Geometry.Net - Basic_C: Canada Before Confederation

Untitled
The battle lines for the confederation issue became drawn the 1864 Quebec conference,brought before the Assembly the per capita debt of canada and Newfoundland
http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~melbaker/1860S.htm

Extractions: The Rejection of Confederation with Canada, 1865-1874 by Melvin Baker (c)1994 Hurrah for our own native Isle, Newfoundland, Not a stranger shall hold one inch of its strand, Her face turns to Britain, her back to the Gulf, Come near at your peril, Canadian Wolf. (anti-Confederation song) Within ten years of attaining responsible government in 1855, Newfoundland faced another political debate concerning its constitutional future, one which was not resolved until Confederation with Canada was resoundingly rejected in the 1869 Newfoundland election. The Confederation issue of this period was played out against a background of several years in the early 1860s of economic depression, a depression which led many Newfoundlanders to regard the issue as a viable option to their economic woes. This depression was of local origins caused by a succession of short cod and seal fisheries, market difficulties, and potato blight. With approximately 162,000 people scattered along the Island's many bays and inlets, 89% of the workforce was involved in the fishery and fish and seal products made up 95% of Newfoundland's total exports, which went chiefly to Europe, the West Indies and Brazil. There was little market agriculture and most of imports came mainly from Britain and the United States (about 65%), while Canada provided the other 25%, and remainder came from elsewhere. The fisheries itself ran on a credit system. Fishermen were advanced supplies on credit in the spring, and they sold their catch to their supplier in the fall receiving paymentassuming they had a credit balancein goods rather than cash. Cash was a scarce commodity in outport Newfoundland. Merchants tended to charge as much as they could for supplies advanced on credit, and to pay as little as possible for the fish. This practice, together with the natural uncertainties of both the seal and cod fisheries, and the vagaries of the markets, kept most fishermen either in poverty or on the brink of it. (Quoted in Hiller, "Newfoundland Confronts Canada", in E.R. Forbes and D.A. Muise, eds.
Competitions - CONCACAF: The Football Confederation
31 in final match before World Championship draw. 15.11.02 USA clinch region'sthird place in FIFA World Youth Championship. 13.11.02 - canada, USA deadlocked
http://www.concacaf.com/news/article.page/1090

Extractions: Canada defeat USA, earn last berth to FIFA World Championship - Canada scored three second-half goals and outlasted the USA 3:2 while Haiti defeated El Salvador 2:1 on Sunday at Blackbaud Stadium in Charleston, South Carolina in the final day of matches of Group B of the FC Under-20 Final Tournament. The win gives the Maple Leafs first place in the group and the fourth and final CONCACAF berth to the FIFA World Youth Championship Unites Arab Emirates 2003, while the USA, who clinched a berth on Friday finish second in the group. It was Canada who managed the first scoring chance of the afternoon in the 11th minute as Iain Hume ran onto a ball behind the USA defence, his effort collected by a diving U.S. keeper Steve Cronin. After a brief lull, the USA nearly went ahead on 44 minutes as Eddie Johnson, chested down a cross in the area before firing a missile that beat keeper Karim Alim but hit the woodwork behind him before going over the line for a goal kick. Canada took the lead ten minutes after the interval through Hume, who collected a Kevin Harmse pass in the box and tapped it past Cronin. 15 minutes later, Chris Lemire gave Canada a 2:0 advantage after taking the ball off the foot of U.S. defender Jordan Stone.
Competitions - CONCACAF: The Football Confederation
24.01.03 Mexico defeat USA 31 in final match before World Championship draw.17.11.02 - canada defeat USA, earn last berth to FIFA World Championship.
http://www.concacaf.com/news/article.page/1084

