Product Description
Cuba has regularly given Washington a headache, Lars Schoultz observes in his comprehensive chronicle of U.S. policy toward the Cuban Revolution. Seeking relief, even the most patient U.S. officials have often been tempted to repeat what an exasperated President Theodore Roosevelt told a friend in 1906: "I am so angry with that infernal little Cuban republic that I would like to wipe its people off the face of the earth."

Certainly that has been true since 1959, when a group of rebels led by Fidel Castro ousted Fulgencio Batista, a dictator known for his friendly ties to the United States, and proceeded to cause more trouble than anyone could have imagined. Using a rich array of documents and firsthand interviews with U.S. and Cuban officials, Schoultz tells the story of the attempts and failures of ten U.S. administrations to end the Cuban Revolution. He covers everything from the legendary 1960s plot to assassinate Castro using a rigged ballpoint pen to the message that recently ran across the electronic billboard of the U.S. interests section in Havana: "Communism doesn't work because people like to own stuff"--a comment attributed to the late rocker Frank Zappa.

Schoultz argues that despite the overwhelming advantage in size and power that the United States enjoys over its neighbor, the Cubans' historical insistence on their right to self-determination has inevitably irritated American administrations, influenced both U.S. domestic politics and foreign policy, and led to a freeze in diplomatic relations of unprecedented longevity. Schoultz's analysis illuminates what has been a highly unproductive foreign policy and points to fresh prospects as a new century of U.S.-Cuban relations begins. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (5)

New Standard Reference Work
Do not be intimidated by the number of pages in That Infernal Little Cuban Republic. Lars Schoultz's study of US-Cuban relations is a remarkably enjoyable book to read, whether you open it as a reference for details about a particular episode or digest it from end to end. Based on primary documents, a large number of interviews, and excellent secondary sources from a variety of perspectives, the book should be considered the standard reference work on US-Cuban relations since 1959. Undoubtedly due to space considerations, Schoultz covers the relationship prior to 1959 relatively briefly. Still those chapters provide a clear introduction to the book's theme, which is well developed, that the primary source of tension between the United States and Cuba is the asymmetry between the two. To US policy makers, Cuba is a small country whose responsibility is to do the bidding of the United States, and when it doesn't, they view Cuba as an infernal little republic. In contrast, Cuban officials view the United States as a hovering giant who has the capability of crushing Cuban independence, and has repeatedly tried to do so since 1959. That Infernal Little Republic is a superb book for classroom use, and will reward anyone with even a passing interest in US-Cuban and US-Latin American relations.

A great overview of modern US-Cuban relations
The author barely touches the pre-Eisenhower days, so it's not really a review of the full history of US-Cuban relations. Still, for anyone interested in why the US has MFN status with China and Russia, trades with many dictatorships much worse than Cubas, and yet has embargoed Cuba for so long, the book clearly shows how that has happened.

Chapters are organized by Presidential Administration and show the continuity through administrations and across party lines, of current policy. The policy seems to be a confluence of the government picking on whom it can, regardless of balance or threat, the perceived political power of a minority in southern Florida and,well..., hmmm, that about covers it.

That trade would have had a much larger impact upon Cuba, a small country just off our border, than it has had with much larger countries much further away, seems to not be a clear enough message for politicos to comprehend.

The one area the author could have drawn out better is the link between the first large group of refugees, the ones most vocal about overthrowing Castro, and the Batista regime. Most weren't the least interested in Democracy when their Fascist leader was in power and they were getting all the perks that came from that. They lost their power by refusing to embrace democracy, helping push the regular Cubans to Castro, and then used the word "democracy" to try to punish the Cuban people even more for getting tired of them.

It's one reason why their descendants, as shown in polls pointed out by the author, are much less anti-Castro and pro-embargo. They don't have the link to Batista and can look more honestly at the situation.

However, that's a minor point. The book covers more than fifty years of relationship in detail, following the words and actions of many people. It's a must read for anyone trying to comprehend the issue.

Bound to become the major reference work on U.S. policy toward Cuba
Professor Schoultz (Political Science, University of North Carolina) has given us the best up-to-date study on US-Cuban policy, which he considers a failure.

