Sources On Afghanistan And International Terrorism
Library of Congress); afghanistan history (afghanistan Online); afghanistan(BUBL Link Catalogue of Internet Resources); Institute for
http://www2.tntech.edu/history/afghan.html

Extractions: H-Net and Sept. 11: Addressing Tragedy in the Classroom Teaching 9-11-01 (Clarke Center, Dickinson College) Terrorism Studies September 11 (Academic Info) September 11 and Beyond (Librarians' Index to the Internet) ... "The View From Inside," Interview with Robert D. Kaplan, author of Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan (1990,2001)
Afghanistan - Afghanistan's History
Country Perspectives afghanistan. afghanistan's history. Afghaninformation.comhttp//www.afghaninformation.com Keywords Islam and afghanistan.
http://www.islamic-paths.org/Home/English/History/Countries/Afghanistan/History.

Extractions: Commissions help to support orphaned kids. Darius I and Alexander the Great were the first to use Afghanistan as the gateway to India. Islamic conquerors arrived in the 7th century, and Genghis Khan and Tamerlane followed in the 13th and 14th centuries. In the 19th century, Afghanistan became a battleground in the rivalry of imperial Britain and Czarist Russia for control of Central Asia. Three Anglo-Afghan Wars (183942, 187880, and 1919) ended inconclusively. In 1893 Britain established an unofficial border, the Durand Line, separating Afghanistan from British India, and London granted full independence in 1919. Emir Amanullah founded an Afghan monarchy in 1926. During the cold war, King Mohammed Zahir Shah developed close ties with the Soviet Union, accepting extensive economic assistance from Moscow. He was overthrown in 1973 by his cousin Mohammed Daoud, who was himself ousted in a 1978 coup by Noor Taraki. Taraki, Amin, and Babrak Karmal, attempted to create a Marxist state. However, the new leadership was criticized by armed insurgents who bitterly opposed communism and hoped to create an Islamic state in Afghanistan. When Amin was in power Karmal entered Afghanistan along with the Soviet troops, and gained power from him, and in this way Moscow was able to mount a full-scale invasion of the country in Dec. 1979.
Afghanistan Online: Constitutions Of The Past (1963)
Full English text of afghanistan's 1963 Constitution, from Afghan Web.
http://www.afghan-web.com/history/const/const1963.html

Extractions: THE CONSTITUTION OF AFGHANISTAN 1963 GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN TITLE ONE THE STATE ARTICLE 1 AFGHANISTAN IS A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY; AN INDEPENDENT, UNITARY AND INDIVISIBLE STATE. SOVEREIGNTY IN AFGHANISTAN BELONGS TO THE NATION. THE AFGHAN NATION IS COMPOSED OF ALL THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO POSSESS THE CITIZENSHIP OF THE STATE OF AFGHANISTAN IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW. THE WORD AFGHAN SHALL APPLY TO EACH SUCH INDIVIDUAL. ARTICLE 2 ISLAM IS THE SACRED RELIGION OF AFGHANISTAN. RELIGIOUS RITES PERFORMED BY THE STATE SHALL BE ACCORDING TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE HANAFI DOCTRINE. NON MUSLIM CITIZENS SHALL BE FREE TO PERFORM THEIR RITUALS WITHIN THE LIMITS DETERMINED BY LAWS FOR PUBLIC DECENCY AND PUBLIC PEACE. ARTICLE 3 FROM AMONGST THE LANGUAGES OF AFGHANISTAN, PASHTU AND DARI SHALL BE THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES. ARTICLE 4 THE FLAG OF AFGHANISTAN IS TRI COLOR (BLACK, RED AND GREEN) ALL PIECES JOINED TOGETHER VERTICALLY FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN EQUAL PROPORTIONS; THE BREADTH OF EACH STRIP EQUALLING HALF OF ITS LENGTH, HAVING IN THE MIDDLE THE INSIGNIA OF THE MEHRAB (AN ARCH IN A MOSQUE WHERE THE PRAYING CONGREGATION STANDS, FACING THE KAABA IN MECCA) AND THE MENDER (A MANY TIERED PULPIT PLACED TO THE RIGHT OF THE METHRAB IN A MOSQUE, FROM WHICH ADDRESSES ARE DELIVERED) IN WHITE, FLANKED BY TWO FLAGS AND ENSCONCED IN TWO SHEAVES OF WHEAT. ARTICLE 5 THE CAPITAL OF AFGHANISTAN IS THE CITY OF KABUL.
A Pure
He was approved, recruited, trained and sent to afghanistan where hefought well. The US watched this approvingly. The rest is history.
http://www.zmag.org/aliqa.htm

