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This digital document is a journal article from Energy Policy, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This paper presents the findings of gross carbon dioxide and methane emissions measurements in several Brazilian hydro-reservoirs, compared to thermo power generation. The term 'gross emissions' means gas flux measurements from the reservoir surface without natural pre-impoundment emissions by natural bodies such as the river channel, seasonal flooding and terrestrial ecosystems. The net emissions result from deducting pre-existing emissions by the reservoir. A power dam emits biogenic gases such as CO"2 and CH"4. However, studies comparing gas emissions (gross emissions) from the reservoir surface with emissions by thermo-power generation technologies show that the hydro-based option presents better results in most cases analyzed. In this study, measurements were carried in the Miranda, Barra Bonita, Segredo, Tres Marias, Xingo, and Samuel and Tucurui reservoirs, located in two different climatological regimes. Additional data were used here from measurements taken at the Itaipu and Serra da Mesa reservoirs. Comparisons were also made between emissions from hydro-power plants and their thermo-based equivalents. Bearing in mind that the estimated values for hydro-power plants include emissions that are not totally anthropogenic, the hydro-power plants studied generally posted lower emissions than their equivalent thermo-based counterparts. Hydro-power complexes with greater power densities (capacity/area flooded-W/m^2), such as Itaipu, Xingo, Segredo and Miranda, have the best performance, well above thermo-power plants using state-of-the-art technology: combined cycle fueled by natural gas, with 50% efficiency. On the other hand, some hydro-power complexes with low-power density perform only slightly better or even worse than their thermo-power counterparts. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Energy Policy, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Hydro-power plants, as a part of infrastructure projects, play an important role in the economic-social development of countries. Since a large amount of investment is needed for construction of these power plants, which appeared to be an obstacle in these developments, however it is possible to finance these infrastructure plants by assigning these affairs to private sectors by using build operate transfer (BOT) method, which is quite well-known all around the world. This paper reviews the structure of BOT contracts and through an economic evaluation based on different percentage of investments of private sector in providing the expenses of small and medium hydro-power plants (S&M-HPP) (e.g. MHPP in ''Bookan, Iran'' and SHPP in ''Nari, Iran''), demonstrates that by increasing the percentage the share of the private sector in the investment, the economic indices B/C and NPV improve substantially. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Energy Policy, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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One of the most important issues in planning Small Hydro-Power Plants (SHPPs) of the ''run-off river'' type is to determine the optimal installation capacity of the SHPP and estimate its optimal annual energy value. In this paper, a method to calculate the annual energy is presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of an SHPP using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Matlab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of an SHPP with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of an SHPP. By applying the above-mentioned algorithm to a sample SHPP named ''Nari'' (located in the northern part of Iran), the optimal capacity of 3.75MW is obtained. ... Read more

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New information, technologies and methods for availability assessment and the utilization of renewable energy resources are the core focus of this work. Included are introductory chapters on the energy situation and associated concerns. Resource assessments and the uses of solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass energy, biogas and bio fuels resources towards generating electricity, thermal energy, and automotive power and transport fuels are examined in detail. The economics, storage, environmental benefits and promotion of renewable energy are discussed at length. Unique insights coming from the perspective of developing countries make this a unique contribution to this important field of work. This text will be of benefit to researchers, manufacturers, policy makers and planners.

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This digital document is an article from Renewable Energy Today, published by EIN Publishing, Inc. on March 29, 2005. The length of the article is 357 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CHA Recommends Increased Use of Hydropower.(Canadian Hydropower Association)
Publication: Renewable Energy Today (Newsletter)
Date: March 29, 2005
Publisher: EIN Publishing, Inc.
Page: NA

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This digital document is an article from General Accounting Office Reports & Testimony, published by Stonehenge International on June 1, 2003. The length of the article is 576 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission: Charges for Hydropower Projects' Use of Federal Lands Need to Be Reassessed.
Publication: General Accounting Office Reports & Testimony (Newsletter)
Date: June 1, 2003
Publisher: Stonehenge International
Volume: 2003Issue: 6Page: NA

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Learning about the various types of renewable energy is a great way to get a person thinking about changes they can implement. There have been some significant efforts made in this area but there is still much more than needs to be taking place. Instead of being afraid of what is unknown to you, do your best to learn the basics of all the renewable energy sources possible.

The government of the United States has gotten involved in promoting renewable energy sources as well. They offer some great financial incentives for homes and businesses to you them. Even so, there is sometimes a high overhead to get everything in place. This can prevent many people from being a part of saving our natural resources even when they really would like to.

It is estimated that about 13% of our current energy is the result of renewable energy. With the money to cover the expenses, advanced technology, and a desire by society to continue using them we can see that percentage significantly increase. There are plenty of benefits to renewable energy too such as not harming the environment with pollutants.
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