Geometry.Net - Basic_C: Co-generation Energy

UNSW: The University Of New South Wales - Sydney Australia
Mr Robert Grimmett, UNSW energy Manager, said the cogeneration systemat the pool could save up to 710 tonnes of CO2 per year.
http://www.unsw.edu.au/news/pad/articles/2002/oct/energyaward.html

Extractions: "I believe that co-generation has the potential to make the single largest (immediate) contribution to our greenhouse targets, and further reduce our energy costs," said the Vice-Chancellor, Professor Wyatt R. Hume, who accepted the award from the New South Wales Minister for Energy, Kim Yeadon. Co-generation at the swimming pool was a pilot project for larger scale installations on campus, according to Mr Simon Ruben, the Manager of UNSW Engineering Services. The co-generation plant is integrated into the existing solar heating system and operates as a hybrid co-generation/solar heating system. Presently, the annual UNSW energy bill is $5 million and rising. Co-generation and photovoltaic cells will increasingly be installed, with participation from Photovoltaic and Solar Energy Engineering students, in a move to environmentally friendly energy. Other energy-saving activities on campus include solar water heating, unswitch promotions (which encourage the turning off of computers and monitors overnight) and upgrading the Library airconditioning system to become more efficient.
Energy Sector Data Electricity Natural Gas International Affairs
el Ahorro de Energía CONAE, National Commission for energy Conservation titledPotencial Nacional de Cogeneración National cogeneration Potential, the
http://www.energia.gob.mx/wb/distribuidor.jsp?seccion=873
Assiting Organisations (PEDA)
POWER GENERATION FROM URBAN/ INDUSTRIAL WASTE. PROMOTION DEVELOPMENTOF cogeneration. INTEGRATED RURAL energy PROGRAMME (IREP).
http://punjabgovt.nic.in/Industry/ind557.htm

Extractions: The government of any country or state should ideally be the foremost practitioner of safe environmental practices that serves as an example to others to follow. Thus Punjab Energy Development Agency was formed in September 1991 as a nodal agency for promotion and development of non-conventional and renewable energy programmes or projects in the State of Punjab. The mission statement of Punjab Energy Development Agency says a lot about itself "PEDA - Working towards a Sustainable Energy future" With growing energy demand and concern for depletion of conventional fuel resources and associated environmental pollution, there is an urgent need to develop alternative non-conventional sources of energy in Punjab. The state is fortunately favourably endowed in this regard. The Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) has recently been set up to give a fillip to these technology areas in the state. Objectives: Promotion and development/implementation of alternative nonconventional Energy technologies programmes/projects.
11/00 - CO-GENERATION USING TURBINES
I attended a seminar on cogeneration and micro-turbines This technology began aroundtwelve years ago, however the results in co-generating energy are the same
http://www.pagelinx.com/nyarm/nov00/turbines.html
FAQ
Does ENERGIESTRO produce free energy ? No, the principle of energy conservationis not violated! A fuel must always be provided. What is cogeneration ?
http://www.energiestro.com/us/faq.htm

Extractions: Does ENERGIESTRO produce free energy ? What is co-generation ? What is biodiesel ? How does a flywheel store energy ? ... When will it be possible to buy an ENERGIESTRO system ? No, the principle of energy conservation is not violated! A fuel must always be provided. The interest of the ENERGIESTRO system is to allow a much more efficient use of this fuel than with existing systems, thanks in particular to the cogeneration. A conventional power plant runs at a global efficiency rate of 30%, which means that 70% of the fuel used is wasted as heat dissipated in the environment. Cogeneration also called Combined Heat and Power or CHP- simply consists in using this heat instead of getting rid of it. However, since it is more difficult to transport heat than electricity, cogeneration is only possible when electricity is produced locally i.e. in the building itself. Thanks to cogeneration , more than 80% of the fuel can be used, which considerably reduces consumption, and consequently operating cost. With fossil fuels
Co-generation, Ethanol Production And CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Model For Env
cogeneration, Ethanol Production and CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery a Modelfor Environmentally and Economically Sound Linked energy Systems.
http://aapg.confex.com/aapg/hu2002/techprogram/paper_43623.htm

