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Synchrotron radiation has led to many innovations in material and life sciences. The construction of huge facilities such as SPring-8 was a trend in the 20th century. Recently, big efforts have been made to downsize the light source. It is expected that powerful portable X-ray sources will change the paradigm of the X-ray business and open up completely new research fields that were impossible before.

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A textbook for the senior undergraduate or graduate student beginning a serious study of X-ray crystallography. It will be of interest both to those intending to become professional crystallographers and to those physicists, chemists, biologists, geologists, metallurgists and others who will use it as a tool in their research. All major aspects of crystallography are covered--the geometry of crystals and their symmetry, theoretical and practical aspects of diffracting X-rays by crystals and how the data may be analyzed to find the symmetry of the crystal and its structure. Includes recent advances such as the synchrotron as a source of X-rays, methods of solving structures from power data and the full range of techniques for solving structures from single-crystal data. Computer programs are provided for carrying out many operations of data-processing and solving crystal structures including by direct methods. These programs are required for many of the examples given at the end of each chapter but can be used to create new examples by which students can test themselves or each other. ... Read more

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first course in the field
For an undergraduate wanting a first course in crystallography, Woolfson furnishes an eloquent read. The text covers all the salient topics needed for a general understanding of the field. A combination of theory and experiment.

Thus the explanations of the Bravais lattice and the theory of finite groups. With 230 space groups. The 7 basic crystal structures, from orthogonal to trigonal and others, are easy to understand if you follow the descriptions and think in terms of axes of symmetry. The maths level in the book is not too challenging, if you have had a course in quantum mechanics.

The experimental sections of the book deal with how to prepare samples. Single crystal or powder. And then the various apparatus configurations and the resultant data. The analysis of that data is now very highly developed and heavily computational. But the principles of the analysis are straightforward.

Don't worry about the book being 10 years old. It's an introductory text and the gist of the material hasn't changed significantly for decades. ... Read more

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This book provides the reader with a comprehensive introduction to high-energy electron diffraction and elastic and in elastic scattering of high-energy electrons, with particular emphasis on application to modern electron microscopy. Starting from a survey of fundamental phenomena, we introduce the most important concepts underlying modern understanding of high-energy electron diffraction. Dynamical diffraction in transmission (THEED) and reflection (RHEED) geometries is treated using a general matrix theory, where computer programs and worked examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and to familiarize the reader with practical applications.Diffuse and inelastic scattering and coherence effects are treated comprehensively both as a perturbation of elastic scattering and within the general multiple scattering quantum mechanical framework or the density matrix method.Among the highlights are the treatment of resonance diffraction of electrons, HOLZ diffraction, the formation of Kikuchi bands and lines and ring patterns, and application of diffraction to monitoring of growing surfaces.Useful practical data are summarized in tables including those of electron scattering factors for all neutral atoms and many ions, and the temperature dependent Debye-Waller factors given for over 100 elemental crystals and compounds. ... Read more

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Crystallography and Crystal Defects Revised Edition A. Kelly, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK G. W. Groves, Exeter College, Oxford, UK and P. Kidd, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK The concepts of crystallography are introduced here in such a way that the physical properties of crystals, including their mechanical behaviour, can be better understood and quantified. A unique approach to the treatment of crystals and their defects is taken in that the often separate disciplines of crystallography, tensor analysis, elasticity and dislocation theory are combined in such a way as to equip materials scientists with knowledge of all the basic principles required to interpret data from their experiments. This is a revised and updated version of the widely acclaimed book by Kelly and Groves that was first published nearly thirty years ago. The material remains timely and relevant and the first edition still holds an unrivalled position at the core of the teaching of crystallography and crystal defects today. Undergraduate readers will acquire a rigorous grounding, from first principles, in the crystal classes and the concept of a lattice and its defects and their descriptions using vectors. Researchers will find here all the theorems of crystal structure upon which to base their work and the equations necessary for calculating interplanar spacings, transformation of indices and manipulations involving the stereographic projection and transformations of tensors and matrices. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Thorough coverage, dense sentence structure, poor relation between text and problem sets.
This book is very thorough, and is probably great for review. I had the displeasure of trying to learn the subject matter new from this book. My main issue is that many of the sentences in this book are a paragraph long, and that makes undestanding already complex material exceptionally difficult. Also, the problem sets are much more difficult than they should be. Not to say that the level of rigour is misplaced, once I figured out what the questions were asking for most were very good problems. The issue lies in that the wording of the problems is kind of strange, and it's difficult to understand what is being asked for. There are little or no good examples in the text to prepare one for the problem sets.

