Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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This study examined the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TVOC, TSP, PM"1"0, PM"2"."5, PM"1, benzene, toluene and xylene in passenger cars of the Beijing Ground Railway Transit System (Line No. 13). This system connects the northern suburb and downtown, and is equipped with air-conditioned passenger cars. In-train air quality monitoring was performed in both summer (July and August) and winter (December). To obtain representative data, the sampling design considered both rush and regular hours, urban and suburban areas, as well as the number of passengers. Meanwhile, questionnaires were distributed to the passengers. The monitoring results indicated that, overall, the air quality in the passenger cars was acceptable with a few exceptions, which is consistent with the passengers' perception. Concentrations of some air pollutants showed significant seasonal variations and had the significant difference between rush hour and regular hour. Furthermore, the in-train air quality was greatly influenced by the number of passengers. This paper describes the experimental design, and presents the preliminary results. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A probabilistic model (INDAIR) has been developed to predict air pollutant concentrations in home microenvironments in the UK. The model has been parameterised using probability functions for four pollutants simultaneously (NO"2, CO, PM"1"0 and PM"2"."5), under three emission scenarios (no source, cooking, smoking). Model predictions are broadly consistent with data on indoor concentrations in UK homes. Modelled mean concentrations were most sensitive to variation in outdoor concentrations, air exchange rate and deposition velocity in no-source scenarios, while modelled peak concentrations in source rooms were most sensitive to variation in emission rate and room size. Under model assumptions, smoking and cooking made a significant contribution to annual mean indoor concentrations of PM"1"0 and PM"2"."5, gas cooking made a significant contribution to annual mean indoor NO"2 concentrations, while annual mean CO concentrations were dominated by infiltration of outdoor air. The modelled frequency distributions of 24h mean values showed 95 percentile concentrations that were typically twice the mean concentrations in no-source scenarios, and 3-4 times the mean concentration during emission peaks. The higher exposure of residents in homes at the upper ends of the frequency distributions may be associated with adverse health outcomes, and probabilistic modelling approaches can contribute to identification of the characteristics of homes with high indoor concentrations. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Toxicological potential of carbon monoxide (CO) on humans is well known. Nevertheless, CO is still considered as a useful marker to detect some environmental and occupational human risk factors typical of cities. The role played by traffic pollution, indoor air quality in offices and tobacco smoke on the expression of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb%) levels was investigated in a large group of traffic policemen in Torino city (North-Western Italy). At the end of the working shift, 228 policemen responded to a questionnaire, weight and height recorded, urine spot samples collected to measure cotinine as biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure, and an arterial blood sample was taken to measure COHb levels. Data of outdoor urban air-CO were collected and to each subject a ''CO outdoor air measurement'' was related to his/her COHb level. Considering the annual trend of air-CO pollution from 2002 to 2004, one can assume that a general improvement of air quality in Torino was evident. Taking into account the environments where policemen work (urban outdoor and indoor), and analyzing their COHb% content, the traffic-congested areas, and, in general, the outdoor urban environment were equally risky as offices. Furthermore, if compared to CO arising from traffic-congested areas or other outdoor environments, the traffic policemen in Torino city demonstrate COHb% levels largely due to smoking habits. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Thomson Gale on February 1, 2007. The length of the article is 7681 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Numerical study of the effect of ventilation pattern on coarse, fine, and very fine particulate matter removal in partitioned indoor environment.(TECHNICAL PAPER)
Author: Tsang-Jung Chang
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Magazine/Journal)
Date: February 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 57Issue: 2Page: 179(11)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Air and Waste Management Association on July 1, 2004. The length of the article is 8723 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: A review of effects and control methods of particulate matter in animal indoor environments.(Technical Paper)
Author: Zhongchao Tan
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Refereed)
Date: July 1, 2004
Publisher: Air and Waste Management Association
Volume: 54Issue: 7Page: 845(10)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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That the air we breathe can affect our health is seen most dramatically in occupations where dirty work is carried out in an enclosed environment such as a factory or a mine. However, also the office or domestic environment may be polluted to a degree that the health of the workers or the occupants is threatened. In order to assess the degree of pollution, whether for advisory or regulatory reasons, measurement methods had to be standardized and equipment to be used in an occupied space without upsetting the occupants had to be developed. This publication provides invaluable information to all those responsible for monitoring the indoor environment, to scientists using and maintaining equipment to do such monitoring, and to those researching any aspect of indoor pollution. In addition, public health and social workers who are responsible for problems concerned with indoor air quality will find it beneficial reading. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Comprehensive yet fatally flawed in the final analysis