Extractions: Martin K. Dubois , Petroleum Research Section, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, phone: 785-864-2178, fax: 785-864-5317, mdubois@kgs.ukans.edu, Scott W. White, Energy Research Center, Kansas Geological Survey, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, and Timothy R. Carr, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047. An electrical co-generation, ethanol fuel production and carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project in central Kansas is a unique scalable model for linked energy systems. Waste heat from a 15-megawatt gas-fired turbine municipal generator provides heat inputs for a 25 million gallon per year ethanol plant. Carbon dioxide, a fermentation process byproduct of ethanol production, will be utilized by a CO2 miscible flood demonstration project. Efficiencies gained in byproduct utilization and energy use by linking traditional and alternative energy systems enhance the economics of each while creating environmental benefits through geologic sequestration of CO2. The Kansas project is the first to use CO2 emissions from ethanol production in an EOR project. The full CO2 stream from this single ethanol plant could supply a small commercial project capable of producing five million barrels of oil and sequestering 1.5 million tons of CO2 over twenty years. Currently the U.S. ethanol industry is directly, or indirectly, releasing five million tons of CO2 per year to the atmosphere. However, ethanol production (and associated CO2 emissions) is projected to double by the year 2005 as ethanol replaces MTBE as a gasoline oxygenate. Through linked systems of power generation, ethanol production and CO2 enhanced oil recovery, opportunities exist for "value added" geologic CO2 sequestration. Strategically locating and scaling "Kansas models" near CO2 EOR target reservoirs that are distant from traditional geologic CO2 sources could add significant EOR reserves throughout the U.S., strengthen the ethanol industry and cost-effectively sequester CO2.
Encyclopedia Of Desalination And Water ResourcesCo-generation
Exergetics and Desalination Special Design Aspects of cogeneration Units Steam SteamGenerators Modes of Operation Perspectives of Nuclear energy For Seawater
http://www.desware.net/desware/des28.asp

Extractions: Subscribe Online Y.M. El-Sayed Mathematical Modelling for short Term Operation Planning of Cogeneration Systems D. Herrmann, Y.M. Hamud Mathematical Modelling for Long Term Expansion Planning of cogeneration Systems Y.M. Hamud, D.Hermann On Exergetics, Economics and Desalination Goran Wall, Mei Gong Special Design Aspects of Co-generation Units J.P.Ninan, B. Khan Perspectives of Nuclear Energy For Seawater Desalination Jurgen Kupitz A Thermodynamic Approach to the Synthesis of Thermal Desalination Processes N.J. Scenna, P.A. Aguirre Second Law-based Analysis Modeling a system for performance/cost analysis Manual improvement of systems Automated improvement for a given system structure Application From Optimal design to optimal operation Mathematical Modelling for short Term Operation Planning of Cogeneration Systems Problem Formulation Operation Costs Unit Commitment Load Dispatch Mathematical Modelling for Long Term Expansion Planning of cogeneration Systems Problem Formulation Existing System and Supply Options Objective Function and Constraints Solution Methods On Exergetics, Economics and Desalination
Innovative Co-generation System Saves College $1,200 - $1,500 A Day
But church officials found an innovative answer to their energysaving prayers ina unique, award-wining chilled water system that was designed by Carpenter
http://www.bellgossett.com/Stories/ChurchCuts.html

