Geometry.Net - Basic_A: Anolis Lizards

Marguerite Butler Ph.D., 1998 Washington University In Saint
In either case, students are expected to take the lead in developing projects independently,consulting with me as needed. Sexual Dimorphism in anolis lizards.
http://web.utk.edu/~mhiga/butler.html

Extractions: My research questions are centered on two themes: 1) adaptive evolution, or how environmental variation produces diversity among species, and 2) sexual variation, particularly the evolutionary and ecological factors involved when sexes show different patterns of adaptation. I usually work at the interspecific level, comparing differences among species in order to infer evolutionary processes. My work takes place in both the field and the lab, and may include a variety of approaches including: morphology, behavior, physiology, molecular genetics, and ecology within a phylogenetic comparative framework. I am also active in theoretical and methodological aspects of phylogenetic methods, especially in developing statistical foundations for phylogenetic tests. I am deeply interested in adaptive radiations, and have two study systems: the Anolis lizards of the Caribbean, and more recently, the Megalagrion damselflies of Hawaii. Both are closely related but ecologically diverse groups which are ideal for phylogenetic comparative studies of adaptation. In my most recent project, I am studying the physical effects of pregnancy (gravidity) using the green iguana (Iguana iguana) as a model, with plans to expand taxonomically in the future. Students wishing to work in my lab are free to work on research questions closely allied to mine or not. In either case, students are expected to take the lead in developing projects independently, consulting with me as needed.
Study Questions
Schoener. 1994. Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of specializationof Bahamian anolis lizards. Evolution 48(6)17861798. JB
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/taresources/questions.html

Extractions: Table of Contents: Add active learning to large classes Using the Web to teach science TA resources Teaching links ... General Ecology- UNH Instructors have assigned the following study questions to help students grasp particular topics. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Adaptation Alien invasions Coevolution Deformed frogs ... Defining species Adaptation J.B. Losos, D.J. Irschick, and T.W. Schoener. 1994. Adaptation and constraint in the T.J.Case. 1997. Natural Selection out on a limb. Nature 387:15-16. I'd like to use these papers as a case study for natural selection and adaptation and constraint. There are 2 separate experiments presented by Losos. The 1994 paper is an example where they had predictions of evolutionary response in 2 species of lizards, but did not see any change over time. The 1997 Nature paper presents the results of a separate long term experiment using one of the species of Anolis lizards, where they claim to see adaptive evolution. The Case paper is a review of the 1997 Losos study.
Reading Lists
Schoener. 1994. Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of specializationof Bahamian anolis lizards. Evolution 48 (6)17861798. JB
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/taresources/read.html

Extractions: Table of Contents: Add active learning to large classes Using the Web to teach science TA resources Teaching links ... General Ecology- UNH S electing readings for undergraduate courses is tricky because it is hard to find readings that are accessible to introductory level students, but not so challenging that students get frustrated. Instructors have found that the following readings have been appropriate for use in undergraduate classes in ecology, evolution, and animal behavior. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Adaptation
Bowers, M
Irschick, DJ; Vitt, LJ 1997. A comparison of evolutionary radiationsin mainland and Caribbean anolis lizards. Ecology 7821912203.
http://online.sfsu.edu/~efc/classes/theoretical/biblio/conserbib.htm

Extractions: Christiana Conser Using Phylogeny as a Tool for Deciphering Competition Questions Annotated Bibliography Bowers, M.A. and Brown, J.H. Body Size and Coexistence in Desert Rodents: Chance or Community Structure? Ecology 63(2):391:400. This paper tries to ascertain if body size is a determining factor in species coexistence in rodents without using phylogeny. The results of their analysis depended on if they included only the granivore guild in their analysis or if they did a more inclusive analysis adding other guilds. In this case it appears that evidence for community structure is scale dependent. Giannasi, N.; Thorpe, R. S.; Malhotra, A. A phylogenetic analysis of body size evolution in the Anolis roquet group (Sauria: Iguanidae): Character displacement or size assortment? Molecular Ecology 9:193-202. This paper uses molecular genetic data to test whether character displacement or competitive exclusion accounts for the distribution of a subset of the Anolis group, the A. roquet species group. They conclude that size assortment alone was insufficient to explain the observed patterns of body size differences, but a
Latin Lizards
The anolis lizards of Puerto Rico and Jamaica therefore are more consistentwith the creationist/preadaptationist viewpoint. Commenting
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/1364.asp