Extractions: It is a virulent, sectarian, ultra-puritanical strain heavily influenced by Wahhabism-the official state religion of Saudi Arabia. It was Saudi religious instructors who trained the Taliban. They believe in a permanent jihad against infidels and other Muslims (especially the Shias). Bin Laden, too, is a staunch Wahhabi. They would like a return to what they imagine was Islam in the 7th century, during the leadership of Mohammed. What they don't understand is that Mohammed was a very flexible prophet-politician as Maxime Rodinson explains in his excellent biography. Throughout the Cold War the United States used Islam as a bulwark against communism and revolution. This occurred everywhere in the Islamic world, not just in South Asia. So we can say that the Islamism we witness is a product of imperialism and modernity.
Exeter Stop The War Coalition
Formed to organise activities to protest and to prevent the continuation and escalation of the war in afghanistan. history of the PalestineIsrael conflict, articles, upcoming local and regional events, and political cartoons.
http://www.eclipse.co.uk/exeter/stopwar/
Cronological History Of Afghanistan - The Cradle Of Gandharan Civilisation
.The history of afghanistan. Below Serindia. Chronological table showing importantevents throughout the history of afghanistan. Date,
http://www.gandhara.com.au/afghan_table.html

Extractions: 2000 BC First true urban centres rise in two main sites in Afghanistan, Mundigak, and Deh Morasi Ghundai. Mundigak near modern day Kandahar, had an economic base of wheat, barley, sheep and goats. Evidence indicates that Mudigak could have been a provincial capital of the Indus valley civilization. Ancient Afghanistan emerges as a crossroads between Mesopotamia, and other ancient civilizations. 2000 BC -
Kushan History, A Rough Guide To India, Afghanistan, Pakistan And Eastern Iran
history. This site is a guide to the history of northern India andAfghanistan from the second century BC to the third century AD.
http://www.kushan.org/

Extractions: This site is a guide to the history of northern India and Afghanistan from the second century BC to the third century AD. During this period a group of nomads called the Yu-chi invaded the Greek kingdoms of Bactria (modern Afghanistan) and founded five kingdoms. The leaders of these nomads rose to power and founded the Kushan empire. This empire was a world power for two centuries until it was broken up by the rising Sasanian empire. The site was first hosted by KUWB military history as a guide to the Kushan Military. As the emphasis has shifted away from military history it was decided the rough guide needed its own site. The new site at geocities is presently under construction. A section on coinage and several reviews are pending. Thanks are owed to the Keele Wargames Club who continue to provide space for a number of important items. Find out whats new, click here Contents Page Some highlights A general history of the Kushans from the early migrations of the Yu-chi to the invasions of the Hephalites.
Afghanistan Research Group - ARG)
Offers articles on the country, reports and other publications for download, external links and information on the afghanistan Research Group (ARG / ARA).
http://bglatzer.de/arg/

Extractions: We offer information, reports, articles and other material from our work and from the Internet. We also provide access to other Internet-resources, and one page will be on ourselves. Your comments and contributions will be highly appreciated (e-mail see below). Information on Afghanistan (Infos, overviews, articles, reports and other documents)

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