Extractions: Canada, USA deadlocked atop Group B after first day of matches - Canada scored goals on either side of halftime, defeating El Salvador 2:0, while hosts the USA out-muscled Haiti 2:0 to leave the teams tied atop Group B of the FC Under-20 Final Qualifying Tournament at Blackbaud Stadium in Charleston, South Carolina. The top two teams in the group will earn the final CONCACAF berths to the FIFA World Youth Championship United Arab Emirates 2003. Canada controlled their match from the outset, almost taking the early lead on three minutes, Elliott Godfreys shot from the right of the box saved at the last possible second by a diving Walvin Zetino. With Zetino unable to control the rebound, Godfrey was first to the loose ball, but his second effort did not challenge the keeper. As the Maple Leafs continued to maintain pressure in the attacking third of the field, El Salvador looked to open the scoring through the counter-attack, creating their best chance of the first half in the 23rd minute. Midfielder Dennis Alas opened some space for himself behind the Canadian defence, only to see his effort go right at Canada keeper Karim Alim. Having survived the threat, Canada again looked to get on the scoreboard first. Wyn Belotte saw his left-footed blast in the 35th minute sail just left of the goal before Josh Simpsons header hit the woodwork behind Zetino a minute later to maintain the deadlock.
SORIEE'99 - THE CONFEDERATION OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND CANADA
John's with posters reading confederation Means British Union With French canada . together,the anticonfederates were no more effective than before.
http://www.soiree99.nfld.net/historical/48_refer.htm

Extractions: THE CONFEDERATION OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND CANADA: THE 1948 REFERENDUMS The defeat of Smallwood's motion was not unexpected, and after a short delay the British government decided to place confeder-ation on the ballot in spite of the Convention's recom-mendation. Addison pointed out that "it was not the intention that the Convention should in effect be able to decide the issue". The other options would be Commission for a period of five years, and "Responsible Government as it existed in 1933 .... There would be no question at present of the adoption by Newfoundland of the Statute of Westminster or of it assuming Dominion status on the Canadian model." The Canadian gov-ern-ment unofficial-ly welcomed the decision, and the news was made public on 11 March. The EUP campaign began in earnest with the announ-cement of the ballot, and the party soon began to pose a serious threat to the confeder-ates. Its official launch was on 20 March. Ches Crosbie was leader, and his relatives, friends and employees set to work - the Perlin brothers (Albert and Bill), Don Jam-ieson, Bill Crosbie, Andrew Carnell, Lewis Ayre and others. The Herald promoted the cause with enthusiasm. It was immediately clear to the confederates that victory in a second referendum was easily within reach. It was equally clear to many on the other side that there had been more votes against than in favour of responsible government. They had reached a high-water mark, and might well lose rather than gain supporters. In these circum-stances, it would be difficult to maintain morale and enthusi-asm. Others, mainly in the RGL, thought it was the confeder-ates who had reached their peak. Once again, they were wrong. The initiative had passed to the confederates and their allies.
SORIEE'99 - THE CONFEDERATION OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND CANADA
THE confederation OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND canada PARTICIPANTS. Worked in his father'sfirm and in western canada before joining Newfoundland Regiment in 1915.
http://www.soiree99.nfld.net/historical/participants.htm

Extractions: THE CONFEDERATION OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND CANADA: PARTICIPANTS ADDISON, Rt Hon. Christopher (1869-1951) Medical doctor. Elected an MP in 1910. Leader of House of Lords in 1945. Dominions Secretary 1945-47 ATTLEE, Clement R. (1883-1967) Leader of the Labour party; Deputy Prime Minister 1942-45; Dominions Secretary 1942-43; Prime Minister 1945-51. CLUTTERBUCK, Peter A. (1897-?) Career civil servant in Colonial Office from 1922. Secretary to the Amulree royal commission. Senior Dominions Office official with responsibility for Newfoundland, which he visited in 1938 and 1942. High Commissioner to Canada from May 1946 to 1952. CRANBORNE, Lord. Dominions Secretary, 1940-42, 1943-45 MACDONALD, Gordon (1885-1966) A Welsh coal miner, Macdonald was active in the cooperative movement and in the Miners' Federation. He was a Labour MP, 1929-1942, when he became regional controller for North Wales for the Ministry of Fuel and Power. Governor of Newfoundland, 1946-1948. He was rewarded with a peerage. BRADLEY, F. Gordon (1888-1966) B. St. John's. Lawyer
Unusual Heroes: Canadas Prime Ministers And Fathers Of Confederation
just listen. In 1860, seven years before confederation, he said of McGees boldviews, and before long he ideas in the big idea that would become canada.
http://www3.sympatico.ca/farini/peacock/pages/Aexcerpts/UnusualHeroes.html

