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This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1861 edition by F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig. ... Read more

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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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The authors examine the various currents of anarchism in fin-de-siècle Hungary. They stress that the anarchist and democratic movements echoed each other and, to some extent, developed in a reciprocal relationship.

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For a decade now, the authors have been conducting interviews for Hungary’s Oral History Archives, with the children of those Hungarians – national heroes, as they are generally seen today – who were imprisoned for their involvement in the 1956 revolution. The vast body of material that has been collected, and is now at the disposal of sociologists, psychologists and others in the academic community, forms the basis of this volume.

This is a documentation of memories of the revolt and, more particularly, its aftermath. The virtually spontaneous ten-day uprising exerted a lasting effect on the fates of the families of the more than 20,000 who were imprisoned and 229 executed by the régime in the harsh reprisals that followed the crushing of the revolution (the last of them as late as the early 1960s), with active police surveillance extended to tens of thousands more. This intimidation, and the attendant social and economic devastation that it wrought, bore especially hard on the psyches, upbringing and education, and hence the subsequent opportunities and life courses of the children who grew up within those families.

The material is grouped by theme: e.g. the effects on communication within families, changes in social status, how relatives and friends reacted, and what sorts of problems these children encountered in pursuing their studies, in trying to assimilate into society as adults, and in relating to those fathers who did return. In an appendix, the editors present detailed biographies of the people most directly affected, offering an unparalleled glimpse into the fates of those they interviewed. The documentation includes letters that the children wrote to their imprisoned fathers. ... Read more

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a poignant memoir
Culling over forty lengthy interviews, historians Zsuzsanna Kõrösi and Adrienne Molnár show us in detail how the lives of the children of those repressed after the 1956 Hungarian revolution were wrested from them, figuratively speaking, over several years. Thrust into poverty and degrading manual labor, barred from secondary school, stigmatized by friends and society, these children arguably suffered more than their executed fathers. Kõrösi and Molnár are both research fellows of the Oral History Archive at the Budapest-based Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. They explain how this research grew out of the Oral History Archive's brave efforts in 1981 (when still illegal) to gather oral testimonies from over one thousand "witnesses of twentieth-century Hungarian history" (p. 2). Given the campaign orchestrated by communist authorities thoroughly to expunge the memory of the revolution and stigmatize it as a "counterrevolution," the Oral History Archive's work has proved invaluable in preserving Hungary's historical heritage. Carrying a Secret in My Heart consists of nine short chapters, a bibliography, biographies of the forty-two interviewees, and their poems and sketches produced as children. This highly readable memoir is apt to educe latent childhood memories in readers, especially those who have themselves lost parents or siblings, as they "bond" with the increasingly familiar interviewees.
The chapters trace - through the words of the interviewees - the several stages of the childrens' experience, from the revolution and their memories of it, the sudden poverty and heavy responsibilities during the father's imprisonment, patterns of communication within the family, and social stigmatization; to the adjustment after the fathers' release from prison (those who did survive), the public exoneration of the victims and their families in 1989, and the adult childrens' present-day reconciliation with their pasts.The age of the interviewees varied at the time the revolution first broke out (the student demonstration of October 23, 1956). Four of the children were over ten years of age, sixteen were between seven and ten, eight were between four and six, and fifteen were below four years of age (p. 6). While the younger ones retain only vague visual memories of red stars and statues being desecrated, the older ones recall participating in marches and standing in long queues for hours - often at 4:00 or5:00 a.m. - to buy bread and milk. One respondent remembers accompanying his mother to the hospital (one hopes because she lacked a babysitter) and saw bodies writhing in pain, missing legs and arms. One man's intestines were hanging out (p. 14). The children intuited the revolution's end by the shift in mood at home. Some recall their mother's pleas that the father emigrate to save his life. Most cannot remember their fathers' actual arrest because they were either not present or too young to remember (p. 21). A few can still hear their fathers' last words as they were taken away. "You are the man of the family now; you must help your mother!" one interviewee, Tibor Molnár, was told - a heavy responsibility for a ten-year-old (p. 22).
_Carrying a Secret in My Heart_ is well worth reading and will interest not only historians, but political scientists, sociologists, and psychologists as well. ---Johanna Granville, Stanford University ... Read more

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a superb historical tale
This is a wonderful book, continuing the tradition of very high quality output from the Center for Romanian Studies.It tells the story, in great and fascinating detail, of the rise of fascism and official anti-semitism in Hungary and Romania betweenthe World Wars.It is a story of the consequences of Versailles -- Hungary got a much worse deal there than the much better known raw deal received by Germany -- of the consequences of different paths of economic development -- both Hungary and Romania suffered from their different histories of economic stratification and (especially in Romania) rural underdevelopment -- and of the consequences of the actions of important individuals -- Admiral Horthy in Hungary, King Carol and Marshall Antonescu in Romania, and the various leaders of fascist movements in both countries.
In each country the story is told slowly and carefully from the time of the Treaty of Versailles (though with plenty of pre-Versailles context) through the onset of economic depression to the end of World War II and beyond.Beleaguered governments, some cynical and some less so, try to navigate between politically powerful landed classes, disenfranchised but sizable groups of peasants, and, in Hungary at least, an important and largely Jewish middle class, with Hitler's shadow growing all the while.Horthy and other Hungarian politicians come out of this looking pretty bad, as does Carol of Romania, while Romania's Antonescu appears as a decent man trying to cope with an increasingly hopeless domestic and international situation (his current posthumous role as a hero and symbol of the Greater Romania party notwithstanding).
All in all, this is a remarkable book.I don't know to what degree it was "revised and updated" from the 1970 original before its author's recent death.Readers interested in this part of the world or this period of history will find it quite valuable.
Other recommendations:
1.On the historical background in Romania, Paul Michelson, Romanian Politics 1859-1971 (Center for Romanian Studies, 1998) and Frederick Kellogg, The Road to Romanian Independence (Purdue, 1995)
2.On the tightening of the German and Russian noose around Romania, and the vain Romanian hopes for Western (especially French) intervention, Alexandru Cretzianu, Relapse into Bondage:Political Memoirs of a Romanian Diplomat 1918-1947 (Center for Romanian Studies, 1998)
3.On life in Romania during this period, the remarkable Journal 1935-1944:The Fascist Years, by Mihail Sebastian (Ivan R. Dee, 2000) ... Read more

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Customer Reviews (1)

A great introduction to Hungary
I picked this book up to compliment my reading a book on the Hapsburg empire.That book begins where this one left off, with the Battle of Mohacs in 1526.This book was an excellent introduction to the development of Hungary.Though the early period is murky from lack of sources, once you hit the 13th century, the story becomes detailed and rich.Since East European history is not popular in the West, I highly recommend this book.Along with the history of the Byzantine Empire, you can get a good view of the Northern Balkan and transdanubian history.

Most importantly, this was a highly readable book.Very enjoyable. ... Read more

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This volume analyses the important structural changes and mobility that occurred in Hungary from the middle of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries by using rich statistical and narrative sources, sometimes reaching to certain social stata. The period extending to WWI was the time of the establishment of the capital market economy, which went with the change of the occupational structure, the hierarchy of the status, and the culture. During the period between the two world wars, the territory and the population of the country greatly diminshed. This was also a reason of the slackening of the social mobility and the rigidity of the structure. After WWII, especially during the period of socialism, the political-led change of structure became determinant. All of these made possible the so-called "goulash communism," a change of life-style, from the sixties. From 1989 on, the return of the market capitalism has been forming the structure.