Extractions: Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal Today, the various species of Anolis lizard on Puerto Rico include ones small enough to forage for insects at the ends of branches, also a greenish variety better able to hide in the leaves, and a brownish version well camouflaged on tree trunks and the ground. Just as for Darwin's finches, it can reasonably be inferred (and creationists could agree) that all the present-day species descended from an original species (possibly only one pair) invading the island. It is not difficult to conceive how such specialization occurred, with the lizards adapting via selection acting only on the genetic information present in the original population. The originally less-specialized 'ancestor' Anolis lizard was most likely medium-sized and able to forage for insects both on the trees and on the ground, with the information for both green and brown colouring already present in varying degrees. The splitting off of such daughter populations, each with less information (as a whole population, not necessarily as individuals), does not involve any 'evolution' in the sense of new genetic information arising. For a smaller number of kinds on the Ark to have given rise to the more numerous descendant species of today, processes like this would have had to be operative on a substantial scale.
WU Libraries Bio Dept 1994 Pubs
GR Quantitative Studies see Amin, II Eldridge, JH Antigen Delivery Systems see Michalek, SM Evans, CS Male anolis lizards see Macedonia
http://library.wustl.edu/units/biology/reprints/1994.html
WU Libraries Bio Dept 1997 Pubs
Character on Different Branches of a Phylogenetic Tree Using Linear and SquaredChangeParsimony an Example Using Lesser Antillean anolis lizards Evolution 51
http://library.wustl.edu/units/biology/reprints/1997.html
Predator And Prey Interactions, Sinervo©1997
Recall that the motion detectors of anolis lizards rapidly become habituatedto the sinusoidal frequencies of branches swaying in the wind.
http://www.biology.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/animal_behavior/PREDATOR.HTM

Extractions: Back to the Syllabus Index Vision and Motion Detectors Predator Motion Detectors Sensory Exploitation of a Prey's Motion Habituation Mechanisms Sonar ... The Evolution of Aposematic and Mullerian Mimicry Many prey have evolved to be cryptic and so the challenge for many predators is locating unmoving and concealed prey. Development of a search image greatly aids in locating cryptic prey during a birds active foraging flight. Other organisms that forage actively use olfactory cues to locate concealed prey. However, the challenge for many predators is not so difficult. Many predators are sit-and-wait rather than actively foraging Sit-and-wait predators remain motionless for long periods of time. When a prey item moves in their receptive field, the predator lunges with great speed (relative to the prey) and snaps it up. We will consider the visual system of a classic sit-and-wait predator, the toad. The key to the toads motion-based prey detector is the receptive field , the fundamental unit of its perception machinery. Each of the thousands of receptive fields in the toad eye consist of the following components:
Artikel Zur Adaptiven Radiation (Archiv)
Lister, BC 1976a. The nature of niche expansion in West Indian anolis lizardsI. Ecological consequences of reduced competition. Evolution 30 659676.
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/Radiationen/linklith07.htm