A straightforward and rigorous discussion of crystallography and its conventions
As in many of my reviews, it is the earlier addition of this book that is familiar to me--in this case Kelly and Groves, rather than Kelly, Groves, and Kidd.Assuming that this newer addition is not too different from the earlier ones, I would highly recommend this book.This is the book that I always turned to when I wanted to refresh my memory regarding the definition of crystal planes and their associated Miller indices.A complete book like this one is especially important when you need to deal with non-cubic systems.In particular, this book is useful for gaining an understanding of the four index Miller-Bravais indices used for hexagonal crystals.Although Kelly and Groves is not a difficult book to read, its treatment of the subject is sufficiently rigorous to satisfy professional materials scientists. ... Read more

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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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The Beginnings of Piezoelectricity, the first history of the subject, exhaustively examines how diverse influences led to the discovery of the phenomenon in 1880, and how they shaped subsequent research until the consolidation of an empirical and theoretical knowledge of the field circa 1895. Shaul Katzir’s historical account shows that this ‘mundane’ science was an intriguing intellectual and practical enterprise, which involved originality, surprises and controversies.

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The objective of this book is to discuss the current status of research and development of boron-rich solids as sensors, ultra-high temperature ceramics, thermoelectrics, and armor. Novel biological and chemical sensors made of stiff and light-weight boron-rich solids are very exciting and efficient for applications in medical diagnoses, environmental surveillance and the detection of pathogen and biological/chemical terrorism agents. Ultra-high temperature ceramic composites exhibit excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance for hypersonic vehicle applications. Boron-rich solids are also promising candidates for high-temperature thermoelectric conversion. Armor is another very important application of boron-rich solids, since most of them exhibit very high hardness, which makes them perfect candidates with high resistance to ballistic impact. The following topical areas are presented:•Boron-rich solids: science and technology•Synthesis and sintering strategies of boron rich solids•Microcantilever sensors•Screening of the possible boron-based thermoelectric conversion materials;•Ultra-high temperature ZrB2 and HfB2 based composites•Magnetic, transport and high-pressure properties of boron-rich solids•Restrictions of the sensor dimensions for chemical detection•Armor ... Read more

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Basic Crystallography J. -J. Rousseau Department of Physics, University of Maine, Le Mans, France Translated from the French by A. James, University of Picardie, France Basic Crystallography deals with the basic principles of geometrical crystallography which are introduced through the study of lattices, symmetry operations and the enumeration and construction of point groups and space groups. Stereographic projection is used to enable students to visualise crystallographic structures in real space. The author devotes the second part of the book to X-ray crystallography, showing how different diffraction directions depend on the lattice and how spot intensities are related to the unit-cell. To give students an understanding of the principles of structural determination, the classical techniques of diffraction and methods of interpreting spectra are examined. To tackle the more challenging aspects of the subject, help is given to the student in the form of exercises with answers and a computer disk accompanies the book allowing readers to work through exercises and plot their own crystallographic data. Written primarily for final year undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, materials science and geometry the book will also be useful for engineering students. ... Read more

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"Physics of Cryocrystals offers the first comprehensive treatment of molecular cryosolids. The book focuses on the distinctions between molecular and atomic cryocrystals, especially on the role of molecular rotation. Also considered are how cryocrystals are used for investigating the lattice dynamics of crystals with isotropic and anisotropic interactions, phase transitions, melting, different kinds of electronic excitations in insulators, and impurity effects. Detailed tables and graphs of molecular parameters, essential thermodynamic data, and lattice-dynamic data serve to make Physics of Cryocrystals an invaluable sourcebook." "Contents" Physics of Cryocrystals offers the first comprehensive treatment of molecular cryosolids. The book focuses on the distinctions between molecular and atomic cryocrystals, especially on the role of molecular rotation. Also considered are how cryocrystals are used for investigating the lattice dynamics of crystals with isotropic and anisotropic interactions, phase transitions, melting, different kinds of electronic excitations in insulators, and impurity effects. Detailed tables and graphs of molecular parameters, essential thermodynamic data, and lattice-dynamic data serve to make Physics of Cryocrystals an invaluable sourcebook. ... Read more