In //The Infernal Little Cuban Republic//, an excellent book, Professor Schoultz feels that relationships between the US and Cuba have not been normal because the United States must uplift the Cuban people.Most Cubans who want change believe they must seek it on their own, and this scholarly author feels that the United States will not get over its obsession toward Cuba anytime soon.

In this study, one is given the most comprehensive chronicle of US policy toward the Cuban Revolution today.As President Theodore Roosevelt told a friend in 1906, "I am so angry with that //Infernal Little Cuban Republic// that I would like to wipe its people off the face of the earth."

Since 1959, a group of rebels led by Fidel Castro has caused more trouble toward Cuba than anyone could possibly have imagined.Utilizing a vast number of documents and firsthand interviews with US and Cuban officials, Professor Schoultz gives the readers the most comprehensive analysis of the attempts and failure of ten US administrations to end the Cuban Revolution.One is guided in this volume to all the events from the 1960s plot to assassinate Castro to the message most recently seen on billboards in Havana, "Communism doesn't work because people like to own stuff" - a statement attributed to late rocker Frank Zappa.

This book argues that the Cubans' historical insistence on their right to self-determination has irritated American administrations and influenced both US domestic politics and foreign policy alike.Hence, diplomatic relations between the US and Cuba have been extremely lengthy.This volume, in the opinion of this reviewer, points to the highly unproductive foreign policy between the US and Cuba and charts new prospects as a new century of US relations toward Cuba begins.

This is an outstanding book, most timely in view of the Obama Administration's new interest in shaping Cuban-American relations.It will become the major reference work on US policy toward Cuba.

Reviewed by
Claude M. Ury

An uncommon perspective
Schoultz offers a different yet realistic perspective of twentieth century political events that led the USA to earn the "ugly American" image in Latin America. Mr. Schoultz's analysis of US foreign policy toward its Spanish speaking neighbors exposes the arrogance that has gotten us involved into armed conflicts all over the world.

On the other hand, the author misses a very important point regarding the Cuban embargo.

The main reason the embargo continues is not because of US unreasonable demands towards Cuba, or the failure of American presidents to understand the issues at hand. The only reason the restriction continues is because the last thing the Castro brothers want is to open the eyes of an enslaved people to the outside world, especially to the fruits of capitalism and the American free enterprise system.

As a footnote, I suggest the author reads a 2007 Forbes magazine article
in which old Fidel comes out as one of the wealthiest heads of state second to Queen Elizabeth II with a billion dollars in foreign investments.

For your information, Mr.Schoultz, Cuba is more of an elongated island-farm managed and owned by the Castro brothers than a communist country per se.


Andrew J. Rodriguez
Award-winning author: "Adios, Havana. A Memoir"

Excellent, in-depth, snarky take on US-Cuban relations
Before I read this book, I knew that Southern leaders had already cast eyes on Cuba in the 1850s, as the Ostend Manifesto showed. But, I did NOT know that way back in the early 1820s, under the administration of President Monroe and Sec'y of State John Quincy Adams, we landed troops on Cuba for the first time. Is it any wonder that Cuba has leery concerns about our proclaimed best intentions?

As for the "snarky" part, Schoultz is a history prof at North Carolina, and the book gets blurbs from folks like former Colin Powell assistant Larry Wilkerson. So, we're not talking alt-weekly newspaper snarky. But, for an academic-level history, we are.

Here's a sample, from page 209:

"Although he could barely find Brazil on a map, (Dick) Goodwin..."

On the serious side, after a few chapters of buildup, Schoultz gets us to Batista, then Castro. He doesn't turn a blind eye to Castro's nationalization, or other early issues but does present a symmpathetic view of his rise to power. He also shows the obsessiveness, first of the Kennedy brothers (and Dick Goodwin's Camelot torch-carrying for them), then of LBJ in full macho bully pose.

Since this is about US-Cuban relations and written from a US point of view, the history is framed from that way. After the introductory and background chapters, we get 1959 and Castro's success, 1960 and Eisenhower's attempt to grasp the situation, 1961 and the Bay of Pigs, 1962 and the missile crisis, and "state sponsored terrorism" (which is a totally true description) to wrap up the Kennedy years.

