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This publication summarizes the proceedings of the Round Table on Standards, Norms and Regulations and their Impact on International Trade, focused primarily on central and eastern European countries with transition economies. The purpose of the publication is to serve as an information base and analytical background for policy makers to evaluate alternative policy proposals and their impact on the economic transition and on integration into the world trading system. The publication examines the most important standardization-related problems at the international level and how these are addressed by a number of international organizations. Another strong focus of the publication is on the problems of economic and institutional transformation of the countries in transition and on the relevance to these countries of the experience of developed market countries with standards and related regulations.The publication includes four background papers submitted to the Round Table and the text of conclusions drawn. ... Read more

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Publication 2446 ... Read more

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This collection explores eighteenth-century theories of international market competition that continue to be relevant for the twenty-first century. "Jealousy of trade" refers to a particular conjunction between politics and the economy that emerged when success in international trade became a matter of the military and political survival of nations. Today, it would be called "economic nationalism," and in this book Istvan Hont connects the commercial politics of nationalism and globalization in the eighteenth century to theories of commercial society and Enlightenment ideas of the economic limits of politics.

The book begins with an analysis of how the notion of "commerce" was added to Hobbes's "state of nature" by Samuel Pufendorf. Hont then considers British neo-Machiavellian political economy after the Glorious Revolution. From there he moves to a novel interpretation of the political economy of the Scottish Enlightenment, particularly of David Hume and Adam Smith, concluding with a conceptual history of nation-state and nationalism in the French Revolution.

Jealousy of Trade combines political theory with intellectual history, illuminating the past but also considering the challenges of today.

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Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the methods of disputeresolution in Central and Eastern Europe have changed dramatically. Nolonger intended to serve a monolithic state, courts and arbitrationinstitutions have adapted to permit the resolution of commercialdisputes that now arise. No other book offers this view of the function of courts andarbitration in these regions. Using the resources of the InternationalBar Association, the volume provides separate reports on litigationand arbitration by experts in Russia, Hungary, Poland, and the CzechRepublic, plus additional chapters on Slovakia, Slovenia, and Estonia.The practical text sets out the relevant material in a straightforwardmanner and also provides illuminating comparisons. Numerous appendicesaid its usefulness as a resource. These helpful features and this newbook's singularity in the field make this essential reading forpractitioners in the region, whether their work involves commercialtransactions or dispute resolution. ... Read more

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Canadian, American and Mexican scholars reassess the effects of intellectual property rights on international trade in the light of the GATT and NAFTA agreements. They consider trade and intellectual property policies and practices, between and within North America and Europe, US trade policy toward enforcing intellectual property rights, the dramatic changes in Mexican law, and other key issues regarding intellectual property and world trade. This volume should be of use for scholars working in intellectual property rights or in international trade and the economy. ... Read more

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Trade within the EU has been freed, but European and foreign barriers still restrict trade with the rest of the world. Rapid growth in East Asia, and liberalization in Eastern Europe, pose facinating and urgent questions for West European policy. Some of the questions this book setsa out to answer are: why do countries trade?; who gains?; who could lose?; why are some goods exported, others imported, and yet others both exported and imported?; how does imperfect competition modify trade?; what impact do regional trade barriers have?; why do they exist?; what effects do regional trade blocs have, and is their enlargement a cause for worry?; what is the significance of increasing capital mobility across frontiers?; what are the links between trade and growth, and trade and employment?; and how do environmental considerations affect trade and trade policy? These are some of the questions this book sets out to answer. ... Read more

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The explosive events in Eastern Europe in recent years have dramatically changed the political landscape that had existed for several decades. The new environment of the post-Cold War world will force a difficult and fundamental transformation in traditional Western perspectives. The West's approach toward trade with the East will undoubtedly be the subject of significant debate in the next decade. This book addresses the issue of reintegration by the Soviet Union and East Central Europe into the global economy and focuses on their participation in the international trade institution, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It considers the task of adjusting Western policies toward trade with the East and focuses on East-West political-economic relations. Through interviews with former and current officials from the European Community, the GATT secretariat, Hungary, Poland and the US, Leah Haus traces the historical origins and evolution of Soviet and East Central European countries' relations with GATT from the 1940s to the present.Explaining the Western policies toward these trade negotiations with the East, she demonstrates the extent to which strategic political objectives have traditionally driven the West's position. Haus analyzes the different aproaches taken by the U.S. and the European Community toward the trade policy dilemmas raised in these negotiations with non-market economy countries. The book concludes by considering current policy issues and by discussing the diverse implications of integrating the Soviet Union into the GATT in the post-Cold War world. ... Read more

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Herbert Giersch's contribution to economics has ranged widely over international economics, European integration and the economics of entrepreneurship. This book presents in one volume a selection of some of his most important essays and papers. It encompasses the gradual evolution of his work from its beginnings to his most recent contributions to the debate on the future of the European Economic Community. It contains some of his most significant work during the last 30 years and includes material that is not widely available. It should be an essential reference point for all economists concerned with entrepreneurship, the world economy and Europe. ... Read more

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This is an examination of the way in which economic integration among nations, principally in the EC, has changed the global economy into a patchwork of regional blocs. International trade is no longer the exclusive domain of sovereign states; its sources are increasingly found at supernational level, while its impact is felt more and more by subnational regions. In addition, the increase in freer economic policies all over the globe have so undermined national authority that regional economies are inevitably opened up to international trade. The book considers the issue of regional exposure to external economic events, and the role of trade in the performance of American states and regions. ... Read more