Extractions: Intro Links and Literature Program description Scientific Advisory Board Projekte Research Projects ... Interna Amadon, D. 1950. The Hawaiian honexcreepers (Aves, Drepaniidae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 95: 151-262. Benkman, C. W., and A. K. Lindholm. 1991. The advantages and evolution of a morphological novelty. Nature 349: 519-520. Fisher, R. A. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Freed, L. A., S. Conant, and R. C. Fleischer. 1987. Evolutionary ecology and radiation of Hawaiian passerine birds. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2: 196-203. Galis, F., and J. A. J. Metz. 1998. Why are there so many cichlid species? Trends Ecol. Evol. 13: 1-2. Givnish, T. J. 1998. Adaptive radiation of plants on oceanic islands: classical patterns, molecular data, new insights. Pp. 281-304 in P. Grant (ed.), Evolution on Islands. Oxford University Press. Givnish, T. J. 1997. Adaptive radiation and molecular systematics: aims and conceptual issues. Pp. 1-54 in T. J. Givnish and K. J. Sytsma (eds.), Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, New York. Givnish, T. J., K. J. Sytsma, J. F. Smith, and W. S. Hahn. 1995. Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation, and geographic speciation in Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae). Pp. 288-337 in W. L. Wagner and V. Funk (ed.), Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolution on a Hot Spot Archipelago. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C.
2003 Bay Area Conservation Biology Symposium - Keyword Index
The evolution of beta diversity among Lesser Antillean anolis lizards ConcurrentSessions II, Community Ecology and Biodiversity, 1120 1220 pm, 2060 VLSB.
http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/consbio/symposium/keywordidx.html

Extractions: 5th Annual Bay Area Conservation Biology Symposium University of California at Berkeley Saturday February 1 st Valley Life Sciences Building 8.00 am - 7.30 pm Keyword Index Please use the list of keywords of below to find papers and posters related to a specific topic. Note that keywords are largely assigned by authors, and each paper can be assigned to up to three keywords. bats
Bibliography: Introduced Snakes & Lizards
Basking behavior of two anolis lizards in south Florida. Florida Scientist 59(1)1619. Reproductive failure among the hybridizing anolis lizards of Trinidad.
http://www.herper.com/herpintro/biblioliz.html

Extractions: Bibliography for Introduced Snakes and Lizards in North America Anolis Bell, L. Neil. 1953. Notes on three subspecies of the lizard Anolis sagrei in southern Florida. Copeia 1953(1): 63. Brach, V. 1976. Habits and food of Anolis equestris in Florida. Copeia 1976(1):187-189.*** Brach, V. 1977. Notes on the introduced population of Anolis cristatellus in south Florida. Copeia 1977(1): 184-185. Brumwell, M. J. 1942. Establishment of Anolis carolinensis in Kansas. Copeia 1942(1): 54. Butterfield, B., et al. 1994. Two anoles new to Broward County, Florida. Herpetological Review 25(2): 77-78. Campbell, T. S. 1996. Northern range expansion of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) in Florida and Georgia. Herpetological Review 27(3): 155-157. Campbell, T. S., and J. T. Hammontree. 1995. Anolis sagrei. Geographic Distribution Note. Herpetological Review 26(2): 107. Campbell, T. S., and J. T. Hammontree. 1995. Anolis sagrei. Geographic Distribution Note. Herpetological Review 26(2): 107. Cochran, P. A. 1990. Anolis sagrei. Geographic Distribution Note. Herpetological Review 21(1): 22.
The Marine Park And The Quil National Park On St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean ~ G
anolis lizards. There are two species of anolis lizards living onStatia Anolis bimaculatus and Anolis wattsi. anolis lizards can
http://www.goldenrockdive.com/marinepark.html