After that, we get one chapter devoted to each US Presidential Administration, an easy way to focus this narrative.

An excellent epilogue sums up how American political leadership still "doesn't get it" about Cuba in many ways. In essence, long before George W. Bush's ideology-driven invasion of Iraq, when we haven't marginalized Castro's Cuba, assistance we have offered has tended to have strings of Wilsonian idealism attached to it that we've never applied to even Russia/USSR or China. ... Read more

Product Description

Are all immigrants from the same home country best understood as a homogeneous group of foreign-born? Or do they differ in their adaptation and transnational ties depending on when they emigrated and with what lived experiences? Between Castro’s rise to power in 1959 and the early twenty-first century more than a million Cubans immigrated to the United States. While it is widely known that Cuban émigrés have exerted a strong hold on Washington policy toward their homeland, Eckstein uncovers a fascinating paradox: the recent arrivals, although poor and politically weak, have done more to transform their homeland than the influential and prosperous early exiles who have tried for half a century to bring the Castro regime to heel. The impact of the so-called New Cubans is an unintended consequence of the personal ties they maintain with family in Cuba, ties the first arrivals oppose.

This historically-grounded, nuanced book offers a rare in-depth analysis of Cuban immigrants’ social, cultural, economic, and political adaptation, their transformation of Miami into the "northern most Latin American city," and their cross-border engagement and homeland impact. Eckstein accordingly provides new insight into the lives of Cuban immigrants, into Cuba in the post Soviet era, and into how Washington’s failed Cuba policy might be improved. She also posits a new theory to deepen the understanding not merely of Cuban but of other immigrant group adaptation.

Product Description
The poster was the popular art form in Cuba following the Cuban Revolution, when the government sponsored some 10,000 public posters on a fascinating range of cultural, social, and political themes. ¡Revolución!, produced with unprecedented access to Cuban national archives, assembles nearly 150 of these powerful but little-seen works of popular art. From the 1960s through the 1980s, the posters rallied the Cuban people to the huge task of building a new society, promoting massive sugar harvests and national literacy campaigns; opposing the U.S. war in Vietnam; celebrating films, music, dance, and baseball with a unique graphic wit and exuberant colorful style. With an introduction illuminating the rich social and artistic history of the posters, and rare biographical information on the artists themselves, this striking volume offers a window into the story of Cuba—and a truly revolutionary chapter in graphic design. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (5)

Finally found it on Amazon
I went to several book stores.No one had this wonderful Cuban poster art book.Found it on Amazon for a great price.

Excellent Cuban revolutionary art...
This book has excellent Cuban revolutionary art in it... Page after page covering manydifferent artists and styles...My favorite piece is one which has a man crucified to the dollarsign = $... So true, so true... Money over all, even living a real life...I highly recommend this book to anybody who has an interest in revolutionary artwork since this is very high quality, or a place who does book exchange, or indie book stores to stock it for sell, etc...I'mgoing to buy this for a friend who is a political comix artist, who I'm sure will love it - Savannah Skye...

Colorful, Interesting, Excellent
This is a very nice and entertaining work on a fascinating subject.Cushing has done his homework, preserving a bit of Cuban heritage that otherwise might have been lost to history.A fine book for any artist's collection, or just to flip through on a rainy day at home.