Extractions: Even as a teenager he was gifted with the ability to excite audiences. He spoke dramatically and with the full power of his amazing brain. And by the time he left the poverty and political problems of Ireland at the age of 17 in 1842 and passed through British North America on his way to the United States, he was ready to unleash his opinions on a bigger audience. He believed that Ireland should be a separate country from England, and that religious and racial minorities had to be treated fairly. The blood of rebellion pulsed inside him. First he lived in the United States, starting two newspapers and publishing more books and passionate poetry. (McGee would eventually be elected to the Royal Irish Academy for authors.) He spoke up for the Irish and tried to help the poor when they came to America. As always, he made as many enemies as friends. But he never really became an American, and in 1857, after being invited to visit Montreal, he found his true home. It seemed his ideas might be listened to in this new place. Giving all his time to his country, McGee lived in near-poverty. Three of his precious children died young, and he suffered the intense pain of poor circulation in his legs, causing him to walk with a cane by the age of 40. At times he drank too much and debated in the taverns, his sharp brain and tongue becoming razorlike, cutting his opponents without mercy and making enemies.
The Articles Of Confederation - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.ne
canada acceding to this confederation, and adjoining in under the authority of Congress,before the assembling pursuance of the present confederation, shall be
http://www.usconstitution.net/articles.html

Extractions: The Articles of Confederation Also see the Constitutional Topics Page for this document, and a comparison of the Articles and the Constitution Contents The Articles of Confederation Agreed to by Congress November 15, 1777; ratified and in force, March 1, 1781. Preamble To all to whom these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting. Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Article I.
BNA 1800s
the War of 1812 (and onwards), Information about life in canada before the war A Chronology,Another table, with dates of events before and during confederation.
http://www.hpedsb.on.ca/sg/quinte/bna_1800s.htm

Extractions: Information about life in Canada before the war of 1812, as well as details about the war. The site is sponsored by the Hamilton and Scourge Society, an organization dedicated to the preservation of two 1812-era warships found near Hamilton, Ontario. Events and Causes of the War of 1812 A table produced by an unknown author: useful as a starting point or summary, but be sure to validate facts with other sources. Events of the War of 1812: A Chronology
History Of Refugees In Canada
In the century before confederation, immigration came from the United States andNorthern in 1847, of 90,000 Irish immigrants coming to canada, 15,000 died
http://www.united-church.ca/jpc/migration/aywm/11.shtm

Extractions: @import "/production/css/secondary.css"; And You Welcomed Me Canada is a land of refugees. Many of us, or our ancestors, came here because of religious intolerance, political repression, economic hardship, or other intolerable circumstances at home. However, Canada has always been very selective about immigration. In the century before Confederation, immigration came from the United States and Northern Europe. The goal was to attract English-speaking settlers and consolidate British sovereignty over the French. Emigration from Britain and northern Europe was risky. For example, in 1847, of 90,000 Irish immigrants coming to Canada, 15,000 died during the journey. The goal in this period was to provide a stable population base to support an industrial economy. Promotional schemes were directed towards Americans and northern Europeans. Free land was offered to farmers who intended to settle and could support themselves through the first harvest. The destitute, infirm and handicapped were not welcome. Canadian entrepreneurs brought Chinese labourers to Canada, particularly to work on the western leg of the railway. As soon as the railway was completed, the federal government passed the Chinese Immigration Act, 1885, which restricted the immigration of Chinese. The government continued to support agricultural immigrants. In this period, 100,000 Ukrainians settled. Doukhobors and Hutterites came from Russia and the US to escape religious persecution. Immigration legislation excluded anyone whose race Cabinet decided was unsuited to the climate or requirements of Canada. That and other changes effectively stopped immigration from China and other Asian countries.
C
quebec patriotic flag before 1900 quebec new westminster, british columbia (canada) canadian sports of defence (brunei) german confederation 1815-1866
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/keywordc.html

