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This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Pollution, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this study, we tested the effect of a physico-chemical pretreatment on contaminant removal efficiency in two experimental horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs). One SSF CW was fed with settled urban wastewater, whereas the other with the same wastewater after it had undergone a physico-chemical pretreatment. The SSF CWs were operated with three different hydraulic retention times. During the experiments the effluent concentrations of COD, ammonia N and sulfate were very similar, and, therefore, the physico-chemical pretreatment did not improve the quality of the effluents. COD removal efficiency (as percentage or mass surface removal rate) was slightly greater in the SSF CW fed with pretreated wastewater. Ammonia N removal efficiency was, in general, similar in both SSF CWs and very high (80-90%). At the end of the experiments it was observed that in the SSF CW fed with settled wastewater the hydraulic conductivity decreased by a 20%. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Desalination, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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This study was conducted to understand fouling formation and effect of PAC addition in a hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane integrated with adsorption. Daily carbon accumulation rate and carbon mass load to UF module were estimated to be about 10 mg/L and 117 g/m^2.d, respectively, however carbon build-up within the PAC-UF membrane was not so significant during 76 days operation and was locally limited to inlet and outlet of module, which were vertical to direction of linear velocity. Carbon addition had scouring effect on large particles and could prevent particles larger than 6 @mm from depositing on the hollow fibers. Organic amount extracted from the PAC-UF was almost half that from the UF, due to reduction of organic load by carbon adsorption. PAC addition also imparted an entrapping effect on metal ions within PAC, however PAC remained from incomplete backwash increased amount of inorganic foulant extracted from the PAC-UF. Reversible resistance by particles and carbons was the greatest by 54% of total reversible resistance, followed by inorganic (33%) and organic foulants (13%). More deliberate strategies such as sufficient backwashing pressure, greater linear velocity, feed water direction and module design can be expected to alleviate cake formation through this investigation. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Environmental Management, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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This study was conducted to investigate microbial organisms that can be used for preventing clogging in drip irrigation systems caused by biological factors. A total of 25 fungi isolate and 121 bacterial strains were isolated from water samples collected from drip irrigation systems in tomato greenhouses in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey in the spring season of 2001. Biological clogging of emitters in a model drip irrigation system was experimentally caused by application of the microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) isolated in the study. Three antagonistic bacterial strains in the genus Bacillus spp (ERZ, OSU-142) and Burkholdria spp (OSU-7) were used for treatment of biological clogging of the emitters. The results showed that the antagonistic bacterial strains tested have the potential to be used as anti-clogging agents for treatment of emitters in drip irrigation system. This is the first study that demonstrated that antagonistic microorganisms can be utilized for treatment of clogging in drip irrigation systems. ... Read more

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A Magazine Dedicated to Old-Time Music. Some of the Contents: In Praise of Banjo Picking Women.In the British Isles.Oscar Roberson: Lean Mean Clogging Machine.One Dime Blues: An Interview with Etta Baker. and more ... Read more