Just a Review
Composed of a beautiful assemblage of colors, organic contours, prideful expressions of international solidarity with various exploited peoples, cutting edge graphic design techniques, and politically charged subjects, most of the posters presented by Cushing draw artistically from both the traditions of the broadly based, international design styles popular during the late sixties and early seventies as well as those historical subjects, civic concerns, pedagogical projects, and cultural traditions specific to the newly articulated aims of a developing Cuban socialism.Readers familiar with the design styles popular during the time periods in which the posters were produced will recognize that many of the posters reflect the coloring schemes and typographical advances developed internationally during this time.For example, the San Francisco style of design, comprised of bubbling fonts and vivid color arrangements that graphically mirrored the visual experiences of LSD users and hippy culture, can be found in the work of Fernandez Reboiro and Raul Oliva.Aside from overt political proclamations and anti-capitalist polemics, there to exists a wide range of stylistic inventions, visual juxtapositions, humorous `in jokes' and embedded satire.In describing the thematic cohesion of the selected posters, Cushing also brings attention to the surprisingly "low quotient of socialist realism-the relative absence of heroic, amped-up superworkers and production equipment so prevalent in the revolutionary artwork of the Soviet Union, China and other communist countries."Not only an intensely beautiful collection of historically significant poster art, Revolucion: Cuban Poster Art presents an important work that deepens our understanding of Cuban culture, politics, and artistic achievement at a time when the Bush administration intensifies its venomous attacks upon all things public, collective, non-commodified, and autonomous of U.S. militarism, aggression, and imperial supremacy.

This beautifully compiled text constitutes a rethinking about Cuban aesthetics that expands and challenges rather than limits our understanding of the role of poster art in the social transformation and historical trajectory of a problematic yet dynamically contoured socialist project; the meaning and significance of which is of vital importance to those deeply concerned with the articulation and formulation of an ethico-political vision rooted to the struggle to obtain basic social provisions, expanded forms of dignity, and socioeconomic justice for those people and countries historically rendered silent under the cacaphonic chorus of imperial capitalism's triumphalist babble.

The pedagogical importance of such a work derives in many ways from its potential to rejuvenate and widen our understanding of the cultural and political life of Cuba.Secondly, having been archived, researched, and designed by a librarian whose active commitment to transforming both the library profession and reorientating reductionist perceptions regarding Cuban culture toward a richer, more nuanced reading, we're better able to appreciate the quality of the book and its contents from multiple perspectives.

In these intellectually uncritical times where the shallow end of ideologically suspect, Manichean binaries continue to render pluralistic and reflective forms of dialogue and investigation mute, Cushing's book represents a refreshing rupture with conveniently amnesic and unreflective standpoints regarding Cuba/U.S. relations.In order to further our knowledge of Cuban political and artistic culture without the cemented weight of baseless hysteria and moral absolutism's as is commonly constructed and circulated by those Yankee imperialist supporters and pro-globalization apologists in both the "politically quarantined" academy and corporate media; scholars, journalists, cultural workers and educators must begin to extend their understanding of Cuban/U.S. relations beyond merely the accented points of the dominant, either/or rhetoric that ultimately functions to mute alternative and radical readings that bring to bare the complexity of ideological and material factors.

Silkscreen the Revolution!
I'm a Reagan-loving conservative, but I've got an enormous fondness for communist propaganda art.I went to see Mr Cushing's talk at Black Oak Books in Berkeley on June 30, and his passion for the subject in person was infectious.Certainly, in his brief talk to give some historical context to the posters, many in his audience -- largely Berkeley radicals -- shuffled uncomfortably in their seats when he suggested that "things aren't perfect" in Cuba, but while Mr Cushings general support of the Revolution in Cuba was really quite secondary to his brilliant -- and inspired -- explanation of the history of these fantastic works of art.

The book itself is simply beautiful -- with scores of pictures representing each of the major poster styles produced in Cuba since the Revolution.There is sympathy for the Revolution, but no preachyness about the glory of equally available state-rationed asprin or the easy equality of justice in the tropical gulags.

But the book is only about the revolution to give these art works context.It is a book about the brilliant visual artists who provided the color and design splash to their Communist revolution.Each of the posters is a visual treat -- I especially like the Army Chess Tournament poster (a hand-grenade forming the body of a Knight) and a few of the abstract Vietnamese-solidarity posters.

Mr Cushing has done a fabulous job learning about the authors of the posters and he has made a brilliant first effort to understand and celebrate communist poster art in an increasingly non-communist world.

Once you get beyond the tedious and slavish devotion to French Belle Epoch posters among the poster art chattering class, there are too few great poster books as it is -- even of WW2 propaganda posters -- this clearly ranks among them.And to have it be about such a great and underrepresented area of poster knowledge is doubly terrific.