Extractions: c-doppelstander occupied germany 1945-1949 c-ensign occupied germany 1945-1949 c npa3ghukom holiday flaglets (soviet union) venezuela - houseflags of venezuelan shipping companies c.m. c.p.o. portuguese republican flags (1910ies) c^a~vas^ assr chuvashia in the soviet union c^eqomin (s. v.) soviet russia (1917-1923) and early flags of russia in the soviet union (1923-1954) c^uvas^kaa^ assr chuvashia in the soviet union c flags of the chilean navy house flags of british shipping companies (4) other house flags of shipping companies (country unknown) schmalkalden-meiningen county (thuringia, germany) caa club atlético aguada (uruguay) caaguazú corrientes province (argentina) cabaj-capor cabaj-cápor, slovakia cabanagem cabanagem revolt (brazil) cabanas cabanas department (el salvador) cabarrus county cabarrus county, north carolina (u.s.) cabbage palm haiti cabbage kaselj (part of ljubljana, slovenia) cabeceiras de basto cabeceiras de basto municipality (portugal) cabezón de la sal municipal flags a-k (cantabria, spain)
Upper Canada Village - School House
and 50s, a series of school acts were passed in canada West creating The driving forcebehind the progress in the three decades before confederation was the Rev
http://www.uppercanadavillage.com/tour22.htm

Extractions: School House During the 1840s and 50s, a series of school acts were passed in Canada West creating a province-wide framework within which a system of common school education could develop. The driving force behind the progress in the three decades before Confederation was the Rev. Egerton Ryerson, a Methodist divine who believed in a government-run system that provided a basic education for all young people, without tuition fees. As the Superintendent of Education in the province, he set up school sections at the local level, with trustees elected to put up buildings and hire teachers, and to collect the necessary local taxes to supplement government grants from the province. A local Superintendent, hired by the Trustees, supervised and reported on the teacher's efficiency, adherence to curriculum and use of approved texts. Most young people attended for at least six or more years and left after completing a basic education in literacy, mathematics, some rudimentary science and history, as well the most important Christian principles of morality and proper behaviour. Bright children whose parents could afford it could, at some point, proceed to Grammar schools who prepared young men for further education or for training in the professions of law, medicine or the church Young ladies from affluent families often attended private schools for young women that specialised in the arts and social graces. In the local Common schools, however, the emphasis was on rote-learning of a set body of knowledge which had to be mastered or memorized to pass the oral examinations conducted by the local Superintendent. Discipline was reinforced by the threat of physical punishment or the use of guilt or public humiliation.
Upper Canada Village - Christ Church
times, a strong religious faith helped settlers cope with the harsh realities oflife in a new land and continued to do so in the decade before confederation.
http://www.uppercanadavillage.com/tour08.htm

Extractions: Christ Church Christ Church was built in 1837 in an aesthetic style known as Picturesque. Although the building reflects that sense of order, symmetry and balance that were the hallmarks of 18th century classicism, the pointed Gothic window arches and decorative trim on the tower add a Romantic touch to the building. The land for the church and the financial support for its construction were given to the Church of England congregation of Moulinette by Adam Dixson, a wealthy, local miller. The first service conducted in the church, before it was actually completed, was for his wife's funeral, and within a year, his own funeral service had also taken place. When visiting the church, visitors can see plain wooden box pews, which, in the early days, were rented by the parishioners. The rear pews and those in the back gallery, were free. The church has a fine melodeon, a reed organ built in 1862 by Samuel Warren of Montreal. There is no cross in the church and no candles on the altar; such things were unacceptable to this congregation in the 1860s. Like so many other community institutions, the church was a meeting place for families, particularly for young people seeking a partner. People were baptised, married and buried all in one location, and the church witnessed the joys and sorrows of life's important events. In earlier, pioneer times, a strong religious faith helped settlers cope with the harsh realities of life in a new land and continued to do so in the decade before Confederation.
Canada In The Making - First Nation's Treaties 1725-1867
Explains the purpose of treaties formed between aboriginal peoples and the British Crown, and later Category Regional North America History Resources category includes all the treaties made before confederation and is referred to asthe Preconfederation Treaties what were Upper and Lower canada (now known
http://www.canadiana.org/citm/treaties/1725-1867.html