Extractions: Situated on a campus-like 100-acre site, Carpenter Home Church in Lakeland, Fla., has a sanctuary the size of three football fields (167,000 sq. ft.) that seats 10,000. The overall church building complex includes three multi-story buildings and covers some 300,000 square feet. Within the structure are an elementary school, cafeteria, radio and television stations, a bookstore, foreign ministry and administrative offices. When construction plans were being finalized in 1984, church officials became concerned about the cost of cooling such a large facility via conventional electric air conditioning methods. City of Lakeland officials told church administrators that monthly electricity charges could approach $35,000. Basic electric charges averaged 4.7 cents per kilowatt hour, but peak rates in the area surged to 7.36 cents per kilowatt hour. So, utility costs alone for a special event in the sanctuary could add up to several thousand dollars. I've always been interested in reducing utility costs because they're recurring costs, said Joe Perez, Carpenter Home's general manager. We couldn't do much about the fixed unit cost of electricity, but we thought the peak demand charges could be reduced through a more efficient use of natural gas energy.
10th Anniversary Home Utilities; Generation Distribution
CU powerhouse uses natural gas as the main source of energy. cogeneration plantsutilize the waste exhaust gases to generates high pressure steam that is used
http://spot.colorado.edu/~cupower/aboutus/10anniv/10thanniversary.html

Extractions: Original architectural drawing of powerplant concept. Signed by architect but non-dated. Discover the history of the power house. Since the end of the 19th century to the 21st century, its original plan and how it has change together with technology for a more efficient clean power and utilities generation. A power plant that produces electricity and process-heat also known as a cogeneration plant. Cogeneration is the production of more than one useful form of energy from the same source of energy.
Energy Solutions From Sempra Energy
Sempra
http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.sempra.com/&y=0280D99916D8BF
ENERGY FACTS: COGENERATION
In Canada and most industrialized countries, the biggest single wastage of energyoccurs at power plants when fossil fuels are burned to produce electricity.
http://www.iclei.org/efacts/cogen.htm

Extractions: Figure 1 illustrates the increase in efficiency. In Case A, 100 units of fuel produce 40 units of electricity (40% efficiency). In Case B, 200 units of fuel produce 40 units of electricity and 120 units of heat (80% efficiency). The concept of cogeneration can be applied to power plants of any size, from 'micro cogen' units for individual houses to full size grid connected utility generating stations. Micro cogen units ( FIGURE 1: Comparison between energy inputs to separate and combined heating and electric power generation systems (44K).
Distributed Generation And Solar Energy
Comparison of Solar energy with other Distributed Generation energy Sources
http://www.solarbuzz.com/DistributedGeneration.htm

Extractions: Solar Energy is often talked of in the context of other Renewable Energy technologies that also have Distributed Energy Generation potential. Distributed Generation is defined as the generation of energy close to the point of use. Distributed generation typically ranges from 1 kilowatt to 5 Megawatts in capacity. This contrasts with Central Generation , which is associated with large 500 to 3000 Megawatt generating plants that are usually located at a distance from where the energy is consumed. The electricity is then transported through the transmission and distribution infrastructure to the customer/user. Distributed generation has these advantages: it can reduce or avoid the necessity to build new transmission/distribution lines or upgrade existing ones it can be configured to meet peak power needs it can diversify the range of energy sources in use and increase the reliability of the grid network it can be configured to provide premium power, when coupled with uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
Delegación De La Comisión Europea Para Colombia Y Ecuador, Delegation Of The E
What's new? Commission proposes cogeneration Directive to save energyand combat climate change. A proposal for a Directive aimed
http://www.delcol.cec.eu.int/en/whatsnew/new_0.htm