This is a first rate art book and a first rate history book.And if you like poster art at all, this ought to be on your shelf.

Viva Cushing! ... Read more

Product Description
The first paperback edition of the popular primary source reader, including many newly released documents. "In this age of high technology weapons, crisis-management is dangerous, difficult, and uncertain.... The record of the missile crisis is replete with examples of misinformation, misjudgment, miscalculation. Such errors are costly in conventional warfare. When they affect decisions relating to nuclear forces, they can result in the destruction of nations." (from the foreword by Robert S. McNamara) Thirty-six years after the Cuban Missile Crisis, these declassified documents stand as testament to just how dangerously close the world came to nuclear destruction in 1962, and challenge the official history of the event as a model of crisis management. This collection of formerly secret records, available now in paperback for the first time, includes correspondence between John F. Kennedy, Nikita Krushchev, and Fidel Castro; intelligence reports; minutes; cables; and new documents released since the publication of the hardcover. The editors have provided a document-by-document account of the most important superpower confrontation of the twentieth century. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (3)

Poorly written
Plenty of comprensive data but the author should learn to write.
His style is so utterly awkward, he must be speaking some sort of oriental verse.
No wonder this book never sold.Way to dull a hill to climb.

The Messy Details of a Crisis...
The National Security Archive's "The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962" is not for everyone.The casual reader will find the declassified intelligence reports, minutes of meetings, and executive correspondence to be boring if not indecipherable.The more knowledgeable reader without specific background in the Cuban Missile Crisis may miss the importance of the many details revealed here.For the student of crisis management, for which the Cuban Missile Crisis is held to be a model example, this book is a goldmine of useful detail and context.

The standard history of the Cuban Missile Crisis, based on selective memoires by U.S. participants, is that Russia rather inexplicably placed ballistic missiles in Cuba in 1962.The resulting crisis was resolved when the United States faced down the Soviets in a dramatic confrontation that came close to nuclear war.A more nuanced version holds that President Kennedy traded US missiles in Turkey and a pledge not to invade Cuba in return for a Soviet withdrawal.

"The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962" makes clear the crisis had long roots in US/Soviet rivalry and a much messier resolution.The documents indicate that US and Soviet decision-makers were operating with a dangerously incomplete understanding of each other.Soviet actions in Cuba become much clearer in a context of US actions in Europe and Cuba and the disparity in strategic forces.US counteractions are formulated in a tense atmosphere haunted by the supposed lessons of the Second World War and by the fear of igniting a third world war.The resolution of the crisis spun out long after the dramatic "thirteen days" in October 1962.

Authors Chang and Kornbluh provide the necessary connective narrative and include more recent commentary by participants, including the fact, not known at the time, that Soviet nuclear warheads were already in Cuba and could have been used in the event of a U.S. invasion.

This collection is very highly recommended to the student of crisis management and of the Cold War as an invaluable resource on the details of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

so so
Pretty god but boring, dont read if you are not interseted ... Read more

Product Description
One of the most influential political science works written in the post World War II era, the original edition of Essence of Decision is a unique and fascinating examination of the pivotal event of the Cold War.Not simply revised, but completely re-written, the Second Edition of this classic text is a fresh reinterpretation of the theories and events surrounding the Cuban Missile Crisis, incorporating all new information from the Kennedy tapes and recently de-classified Soviet files. The Second Edition refines the arguments presented in the original book in light of Graham Allison's experience as the Assistant Secretary of Defense and the founding Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.The Second Edition also features a new co-author, Philip Zelikow, author of the best-selling and critically-acclaimed The Kennedy Tapes, which was published by Harvard University Press in 1997. Essence of Decision, Second Edition, is a vivid look at decision-making under pressure and is the only single volume work that attempts to answer the enduring question: how should citizens understand the actions of their government? ... Read more

Customer Reviews (17)

Excellent Analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Wonderful book- very thorough analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis.Provides a novel framework for understanding historical and political events.

