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Located in east central Africa, the Republic of Burundi has experienced much conflict in its brief history. Although it has been independent from European administration since 1962, Burundi has gone through several political upheavals. From 1966 to 1990, it existed as a republic under military rule. In 1993, it had its first free presidential election, which placed Melchoir Ndaday in the Presidential seat. His assassination four months later spurred violent uprisings between Burundi's two major ethnic groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi. Ndaday's successor likewise died under suspicious circumstances in 1994, resulting in more civil unrest in Burundi, as well as in Burundi's neighboring country of Rwanda. Burundi's civilian conflicts have been further strained by pressing social and economic problems, causing the leadership of this troubled country to appeal for help from its UN affiliates. The "Historical Dictionary of Burundi" contains entries on the important national figures, political parties and military personnel who have steered this tiny nation through its troubled development, as well as information on Burundi's steadily strengthening economy and educational base. A chronology, bibliography, and detailed introduction will give the reader a perspective from which to continue study of the development of this nation. ... Read more

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This study examines the mystery of Burundi's ethnic massacres, among the bloodiest in the world. They occurred in 1959, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1972 and 1988. In the 1988 massacre, people picked up their machetes, their axes, and stones and started slaughtering their neighbours. Based on solid scholarship, and written by a man who was there as a wire-service correspondent, this book examines the mystery of the ethnic massacres - tribal in nature - in this small, central African republic. ... Read more

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Burundi is Rwanda's twin, a small country in Central Africa with a complex history of ethnic tension between its Hutu and Tutsi populations and a deep familiarity with traumatic events, including the mass killing of over 200,000 people. Burundi was trapped in a state of civil war until 2004, after which Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela mediated a lengthy and eventually successful movement toward peace. Burundi's contemporary era has brought new institutions to the country, including a more open constitution, which led to the election of a majority Hutu government in 2005. Still, apart from ethnic tensions, many problems persist, particularly the entrenched poverty of most Burundians, which has led NGOs to call Burundi one of the most deprived countries on earth.

Nigel Watt traces the origins of Burundi's political crises and illuminates recent historical events through interviews with leading political figures and survivors of atrocity. A unique and rare portrait, Watt's "biography" demystifies Burundi's little-understood "ethnic" divisions and provides a thorough understanding of this beautiful and cultured land, which has produced a remarkable line of peacemakers, journalists, teachers, and political and religious leaders.

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Though the genocide of 1994 catapulted Rwanda onto the international stage, English-language historical accounts of the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa—which encompasses Burundi, eastern Congo, Rwanda, western Tanzania, and Uganda—are scarce. Drawing on colonial archives, oral tradition, archeological discoveries, anthropologic and linguistic studies, and his thirty years of scholarship, Jean-Pierre Chrétien offers a major synthesis of the history of the region, one still plagued by extremely violent wars. This translation brings the work of a leading French historian to an English-speaking audience for the first time.

Chrétien retraces the human settlement and the formation of kingdoms around the sources of the Nile, which were "discovered" by European explorers around 1860. He describes these kingdoms' complex social and political organization and analyzes how German, British, and Belgian colonizers not only transformed and exploited the existing power structures, but also projected their own racial categories onto them. Finally, he shows how the independent states of the postcolonial era, in particular Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda, have been trapped by their colonial and precolonial legacies, especially by the racial rewriting of the latter by the former.

Today, argues Chrétien, the Great Lakes of Africa is a crucial region for historical research—not only because its history is fascinating but also because the tragedies of its present are very much a function of the political manipulations of its past. ... Read more

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Scherrer examines the ethnicized conflicts, periodic war, and genocide in Rwanda and Burundi. The 1994 genocide in Rwanda may have resulted in the murder of a million Tutsi and moderate Hutu, while the mass killings in Burundi, especially in 1993 when some 200,000 Hutu and Tutsi were killed, and the current ongoing war in the Congo appear to have the potential to escalate into another round of genocide in the region. Scherrer explores the background to the conflicts as well as what the international community might do to break this tragic cycle of violence and despair. ... Read more

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This study guide contains basic information on economy, government, business, history and geography, climate, traditions, people, places to visit. Provides information on government, political organizations, and more...Includes basic statistics, information on the most important business contacts and business travel. Updated annually. ... Read more

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This book identifies the continuities and transformations of violence in Burundi and shows how violence has been intensified through the introduction of modern concepts of masculinity. It shows how Burundi is linked to the patterns of recurrent genocidal violence in Rwanda, Congo and Uganda. Patricia Daley argues passionately for a revised feminist-historical approach to understanding violence and reforming the processes whereby local and international bodies put together peace agreements.PATRICIA DALEY is a Lecturer in the School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, anda Fellow of Jesus College, CambridgeNorth America: Indiana U Press; Uganda: Fountain Publishers; Kenya: EAEP; South Africa: Jacana ... Read more

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The United Nations (UN) has been involved for many years in supporting security reforms processes in member states. Th is volume examines the experience of UN integrated missions in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti and Kosovo.

Heiner Hänggi is assistant director and head of research at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and Vincena Scherrer is UN SSR Project Coordinator there.

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This work analyzes the part played by religion - be it Christianity, Islam or traditional beliefs - in the civil wars and insurgent conflicts that have scarred Africa. Topics include the role of religious institutions in these conflicts and religion's role in legitimizing violence and war. ... Read more