Extractions: Europa The European Union in the World Delegations The European Commission's Delegation to Colombia and Ecuador [EN] - ES home what's new? links ... EU Guide What's new? Commission proposes co-generation Directive to save energy and combat climate change A proposal for a Directive aimed at saving energy and combating climate change by promoting the co-generation of heat and power was presented by the European Commission today. Co-generation is a technique through which heat and electricity are produced in one single process. New co-generation plants save at least 10% of the fuel otherwise used for separate production of heat and electricity. "We are determined to continue meeting the challenges of energy security of supply and climate change we set in the November 2000 Energy Green Paper " said Vice President Loyola de Palacio, Commissioner for Energy and Transport. "This new proposal would help limit the growing external dependence for energy and harmful greenhouse gases emissions. It complements the Renewable Directive and our recent proposals on energy efficiency in buildings and biofuels, in setting up a new regulatory framework to encourage energy saving and the use of new energies". The production of electricity through co-generation represented 11% of the Union's total electricity production in 1998, leading to energy savings comparable to the annual gross energy consumption of Austria or Greece. The potential for co-generation is however much greater and huge energy savings could be made if high efficient techniques were more widespread. If, for example, the co-generation share in electricity production increased to 18% of total electricity supply, energy savings in the range of 3-4% of the Union's total gross inland energy consumption could be yielded. Subsequent reductions in greenhouse gases emissions could amount to 65 million tonnes of CO2/year, which would go a considerable way towards meeting the Union's Kyoto commitment .
Report ECN BS: Can Dutch Co-generation Survive Threats Of The Liberalisation Of
As many parties have an interest in reducing the negative effects of a liberalisedenergy market on cogeneration, approaches are sought to improve the cost
http://www.ecn.nl/library/reports/2000e/rx00027.html
Implementing Decentralized Co-generation: The Frankfurt Case Study
Study demonstrated that with adequate general economic conditions - local energyagencies could assist to improve implementation of co-generation facilities
http://www.managenergy.net/products/R163.htm

Extractions: Case Study (57 Kb) Introduction As one of the founders of "Climate Alliance", a group of municipalities in Europe formed to protect the climate, Frankfurt am Main decided in 1991 to set a global objective of cutting CO by 50% till 2010. To organize the process of CO2 reduction and to develop an energy concept for Frankfurt, the "Energiereferat" was founded as a local energy agency in 1989. To achieve the ambitious goal on CO2-reduction, activities concentrated on the following areas: Summary of Results Experience in Frankfurt demonstrated that co-generation could assist communities in reducing CO -emissions and improving energy efficiency. The 53 plants in operation reduce CO2 in Frankfurt by more than 60.000 tons per annum.
Farella Braun + Martel LLP
In addition, the California energy crisis has caused many companies to consider developingcogeneration facilities to avoid business interruption from rolling
http://www.fbm.com/practice/energy_bus.html

Extractions: Business emerging growth energy family wealth group ... Contact / Location Farella Braun + Martel is at the forefront of finding management solutions for corporate and institutional clients responding to the California energy crisis. To the complex energy problems facing our state, Farella brings its trial, insurance, environmental, land use, construction, transactional and insolvency law expertise. The firm represents the California Independent System Operator (Cal ISO) on matters from litigation to strategic consulting. For Cal ISO, the firm successfully enjoined energy suppliers from reneging on obligations to supply power at the height of this winter's shortages. We represent Cal ISO in a variety of lawsuits, testing various aspects of California's energy deregulation scheme and energy crisis responses. Farella represents numerous clients faced with termination of or unilateral changes to their direct access power supply contracts. For example, the firm represents both the University of California and the California State University systems in enforcing their direct access electrical power agreement with Enron. We also represent claimants in bankruptcy proceedings arising out of the current crisis and our insurance group advises clients on negotiating and enforcing coverage for energy disruption claims. In addition, the California energy crisis has caused many companies to consider developing co-generation facilities to avoid business interruption from rolling blackouts, reduce the impact of escalating electric rates, and promote energy self-sufficiency. Co-generation can provide reliable back-up power for many companies and, for some, can become a primary source of power, even providing marketable excess energy. The firm represents several clients active in creating or joint venturing co-generation facilities or components. We also have extensive experience in power plant construction agreements and claims arising from the design, building and performance of electrical generation facilities throughout the world. Legal services the firm provides for the development of co-generation facilities include:
Commission Press Room
IP/02/1124. Brussels, 23 July 2002. Commission proposes cogenerationDirective to save energy and combat climate change. A proposal
http://www.europa-kommissionen.dk/eu-politik/noegleomraader/energi/kraft-varme-p