Extractions: A: The St. Eustatius Marine Park consists of four areas that are protected by local law. The southern part of the Marine Park (from Crooks Castle all the way to White Wall) is a restricted fishing zone. The three other areas: the historical wreck sites in the bay, STENAPA Reef (a modern wreck site) and the northern Marine Park are open for both fishing and diving. A: The law on St. Eustatius states that diving for nonresidents is only allowed under local guidance. This is to ensure that no historical artifacts or marine life are removed from our waters. It implies that you have to contact a local dive operator if you wish to dive. If you are going to dive in the Marine Park however, there is an admission fee to be paid. This fee can be paid at the Marine Park office, which is located at Lower Town close to the harbor. Or, you can pay it through the dive operator. The Marine Park fees are: US$ 6.00 per dive
Research
Behavioral ecology of anolis lizards SOME STUDIES IN PROGRESS Energetics of afreeranging polygynous lizard (Anolis carolinensis) during breeding and post
http://www.biol.vt.edu/faculty/Jenssen/Research.html
CURRICULUM VITAE
World Wildlife FundUS. 1987 Adaptation of Jamaican anolis lizards.Sigma Xi (National). 1987 Adaptation of Florida anolis lizards.
http://www.davidstarrjordan.org/losos_cv.htm
International Projects - Central America
in London. Contact Dr. Donald R. Davis, Department of Entomology,National Museum of Natural History. anolis lizards. Dr. Kevin
http://www.si.edu/intrel/internat/central.htm

Extractions: Neotropical Plant Studies Late Classic Maya Ceramics Central American Ceramic Projects Manakins ... Garden Eels In a project that began in 1991, Dr. Pedro Acevedo, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, is analyzing the phylogenetic relationship between genera of the Paullinieae tribe of Sapindaceae with chiefly tropical woody climbing plants. His research includes a taxonomic revision of the genus Talisia, found from Mexico to Argentina although concentrated in the Guianas. His other current research is aimed at production of a field guide for the neotropical genera of lianas, while previous work has resulted in the book Flora of St. John. Dr. Acevedo is also collaborating in a multi-institutional project surveying flora of the Greater Antilles, and is collecting data and specimens for a field guide to the vines of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contact: Dr. Pedro Acevedo, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History. Drs. Michael J. Braun, David McDonald and Robb Brumfield are studying the genetic structure of the hybrid zone between two species of manakins, small lek-breeding Central American birds. Their research so far has provided some of the first documentation that positively selected traits can spread from one species to another, underscoring the importance of hybrid zones in influencing evolutionary change and generating new biological diversity. Stuffed models of male manakins and color-dyed individuals are used at breeding display grounds to test the hypothesis that sexual selection favors the male plumage pattern of one species over that of the other. Contact: Dr. Michael J. Braun, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History.
Kevin De Queiroz
1997. Jackman, T., JB Losos, A. Larson, K. de Queiroz. Phylogenetic studiesof convergent adaptive radiations in Caribbean anolis lizards. Pp.
http://www.si.edu/ofg/Staffhp/deQueirozK.htm

Extractions: Kevin de Queiroz Associate Curator National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560-0162 dequeirk@nmnh.si.edu Research Interests Systematics and evolutionary biology of reptiles; principles and methods of systematic biology. Current Research Projects Phylogenetic relationships of phrynosomatid sand lizards; phylogenetic relationships of swordtail fishes; development of theory and rules of phylogenetic nomenclature; theory of species and its implications for taxonomy. Current or Projected Exhibits Behring mammal halls (part of extended team). Recent Publications 1997. de Queiroz, K. The Linnaean hierarchy and the evolutionization of taxonomy, with emphasis on the problem of nomenclature. Aliso 15(2):125-144. 1997. de Queiroz, K. Misunderstandings about the phylogenetic approach to biological nomenclature: A reply to Lidén and Oxelman. Zoologica Scripta 26(1):67-70. Anolis lizards. Pp. 535-557 in Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation, T. J. Givnish and K. J. Sytsma (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. 1998. Losos, J. B., T. R. Jackman, A. Larson, K. de Queiroz, and L. Rodriguez Schettino. Contingency and determinism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards. Science 279(5359):2115-2118.
Jeremy J. Gibson-Brown Lab Webpage
anolis lizards, found throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America, area wellstudied genus and will serve as an ideal model system for integrating
http://tbx.wustl.edu/~jgblab/rib.html