Three models - a classic for students of decision-making
Graham Allison may not have released that he created a cottage industry in decision making analysis on the back of his three perspectives of one crisis.The research into the Cuban Missile Crisis involving the United States and the Soviet Union over the deployment of short and medium range nuclear missiles to the caribbean island of Cuba is gradually being built upon and overhauled by the opening of archives.However, the three cut approach to explaining and indeed teaching the dynamics of government (and indeed, large organisations) approaches to decision-making is the introductory text to the subject.ESSENCE OF DECISION; EXPLAINING THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS [BY] GRAHAM T...

Really Interesting
Essence of Decision makes a bunch of really interesting nuanced generalizations on decision making and organizational structure by drawing examples seamlessly from 70 years of national foreign policy.

Interesting for both its stories (Cuban Missile Crisis, WWII) and revelations how organizational structure and individual biases infects all decision making processes.

First president to be fooled by the Castro Brothers
I was an exiled Cuban teenager working in Key West when the October missile crisis exploded.
Jets flying over our heads day in and day out, missile launchers deployed all over the keys from Key Largo to Key West, the only highway connecting to the mainland solely dedicated to troop tansport. What a nightmare!

In those days I considered Nikita Kuruschev an irresponsible head of state, and a peasant bully with no brains by putting the world on the brink of nuclear war.

Today I consider the Russian Prime Minister a political genius. Why?

The Russians knew perfectly well that a missile base ninety miles away from the US will be totally unacceptable to the Americans and thus a crisis of major proportions will ensue as a result.
But the truth is that Kuruschev only wanted the Soviet Union to have a political presence in the hemisphere and nothing else.
He also knew that following the Bay of Pigs fiasco, more attempts to depose the Castro brothers will continue to be made by Cuban exiles with the help of the US government.This was unacceptable to the Russian Prime Minister. Their presence in Latin America was an incredible achievement and they were not going to let it go.
Today I see the missile crisis as nothing but a poker game between a savvy politician and a naive and inexperienced president.
After much fist shaking, the Russian prime minister finally agreed to withdraw their nuclear missiles from Cuba on condition that the US government never again will interfere in Cuban politics or allow any insurgent group to undermine the Cuban government from American shores.
Fifty years later, and thanks to President Kennedy and his advisors, not only communism is alive and well in Cuba but it has also spread to Venezuela, Nicaragua, Bolivia and more on the way.
Our former president in order to clean his deplorable foreign policy record decided to engage in a war of liberation against North Viet Nam.
One blunder after another has cost thousands of American lives, socialist ideas are thriving in Latin America and hatred against our country has never been worse.

Signed:
Andrew J. Rodriguez
Award-winning author: "Adios, Havana," a Memoir

Excellent guide to explaining governmental and corporate decisions
I made a bit of a mistake when I read this book; I should have waited until I got a chance to pick up the second edition.The first edition is a little dated, both in examples and language, and Cuban Missile Crisis (CMC from here on out) experts would not doubt find plenty of out of date facts.However, for me, the point of the book was not to explain every facet of the CMC, but to use examples from the CMC to illustrate the different models of decision making.I won't go into details about the models (if you want a general overview check out the Wikipedia article on the book).

While "Essence of Decision" discusses decision making in a governmental context, I find that it is useful in explaining decisions many other contexts, including corporate decisions.I feel like the overall point is that no decision is made completely in the dark and no decision is made completely in the light.When trying to explain something like Enron or Countrywide, it is easy to demonize a few people but it is more important to realize that a lot of smaller decisions allowed these catastrophes to occur. Although "Essence of Decision" is limited to the Cuban Missile Crisis, it is easy to see examples of complex decision making on the news and at work every day.I found the book to be very helpful in understanding the inner-workings of everyday life and would highly recommend it to others interested in gaining a greater understanding of why things happen the way that they do. ... Read more