Extractions: en fr document.write('EnglishFrançais'); Europa European Commission Press Room Press releases RAPID database Midday Express Recent press releases Search the press release database Search with username ... About this service EU Institutions press releases Select a Topic Query Institutional Questions Administrative Reform Transport and Energy Competition Policy Agriculture and Fisheries Enterprise and Information Society Internal Market Research Economic and Monetary Affairs Development and Humanitarian Aid Enlargement External Relations Trade Health and Consumer Protection Regional Policy Education and Culture Budget Environment Justice and Home Affairs Employment and Social Affairs Commission proposes co-generation Directive to save energy and combat climate change DN: IP/02/1124 Date: 23/07/2002 TXT: FR EN DE ES PDF: FR EN DE ES DOC: FR EN DE ES IP/02/1124 Brussels, 23 July 2002
CHP
2. An inherent property of the steam cycle is that much of the heat energy containedin the steam cannot be converted to electricity but must be rejected as low
http://carnot-online.org/Case_Studies/CHP/chp.html

Extractions: An inherent property of the steam cycle is that much of the heat energy contained in the steam cannot be converted to electricity but must be rejected as low-grade heat to cooling water. In conventional power generation, up to two thirds of the energy input can be lost in this way. In combined heat and power (CHP) or cogeneration systems, low-grade heat generated in the process is recovered and utilised via suitable heat recovery equipment for a range of purposes including industrial processes, district heating and space heating. In the most optimised applications, a CHP plant can also export electricity to another user. This can result in considerable energy savings. Due to the utilisation of heat from electricity generation and the avoidance of transmission losses because electricity is generated on site, CHP typically achieves 35% reduction in primary energy usage compared with power stations and heat-only boilers. This can allow the host organisation to make economic savings where there is a suitable balance between heat and power loads. However, CHP can represent a considerable investment and, to maximise the benefits, the system must meet the heat demand for the application it serves. For most users CHP needs careful examination during the feasibility stage. A further benefit of the reduced energy requirement is the pro-rata reduction in carbon dioxide (CO ), sulphur dioxide (SO
Links
energy Analysis and Policy, IES Seminar Spring 2002 UWMadison energy issues co-generationpower plant, dorm energy conservation contest, campus energy use
http://www.fpm.wisc.edu/campusecology/links.htm
3500 MW CAN BE GENERATED THROUGH CO-GENERATION: SECRETARY, NON-CONVENTIONAL ENER
3500 MW CAN BE GENERATED THROUGH cogeneration SECRETARY, NON-CONVENTIONALENERGY SEVERAL co-generation PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP IN NINTH PLAN.
http://www.ciionline.org/news/pressrel/2000/MAR/0401.htm

Extractions: CII News Press Releases : 2000 : MARCH 3500 MW CAN BE GENERATED THROUGH CO-GENERATION: SECRETARY, NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SEVERAL CO-GENERATION PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP IN NINTH PLAN 3500 MW of power could be produced through co-generation if all the sugar mills in the country switched over to modern co-generation techniques, said Mr. N.N. Mookerjee, Secretary, Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India at a "National Workshop on Co-Generation" jointly organised by CII and the MNES today. This workshop is concurrent with CII's Sugar Tech 2000 exposition being held in New Delhi from 2nd to 5th March, 2000. Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh can produce 1000 MW of power each through bagasse co-generation, Mr. Mookerjee added. Co-generation projects comparable favourably in cost with conventional energy projects, Mr. Mookerjee pointed out. The capital cost for these projects range from Rs. 2.5. crore per MW to Rs. 3.5 crore per MW, and the unit cost of generation ranges from Rs. 1.50 to Rs. 2.75 per unit. Costs could be further reduced in cases where a higher plant load factor is generated through longer availability of bagasse and alternative biomass, he added. Surplus power generation through sugar mills did not receive as much importance as it deserved until 1994, said Mr. Mookerjee, as at that time there was not a large market for the power produced. The MNES has worked actively with state governments, State Electricity Boards, sugar mills and financial institutions to create an enabling atmosphere for the growth of power through co-generation, he said. There are several schemes and incentives in place for co-generation projects now, at both the Central and State level, Mr. Mookerjee added.

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