Extractions: Tbx text here Integrating detailed studies of ecology and evolution with modern techniques of developmental genetics and molecular biology has the potential to be one of the most informative approaches to understanding the origins of biological diversity and morphological disparity. Anolis lizards, found throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America, are a well-studied genus and will serve as an ideal model system for integrating these disparate fields. For example, anoles have diversified at an exceptionally high rate producing more than 400 species in a relatively short period of time. This radiation has been well characterized and as a result, evolutionary relationships, ecological interactions, physiological and biomechanical capabilities and behavior are well understood. Interestingly, these lizards have undergone remarkable, repeated patterns of parallel evolution in the Greater Antilles where a number of species have adapted to similar habitats both morphologically and behaviorally. Understanding the developmental and molecular basis for these adaptive radiations proves to be an exciting avenue of research that will likely yield new and unexpected results. Gene reg. text here
S. L. Perkins - Research
The goal was to uncover the colonization history of the lizard malariaparasites that infect the anolis lizards of the Lesser Antilles.
http://spot.colorado.edu/~perkinss/research.html

Extractions: Click here for a list of all Refereed Publications My research centers on the evolution and biogeography of parasites and exploits the powerful techniques of molecular genetics to pursue issues that were formerly difficult or impossible to resolve in these taxa. Some of my work has also involved the study of the coevolution of parasites and their hosts. Parasite-host systems are particularly intriguing because two or more species coevolve in an antagonisitic fashion, the parasite being completely dependent on its host(s), and the host(s) selected to eliminate the relationship. I have used the malaria parasites ( Plasmodium and related genera), as my model system. These parasites are very diverse (fully 170 species of Plasmodium have been described), world-wide in distribution in many tropical, subtropical, and temperate habitats, infect a great range of vertebrate hosts (birds, mammals, and reptiles), and exhibit a substantial diversity of life history traits. This great diversity of parasite-host systems allows cross-species comparisons and phylogenetic analysis to approach important problems in biology. Molecular techniques have recently been developed for use with human malarial parasites; I have adapted these laboratory methods to study the great range of parasites in Plasmodium , related genera, and more distantly related apicomplexan parasites.
Publications By Peter A. Zani
1997. Irschick, DJ, LJ Vitt, PA Zani, and JB Losos. A comparison of evolutionaryradiations in Mainland and Caribbean anolis lizards. Ecology 78 21912203.
http://spot.colorado.edu/~zani/papers.html

Extractions: . Zani, P. A., S. I. Guttman, and R. Powell. The genetic relations of Anolis cristatellus from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science . Zani, P. A. and D. L. Claussen. Voluntary and forced terrestrial locomotion in juvenile and adult painted turtles, Chrysemys picta Copeia . Zani, P. A. and D. L. Claussen. Effects of extrinsic load on locomotion in painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta Copeia . Zani, P. A. and L. J. Vitt. Techniques for capturing arboreal lizards. Herpetological Review . Zani, P. A. Patterns of caudal-autotomy evolution in lizards. Journal of Zoology (London) . Zani, P. A. Techniques for measuring saltatory locomotor performance. Herpetologica . Zani, P. A. The comparative evolution of lizard claw and toe morphology and clinging performance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology . Zani, P. A. Clinging performance of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis Herpetologica Zani, P. A., S. E. T. Swanson, L. W. Cohnstaedt, W. E. Bradshaw, C. M. Holzapfel. Cytoplasmic contribution to the evolution of thermal tolerance in the pitcher-plant mosquito
ISEM Research: Anolis Lizard In Dominican Amber
collections. Only two specimens of anolis lizards preserved in Dominicanamber have been scientifically studied and described. Both
http://www.smu.edu/isem/3D/3Dindex.html

Extractions: Click for a larger view. Unlocking secrets in 3-dimensions While the amber preserves small details, it also locks some of the bones away from view. Using 3-D images created from CT scans, ISEM researchers can view the bones and can rotate their images inside a computer, looking for important features of the skeleton.

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