Extractions: courtesy of the National Archives of Canada The First Nations Treaties refer to the treaties that were formed between the aboriginal peoples and the British Crown and later the Canadian Government between 1725 and 1923. These treaties can be divided into two categories. The first category includes all the treaties made before Confederation and is referred to as the Pre-Confederation Treaties. These treaties took place predominately in the areas of what were Upper and Lower Canada (now known as Ontario and Quebec respectively), New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Vancouver Islands, which lie on the western coast of British Columbia. The second category of treaties is referred to as the Numbered Treaties, as each treaty is numbered from one to 11. These treaties covered most of the territory of modern day Western Canada. The initial treaties made with the First Nations were based primarily on peace and trade rather than the acquisition of land. It was the Royal Proclamation of 1763 that changed the terms of agreements in the treaties. Under the proclamation, a 'separate Indian territory' was established. This territory was to remain under British administration, and there was to be no white settlement allowed on these lands. Settlement was only permitted in instances where the Crown had legally acquired the title through purchase or treaty with the aboriginal peoples.
History 1313 X1
canada before It Was canada (Charlottetown Indigo Press, 2002). R. Douglas Francis,Donald B. Smith (eds.), Readings in Canadian History Preconfederation (
http://ace.acadiau.ca/history/dbaldwin/classes/hist13132002.htm

Extractions: This course examines the history of Canada to Confederation in 1867. In particular, it explores the impact of European contact on the Native Peoples, the historical roots of the French-English conflict in Canada from 1759 to 1867, the origins of our present system of government, and the social life of everyday Canadians. The lectures examine the major themes, personalities, and interpretations of our past. The Dean Gugg textbook provides the chronological overview necessary to place the lectures in context, and the Francis/Smith text offers in-depth articles on significant topics in our history. In addition to acquainting you with Canadian history, this course concentrates on developing your skills in research, analysis, and writing.
Oxford University Press
Unit 1 confederation 1. Just before confederation 2. The 6. The Nation Expands 7.confederation Update Unit 2 The Development of Western canada 8. Trouble at
http://www.oup.com/ca/isbn/0-19-541478-0
Draft Essay Questions
of the St Lawrence is a central theme in Canadian history before confederation. Describeand account for the gender order of nineteenth century English canada.
http://www.brandonu.ca/Library/archives/essay_questionsf02.htm

Extractions: Draft Essay Questions 54-155 Canada to Confederation 2002 In Canada prior to European contact, Canadas First Nations evolved a remarkable adaptation to the harsh North American environment. Describe this adaptation using examples from culture regions in different parts of the country. Account for and describe the European Age of Discovery. Why did Europeans engage in discovery and colonization? What made these activities possible? What role did the French and British play in the expansion of Europe in the years before 1600? Bruce Trigger has argued that explanations of the early history of Canada that stress the role of staples exploitation and metropolitan forces in shaping the country's history ignore the dominate role of aboriginal Canadians in the history of Canada prior to 1660. Do you agree with Trigger? Why? Harold Innis argued that Canadian history was about the growth of societies centered on the exploitation of staple commodities such as fish and fur. Does the staples thesis provide a satisfactory explanation for the early British and French exploration and settlement (or lack thereof) of Canada in the years before 1760?
Div
authority of the Parliament of canada. However section 129 of that Act allowed provincesthat had established divorce courts before confederation to continue
http://members.shaw.ca/hughlarmstrong/divintro.htm