Product Description
This up-to-date and informative CD-ROM provides a unique and complete collection of documents about the October 1962 Cuban Missile crisis, with newly declassified documents, intelligence reports, histories and reports from many agencies and sources: White House, Department of Defense, NSA, CIA, Navy, Air Force, and more. These reports provide important new information on this historic moment in world history. There is extensive coverage of every aspect of the confrontation between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. involving President John F. Kennedy, Fidel Castro, and Khrushchev.According to Nikita Khrushchev's memoirs, in May 1962 he conceived the idea of placing intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Cuba as a means of countering an emerging lead of the United States in developing and deploying strategic missiles. He also presented the scheme as a means of protecting Cuba from another United States-sponsored invasion, such as the failed attempt at the Bay of Pigs in 1961. After obtaining Fidel Castro's approval, the Soviet Union worked quickly and secretly to build missile installations in Cuba. On October 16, President Kennedy was shown reconnaissance photographs of Soviet missile installations under construction in Cuba. After seven days of guarded and intense debate in the administration, during which Soviet diplomats denied that installations for offensive missiles were being built in Cuba, President Kennedy, in a televised address on October 22, announced the discovery of the installations and proclaimed that any nuclear missile attack from Cuba would be regarded as an attack by the Soviet Union and would be responded to accordingly. He also imposed a naval quarantine on Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of offensive military weapons from arriving there. During the crisis, the two sides exchanged many letters and other communications, both formal and "back channel." Khrushchev sent letters to Kennedy on October 23 and 24 indicating the deterrent nature of the missiles in Cuba and the peaceful intentions of the Soviet Union. On October 26, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a long rambling letter seemingly proposing that the missile installations would be dismantled and personnel removed in exchange for United States assurances that it or its proxies would not invade Cuba. On October 27, another letter to Kennedy arrived from Khrushchev, suggesting that missile installations in Cuba would be dismantled if the United States dismantled its missile installations in Turkey. The American administration decided to ignore this second letter and to accept the offer outlined in the letter of October 26. Khrushchev then announced on October 28 that he would dismantle the installations and return them to the Soviet Union, expressing his trust that the United States would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a United States demand that Soviet light bombers also be removed from Cuba, and to specify the exact form and conditions of United States assurances not to invade Cuba. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on March 23, 2000. The length of the article is 941 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CUBAN GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGES FOREIGN INVESTMENT BUT RELEGATES IT TO COMPLEMENTARY POSITION IN OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY.
Publication: NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: March 23, 2000
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute
Page: NA

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on February 11, 1999. The length of the article is 562 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CUBAN GOVERNMENT THREATENS TO CUT TELEPHONE SERVICE TO U.S. IF ITS PAYMENTS ARE SEIZED TO SETTLE LAWSUITS.
Publication: NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: February 11, 1999
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute
Page: NA

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Product Description
This up-to-date and informative CD-ROM provides a unique and complete collection of documents about the October 1962 Cuban Missile crisis, with newly declassified documents, intelligence reports, histories and reports from many agencies and sources: White House, Department of Defense, NSA, CIA, Navy, Air Force, and more. These reports provide important new information on this historic moment in world history. There is extensive coverage of every aspect of the confrontation between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. involving President John F. Kennedy, Fidel Castro, and Khrushchev.According to Nikita Khrushchev's memoirs, in May 1962 he conceived the idea of placing intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Cuba as a means of countering an emerging lead of the United States in developing and deploying strategic missiles. He also presented the scheme as a means of protecting Cuba from another United States-sponsored invasion, such as the failed attempt at the Bay of Pigs in 1961. After obtaining Fidel Castro's approval, the Soviet Union worked quickly and secretly to build missile installations in Cuba. On October 16, President Kennedy was shown reconnaissance photographs of Soviet missile installations under construction in Cuba. After seven days of guarded and intense debate in the administration, during which Soviet diplomats denied that installations for offensive missiles were being built in Cuba, President Kennedy, in a televised address on October 22, announced the discovery of the installations and proclaimed that any nuclear missile attack from Cuba would be regarded as an attack by the Soviet Union and would be responded to accordingly. He also imposed a naval quarantine on Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of offensive military weapons from arriving there. During the crisis, the two sides exchanged many letters and other communications, both formal and "back channel." Khrushchev sent letters to Kennedy on October 23 and 24 indicating the deterrent nature of the missiles in Cuba and the peaceful intentions of the Soviet Union. On October 26, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a long rambling letter seemingly proposing that the missile installations would be dismantled and personnel removed in exchange for United States assurances that it or its proxies would not invade Cuba. On October 27, another letter to Kennedy arrived from Khrushchev, suggesting that missile installations in Cuba would be dismantled if the United States dismantled its missile installations in Turkey. The American administration decided to ignore this second letter and to accept the offer outlined in the letter of October 26. Khrushchev then announced on October 28 that he would dismantle the installations and return them to the Soviet Union, expressing his trust that the United States would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a United States demand that Soviet light bombers also be removed from Cuba, and to specify the exact form and conditions of United States assurances not to invade Cuba. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Lots of information
This CD-Rom has a wealth of primary source information that would be very difficult to obtain oterwise.It is eerie to see so many CIA and government papers with a "Top Secret" stamp at the top (subsequently released with the freedom of information act). I didn't expect analysis of the excerpts.It is sometimes ponderous to find specific useful information, but the CD-Rom gives a real sense of doing research on this subject. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Proceso, published by CISA Comunicacion e Informacion, S.A. de C.V. on July 11, 1999. The length of the article is 676 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: LA OTRA CARA DEL GOBIERNO CUBANO.(TT: The other face of the Cuban government.)
Author: Jorge Munguía Espitia
Publication: Proceso (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 11, 1999
Publisher: CISA Comunicacion e Informacion, S.A. de C.V.
Page: 69