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In 1984, physicists discovered a totally unexpected form of matter--a structure that appeared to contain five-fold symmetry axes, which cannot exist in strictly periodic structures--that became known as quasicrystals. In an effort to understand these structures, a theory that employed higher dimensional space groups was conceived, enabling the creation of new alloy phases that exhibited the properties expected from this model.Now in its second edition, Quasicrystals: A Primer offers an up-to-date and accessible introduction to the subject for studentsapproaching it for the first time.Providing lively treatments of a range of practical, experimental, and theoretical topics, the book has been completely updated to reflect the latest advances in quasicrystal research and application. Helpful problem sets and a computer program that generates a Penrose lattice are included as well. Students and researchers in materials science, crystallography, and condensed matter physics will welcome this new edition of a trustworthy, user-friendly survey of an important topic in crystallography. ... Read more

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quasicrystal
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Structure and Dynamics covers the wide range of general principles that govern the behavior of atoms in solids and applies them to the full range of material types known to man.It focuese on the structure of materials at an atomic level and how the atoms vibrate inside solids, bringing these topics together to explore how the atomic principles determine the behavior and properties of materials. Topics discussed include the factors and reciprocal space, the types of atomic bonding, the formalism of atomic vibrations and the theories of phase transitions. The tools of diffraction and spectroscopy in both laboratory and large scale facilities are also covered. ... Read more

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This book describes the bond valence model, a description of acid-base bonding which is becoming increasingly popular particularly in fields such as materials science and mineralogy where solid state inorganic chemistry is important. Recent improvements in crystal structure determination have allowed the model to become more quantitative. Unlike other models of inorganic chemical bonding, the bond valence model is simple, intuitive, and predictive, and can be used for analysing crystal structures and the conceptual modelling of local as well as extended structures. This is the first book to explore the theoretical basis of the model and to show how it can be applied to synthetic and solution chemistry. It emphasizes the separate roles of the constraints of chemistry and of three-dimensional space by analysing the chemistry of solids. Many applications of the model in physics, materials science, chemistry, mineralogy, soil science, surface science, and molecular biology are reviewed. The final chapter describes how the bond valence model relates to and represents a simplification of other models of inorganic chemical bonding. ... Read more

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By considering the solid state packing of linear chain wax components, this book aims at understanding three things: firstly, which modifications of molecular components are allowed for maintaining stable solid solutions; secondly, what happens when stability conditions are traversed and fractionation begins and thirdly, the structure of fractionated arrays.The co-compatibility of molecular ingredients is considered in terms of their shapes and relative sizes, following an approach originally proposed by Kitaigorodskii. As demonstrated profusely by the crystal structures of pure component types (e. g. alkanes, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, long chain esters, cholesteryl esters) and insertion of functional groups (e. g. chain branches, unsaturation, heteroatoms), characteristic molecular packing arrays provide important geometric information for understanding the co-packing of different molecules in mixtures. Single crystal and spectroscopic data from polydisperse arrays can then be evaluated to arrive at plausible structures of solid solutions and fractionated systems. The resultant structures are not only relevant to the understanding of so-called waxes but also include certain classes of polymers. The ramifications of this work extend into any solid state array of polymethylene chains, including lipid foodstuffs. ... Read more

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In this revised and expanded edition, the authors provide acomprehensive overview of the tools, technologies, and physical modelsneeded to understand, build, and analyze microdevices. Students,specialists within the field, and researchers in related fields willappreciate their unified presentation and extensive references. ... Read more

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This volume is the first in the series International Tablesfor Crystallography and treats the symmetries of one-, two-and three-dimensional space groups and point groups in direct space.It contains tables of the 17 plane groups, the 230 space groups andthe 32 crystallographic point groups, complemented by a comprehensivediscussion of symmetry. The theory and use of the tables is alsodescribed in detail. This book is an invaluable reference forcrystallographers and all those who use crystallography and symmetryin their work. The fifth edition of International Tables for CrystallographyVolume A represents an extensive revision of the previous editions,as the plane and space group tables have been newly generated (andchecked) by computer for this edition. The new symbol for the `double'glide plane (e) is now part of the space group symbols for the fivespace groups Nos. 39, 41, 64, 67 and 68. Much of the text has beensubstantially revised and brought up-to-date, and new topics includinga description of the Delaunay reduction, a section on the advancedproperties of lattices and a section on Euclidean normalizers forspecial metrics have been included. ... Read more