Product Description
The dramatic evolution of catalytic converters in the last thirty years was a result of a need worldwide to reduce pollution created by the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Environmental concerns have led American, Japanese and European Union (EU) legislation to pose continuously stricter emission limits for petrol engines in the last decades. The catalytic converter has become the most important means of exhaust treatment to achieve the desired emission limits. The international legislation has also created a need for a regular assessment of the efficiency of the catalytic converter in order to detect a deterioration of its conversion efficiency as soon as this deterioration takes place. The assessment of conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter can take place during normal driving of a vehicle (on-board diagnosis or OBD) or in a workshop by specialized technicians. The most important methods nowadays are the OBD methods. The evolution of methods concerned with OBD and non-OBD monitoring and diagnosing of efficiency of catalytic converters of internal combustion engines is described based on patents and published patent applications. Non-patent references are also used. The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated.

The book is divided into four parts. The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or air/fuel exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter. The second part describes methods involving the use of temperature sensors to determine the exothermic reaction capacity of a catalytic converter. The third part describes all other methods existing in patent literature that monitor and diagnose the efficiency of catalytic converters. The great majority of the methods of the third part involves exhaust gas concentration measurements. The fourth part comprises a general discussion of all methods described.

In the beginning of each part, a short introduction is given to explain the problem that the methods attempt to solve. The methods in each part are presented in chronological order per patent applicant. This helps to evaluate how the patent applicant has improved his methods over time. A patent number index with information about the patent applicants, inventors, priorities and patent-families, an inventor index, a company index and a subject index can be found at the end of the book.
... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

A work of painstaking patience
Dr Sideris has painstakingly sieved through enormous amounds of information contained in patents in order to select from them and present in an organised and structured way the state of the art for the technologyin this field and the separate contributions of the companiesinvolved.

The book brings up to date anyone interested in the field ofCatalytic Converter technology.

It would be particularly useful for theuse of engineering and science students who are interested in this area aswell as for people already working in it that need to have a consisereference covering all the technology and easy to consult.

PT ... Read more

Product Description
On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines in India face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines to India? How important is India compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines vary from one country of origin to another in India? On the supply side, India also exports parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines. Which countries receive the most exports from India? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines in India. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines for those countries serving India via exports, or supplying from India via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where India fits into the world market for imported and exported parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for India in particular, is estimated using a model which ... Read more

Product Description
On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on static converters and rectifiers in the United States face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying static converters and rectifiers to the United States? How important is the United States compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of static converters and rectifiers vary from one country of origin to another in the United States? On the supply side, the United States also exports static converters and rectifiers. Which countries receive the most exports from the United States? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for static converters and rectifiers in the United States. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for static converters and rectifiers for those countries serving the United States via exports, or supplying from the United States via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where the United States fits into the world market for imported and exported static converters and rectifiers. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for the United States in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is ... Read more

Product Description
CMOS Telecom Data Converters compiles the latest achievements regarding the design of high-speed and high-resolution data converters in deep submicron CMOS technologies. The four types of analog-to-digital converter architectures commonly found in this arena are covered, namely sigma-delta, pipeline, folding/interpolating and flash. For all these types, latest achievements regarding the solution of critical architectural and circuital issues are presented, and illustrated through IC prototypes with measured state-of-the-art performances. Some of these prototypes are conceived to be employed at the chipset of newest generation wireline modems (ADSL and ADSL+). Others are intended for wireless transceivers. Besides analog-to-digital converters, the book also covers other functions needed for communication systems, such as digital-to-analog converters, analog filters, programmable gain amplifiers, digital filters, and line drivers.
... Read more

Product Description

This book analyses different A/D-converter architectures with an emphasis on the maximum achievable power efficiency. It also provides an accessible overview of the state-of-the art in calibration techniques for Nyquist A/D converters. The calibration techniques presented are applicable to other analog-to-digital systems, such as those applied in integrated receivers. They allow implementation without introducing a speed or power penalty.

Product Description
On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes in Japan face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes to Japan? How important is Japan compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes vary from one country of origin to another in Japan? On the supply side, Japan also exports television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes. Which countries receive the most exports from Japan? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes in Japan. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes for those countries serving Japan via exports, or supplying from Japan via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where Japan fits into the world market for imported and exported television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes. The total level of imports and exports on ... Read more

Product Description
This is a mathematical book and you must find the addition of two numbers with the given hint and the addition. f.e. you have the question 1 : ( - 1 - ) + ( - 1 - ) = 828 (see first book Questions)and you have to find the answer 1 : 216 + 612 = 828 (see second book Solutions) ... Read more

Product Description
This is a mathematical book and you must find the addition of two numbers (each one with eight digits) with the given hint of four digitsand the sum of the two numbers. f.e. you have the question 1 : ( - 2 6 - - - - - ) + ( - - - - 8 6 - - ) = 86776668and you have to find the answer 1 : 12688050+74088621= 86776668 ... Read more

Product Description
This report was created for strategic planners, international executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. I do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners approaching the world market face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines? What is the dollar value of these imports? How much do the imports of parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines vary from one country to another? Do exporters serving the world market have similar market shares across the importing countries? Which countries supply the most exports of parts of metalworking converters, ladles, ingot molds, and casting machines? Which countries are buying their exports? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers? ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

NAME:KIMSOOHWAN
KAPE ... Read more

Product Description
On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners approaching the market in North America & the Caribbean face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying static converters and rectifiers to North America & the Caribbean? What is the dollar value of these imports? How much do the imports of static converters and rectifiers vary from one country to another in North America & the Caribbean? Do exporters serving the market in North America & the Caribbean have similar market shares across the importing countries? On the supply side, North America & the Caribbean also sells to the international market of static converters and rectifiers. Which countries in North America & the Caribbean supply the most exports of static converters and rectifiers? Which countries are buying their exports? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for static converters and rectifiers in North America & the Caribbean. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for static converters and rectifiers for those countries serving North America & the Caribbean via exports or supplying from North America & the Caribbean via imports. We do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where North America & the Caribbean fits into the world market for imported and exported static converters and rectifiers. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for North America ... Read more

Product Description
MACC 2001 is the successor meeting of the first international conference on Materials Aspects in Automotive Catalytic Converters, MACC '97, and concentrates on the high-temperature mechanical and oxidation behaviour of both metal-supported and ceramic-supported automotive catalysts. The metal-supported catalyst is based on a ferritic steel with 5-8% aluminium, 17-22hromium and small additions of reactive elements. More than 20,000,000 units were produced in 1999. The ceramic-supported catalytic converter is based on corderite. The production rate of ceramic-supported catalysts is much higher. Both materials have specific advantages and disadvantages which determine the application for a given car model.
In addition to these two basic groups of catalytic carriers, the scope of the conference also refers to coating aspects, since the influence of the coating composition is becoming more and more important. The car and car-supplying industries report on their future requirements with respect to performance and service life. Maintaining good performance is mandatory particularly in the view of thinner supports and higher temperatures. Service life predictions, based on modelling and simulation techniques, will depend on reliable materials' data. This volume will therefore be invaluable to all scientists and engineers involved in the design and development of automotive catalysts. ... Read more