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This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on December 12, 2002. The length of the article is 1495 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CUBAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS CRITICIZE IMPRISONMENT OF FIVE CUBANS IN U.S. ON CHARGES OF ESPIONAGE.
Publication: NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: December 12, 2002
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute


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This digital document is an article from Proceso, published by CISA Comunicacion e Informacion, S.A. de C.V. on July 4, 1999. The length of the article is 1541 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: La situación financiera, "tensa", reconoce el gobierno cubano.(TT: The financial situation, "tense", recognizes the Cuban government.)
Author: Homero Campa
Publication: Proceso (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 4, 1999
Publisher: CISA Comunicacion e Informacion, S.A. de C.V.
Page: 46

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This digital document is an article from NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on May 3, 2001. The length of the article is 1789 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CUBAN GOVERNMENT SAYS US PRESSURE SECURED HUMAN RIGHTS RESOLUTION AT GENEVA.
Publication: NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: May 3, 2001
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute
Page: NA

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This digital document is an article from NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on February 18, 1999. The length of the article is 1749 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CUBA: INCREASE IN COCAINE SHIPMENTS VIA CUBA RENEWS DEBATE ABOUT POSSIBLE CUBAN-GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT.
Publication: NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: February 18, 1999
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute
Page: NA

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Product Description
This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

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In the Land of Mirrors is a journey through the politics of Cuban exiles since the 1959 Cuban Revolution. It explores the development of Cuban exile politics and identity within a context of U.S. and Cuban realities, as well as within the broader inquiry of the changing nature of nation-states and its impact on the politics and identity of diaspora communities. Topics covered include: the origins of the post-revolution exile enclave of the 1960s; the evolution of the Cuban community over the 1960s; the pluralization of exile politics in the 1970s, particularly regarding the relationship with the island; the emergence of Cuban-American political action committees in the 1980s; post-Cold War developments; and the transition of Miami by the coming of age of a second generation of Cuban-Americans and the arrival of a new wave of exiles.
Interspersed with vignettes from the author's own experiences and political activism, In the Land of Mirrors explores the meanings and ramifications of exile, of belonging, and of seeing the self in the other. It will appeal to political scientists, Latin Americanists, and those studying the politics of exile.
María de los Angeles Torres was born in Cuba and came to the United States as a young child. She is Associate Professor of Political Science, DePaul University.
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This digital document is an article from Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, published by U.S. Government Printing Office on October 20, 2008. The length of the article is 477 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Remarks following a meeting with Cuban American community leaders in Coral Gables, Florida.(Speech)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (Newsletter)
Date: October 20, 2008
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
Volume: 44Issue: 41Page: 1335(1)

Article Type: Speech

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