Extractions: To 1791 the region along the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes was the Province of Quebec. The Constitution Act of 1791 divided this province into Upper Canada and Lower Canada and established Legislative Assemblies to govern each area under the authority of a Governor. The Constitutional Act laid out responsibilities and powers of the Governor and the Assemblies but made no mention of marriage or divorce. The Colonial Office sent the Governor of Upper Canada and Lower Canada, Lord Dorchester, instructions detailing the administrative process that would be followed in the provinces. These included divorce powers: INSTRUCTIONS TO LORD DORCHESTER AS GOVERNOR OF LOWER AND UPPER CANADA - 16 Sep 1791 '17. Whereas We have thought fit by Our Orders in Our Privy Council to disallow certain Laws passed in some of Our Colonies and Plantations in America, for conferring the Privileges of Naturalization on Persons being Aliens, and for divorcing Persons who have been legally joined together in Holy Marriage - And Whereas Acts have been passed in others of Our Colonies, to enable Persons who are Our liege Subjects by Birth or Naturalization,.. ..... It is Our Will and Pleasure, that you do not upon any pretence whatsoever give your Assent to any Bill or Bills that may hereafter be passed by the Legislative Council and Assembly of the Province under your Government for the Naturalization of Aliens, nor for the Divorce of Persons joined together in Holy Marriage ....'
Canadian History, Canada's Vast History Presented In A Fun And Easy Format
Important Moments in Canadian History prehistorypresent Overview of importantmoments in canada's history from before confederation to present day.
http://www.canhistory.netfirms.com/links.html

Extractions: A wealth of information on the Social Credit Party, he emigrated largely due to his parent's involvement in the "Social Credit" philosophy. Martin was involved with the Social Credit movement when he came to canada and worked with Ernst Manning during the height of the Social Credit Party's leadership.
Outline
and economic influences of both France and Britain on preconfederation canada, thiscourse will pay particular attention to the peopling of canada before 1867
http://online.ucfv.bc.ca/public/Online/Course_Listings/Intro_Pages/hist101.htm

Extractions: Welcome to History 101 My name is Robin Anderson, and I will be your online "Learning Facilitator" for the course. Please read this page carefully because it contains important information about the major topics to be covered by the course and how I want the course to work. Contact Me Course Requirements Required Textbooks Major Themes History 101 is a survey of the major themes in Canadian economic, political and cultural history before 1867. This course, along with History 102 (Post-Confederation Canada), constitute the two basic survey courses for students in Canadian history. History 101 will cover the following topics: Debates surrounding Native origins to the Americas The changing purposes of the 'new world' by European powers Nature of contact and interaction between Native people and Europeans Relative influences of the 'old world' and the 'new world' in shaping life in New France Continuity and change in the roles of women
Celebrating 150 Years In Canada
The History of the YMCA in canada. the washing machine, before the Klondike GoldRush, the first commercial oil well and even before confederation, there was
http://www.vanymca.org/NoFrame/150th.html

Extractions: The YMCA is a charitable association dedicated to the development of people in spirit, mind and body as well as the improvement of local, national and international communities. Caring Honesty Respect Responsibility Canadian YMCAs and YMCA-YWCAs celebrated 2001 with good cause! The year 2001 marked the 150th anniversary of the first YMCA in Canada, started in Montreal in 1851. Before the invention of the telephone, the streetcar and the washing machine, before the Klondike Gold Rush, the first commercial oil well and even before Confederation, there was the YMCA. Now 150 years later, YMCAs are celebrating a legacy of building strong kids, families and communities that's as strong as ever. Inspired by the successful work of the YMCAs in England, several young men opened the first Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Canada (and in North America) in Montreal on November 25, 1851. What started as a place of friendship, support and encouragement for putting Christian principles into practice, today's YMCAs are open to girls and boys, and women and men of all ages, faiths, abilities and backgrounds. Growing up with Canada, the YMCA provided the first adult night schools, founded universities, and built the first libraries, job search centres, and gymnasiums. It went to war four times with Canadian troops to provide social, recreational and morale support along with monitoring the treatment of prisoners of war.

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