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The historic myths of a people/nation usually play an important role in the creation and consolidation of the basic concepts from which the self-image of that nation derives. These concepts include not only images of the nation itself, but also images of other peoples. Although the construction of ethnic stereotypes during the "long" nineteenth century initially had other functions than simply the homogenization of the particular culture and the exclusion of "others" from the public sphere, the evaluation of peoples according to criteria that included "level of civilization" yielded "rankings" of ethnic groups within the Habsburg Monarchy. That provided the basis for later, more divisive ethnic characterizations of exclusive nationalism, as addressed in this volume that examines the roots and results of ethnic, nationalist, and racial conflict in the region from a variety of historical and theoretical perspectives.The volumes in this series, many of them based on research presented at international, interdisciplinary conferences sponsored by the renowned Center for Austrian Studies at the University of Minnesota, address specific themes and questions regarding the history, culture, politics and contemporary social and economic experience of Austria and its East-Central European neighbors. ... Read more

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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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The growing internationalization of the world poses a fundamental question, i.e., through what mechanisms does culture diffuse across political boundaries and what is the role of politics in shaping this diffusion? This volume offers some answers through the case study of the relationship between two quite different states during the Cold War era - Austria, a small neutral country, and the United States, the reigning superpower. The authors challenge naive notions of cultural diffusion that posit the submission of small "peripheral" areas to the dictates of hegemonic powers at the "core." "Americanization" has no doubt taken place since 1945; however, local forces crucially shaped this process, and Austrian elites enjoyed considerable leeway in pursuing "Austrian" political objectives. On the other hand, with the expulsion of Vienna's cultural and intellectual elite after the AnschluA , the United States, more than any othercountry, became heir to the rich cultural legacy of "Vienna 1900," which profoundly shaped politics and culture in both its "high" and popular forms in postwar America.The relationship climaxed and came full circle with the unfolding of the Waldheim affair, which forced Americans and Austrians to reinterpret the meaning of the Nazi era for their own history in a confrontation with the "other." ... Read more

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In this work of intellectual history, Max Alter places Menger in his proper intellectual setting - the romanticism/historicism of 19th-century German thought. Menger emerges as an economic theorist whose theoretical work is tied to 19th-century German political economy in a way that his later interpreters never realized. The resulting reassessment leaves Menger's status as a pioneer of neo-classical economies secure and it illuminates the important differences among Menger, Walras, and Jevons. But it challenges the accepted notion that Austrian economics developed relatively continuously from 1871 onward. By laying bare the foundations of Menger's thought. Alter makes clear just how far the Austrian school has departed from the inspiration of its founder. ... Read more

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The building intended to house the University of Vienna was built in 1753/1755 according to a plan drawn up by Jean Nicolas Jadot, an architect from Lothringen. The opening celebrations, presided over by Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresia, took place in April 1756. In 1857 the building was presented to the Imperial Academy of Sciences - the Austrian Academy of Sciences since 1945 - which had been founded by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1846. The building site for the new assembly hall of the university was not chosen by chance, but was located in that part of town in which the university buildings had been since the late 14th century. The urban setting and the narrow building area called for an unusual design for this "Neue Aula". The narrow side, facing the square, needed to be emphasised by means of its main façade, which now competed with the previously dominant front of the University Church of the Jesuits as a standout feature, thus leading to a reordering of the visual framework of the square. Such a weakening of the sacred context of the square was symbolic of the reorganisation of the course of academic studies at the university, made manifest through the erection of the Neue Aula and which was taken out of the hands of the "Society of Jesus" in successive steps lasting until 1759. If at the beginning the main idea was to set up apartments in the new building for virtually all of the professors of the schools of law and medicine, their preferential treatment can be understood when one considers that particularly the practically oriented schools (law and medicine) were affected by the university reforms of the time. The driving force behind the speedy erection of the building was the Chancellor of the University of Vienna, Archbishop Johann Joseph Graf Trautson, whom Maria Theresia had entrusted with all building projects in March of 1753. No later than February 1754, the unification of the four schools in the new building was placed on the agenda, thus stressing the common identity of the academic disciplines - a point of view that was convincingly taken into account in the frescoes by Gregorio Guglielmi (1755) that decorate the "Festsaal" [great hall]. As far as can be inferred today from the written and pictorial documents, the erection of the new university building should in no way be interpreted as an isolated undertaking. In the final analysis it was part of a comprehensive plan to give the university quarter, which had been located there since the Middle Ages, a clearer structure and a new definition within the concept of town planning. This publication offers a detailed study of the history and the design and decoration of the former assembly hall of the university - today the main building of the Austrian Academy of Sciences - and a description of the genesis and function of this building, all based on a large number of written and pictorial sources. ... Read more