The author offers a fairly comprehensive overview of the hazards of the indoor home environment and how to combat them. He covers such menaces as mold, mildew, bacteria, dust, secondary smoke, plastics,building materials, pollen, radon, and household chemicals.However, despite the fact that this book was published fairly recently (this is a revised 2nd edition, copyright 1994), he fails to properly highlight some weapons that can be used to maintain a healthy indoor atmosphere, namely negative ions and ozone.He compounds this oversight by making inaccurate blanket statements regarding the technology that employs these weapons - negative ion generators.Regarding ion generators,he states on page 74 that, "it generates negatively charged ions which intercept particles and pull them back to a filter in the unit."Perhaps the generators he encountered work like that but the ones I've encountered emit low frequency radio waves (typically with a range of about 60 feet [radius}).These waves penetrate walls (provided they aren't metal walls) and reach every nook and cranny of a structure; creating ions away from the generating unit.He cites the ineffectiveness of the generators he's researched.I could understand how the units he's encountered would not be effective, but the boy is barking up the wrong tree and he was not exposed to the cutting edge technology of the radio wave units. The author also has a justified healthy (no pun intended) regard for the hazards posed by ozone in the environment.Unfortunately he fails to recognize that ozone (in small concentrations) is an ally in remedying many indoor air pollution problems.In fact the negative ion generators I've encountered also employ ozone generation as part of their indoor air quality restoration and maintenance arsenal.The newer models have sensors so that they can regulate their ozone output. When he writes about the more common and mundane aspects of indoor environment remediationhe appears to be dead on (someone correct me if I'm wrong).But in the end, the author's lack of knowledge, in the areas mentioned above, don't allow him to use the subtitle to this tome: "ACOMPLETE (my caps) Guide to Better Health Through Control of the Indoor Atmosphere" ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Maintaining acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) for a healthy environment is of primary concern, policymakers have developed different strategies to address the performance of it based on proper assessment methodologies and monitoring plans. It could be cost prohibitive to sample all toxic pollutants in a building. In search of a more manageable number of parameters for cost-effective IAQ assessment, this study investigated the probable correlations among the 12 indoor environmental parameters listed in the IAQ certification scheme of the Hong Kong Environment Protection Department (HKEPD) in 422 Hong Kong offices. These 12 parameters consists of nine indoor air pollutants: carbon dioxide (CO"2), carbon monoxide (CO), respirable suspended particulates (RSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO"2), ozone (O"3), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), radon (Rn), airborne bacteria count (ABC); and three thermal comfort parameters: temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (V). The relative importance of the correlations derived, from largest to smallest loadings, was ABC, Rn, CO, RH, RSP, CO"2, TVOC, O"3, T, V, NO"2 and HCHO. Together with the mathematical expressions derived, an alternative sampling protocol for IAQ assessment with the three 'most representative and independent' parameters namely RSP, CO"2 and TVOC measured in an office environment was proposed. The model validity was verified with on site measurements from 43 other offices in Hong Kong. The measured CO"2, RSP and TVOC concentrations were used to predict the probable levels of the other nine parameters and good agreement was found between the predictions and measurements. This simplified protocol provides an easy tool for performing IAQ monitoring in workplaces and will be useful for determining appropriate mitigation measures to finally honor the certification scheme in a cost-effective way. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Building envelopes are usually comprised of several different layers of building materials, which may alternatively act as VOC sources or sinks depending on their emission and sorption potentials and the indoor environmental conditions as well. In this research, a whole room IAQ model consisting of multi-phase emission/sorption model for wall materials and room volume mass balance model catering for practical ventilation schemes was developed. The interactions of VOC and building materials composing different building components can be modeled based on fundamental mass transfer theories. The effects of various construction materials and ventilation strategies on the emission characteristics were investigated. Results show that measures like pre-occupancy flush-out, lead-time ventilation, etc. have substantial impacts on indoor VOC concentration and the model can successfully handle different building scenarios. Although more rigorous validation, in particular more experimental verification, is needed, the proposed model has proven to be valuable in handling different building scenarios. It is useful in analyzing the levels of contaminant buildup that would occur during no ventilation period for intermittent ventilation situations and in determining the amount of outdoor air and the lead-time period required to flush out the contaminants prior to occupancy. It is likely to be a simple routine tool for building owners, designers and operators to attain acceptable indoor VOC concentration level. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Indoor and outdoor elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations were measured from September 2001 through January 2002 at 20 residential sites and a local high school in western Riverside County, CA. The correlation (R^2) between indoor vs. outdoor EC and indoor vs. outdoor OC were 0.63 and 0.47, respectively, while the correlation of EC to OC outdoors and indoors was 0.58 and 0.23, respectively. The average OC content of PM"2"."5 was 0.25 and 0.55 for outdoor and indoor PM"2"."5, respectively. It was concluded that there were no significant indoor sources of EC while indoor OC sources contributed significantly to indoor PM"2"."5. Home with smokers had significantly higher TC and OC than homes without. Schoolrooms generally had less EC and OC due to the schools HVAC system. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A three-year study (1999-2001) was initiated in the UK to assess the effect of improving housing conditions in 3-4 bedroom, single-family unit, social rented sector houses on the health of the occupants. The houses were randomised into two groups. Phase I houses received extensive upgrading including wet central heating, on demand ventilation, double-glazed doors, cavity wall and roof/loft insulation. An identical intervention for Phase II houses was delayed for one year. As part of this randomised waiting list study, discrete measurements were made of indoor environmental variables in each house, to assess the short-term effects of improving housing conditions on the indoor environment. Variables representative of indoor environmental conditions were measured in the living room, bedroom and outdoors in each of the three years of the study. In 2000, there was a significant difference between the changes from 1999 to 2000 between Phase I (upgraded) and II (not then upgraded) houses for bedroom temperatures (p=0.002). Changes in wall surface dampness and wall dampness in Phase I houses were also significantly different to the change in Phase II houses in 2000 (p=0.001), but by 2001 the Phase I houses had reverted to the same dampness levels they had before upgrading. The housing upgrades increased bedroom temperatures in all houses. Other indoor environmental variables were not affected. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A number of indoor atmosphere parameters that may affect the preservation of artefacts in two churches in Cyprus, were studied. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), total ultra-violet and total solar radiation, that were continuously recorded during two campaigns (summer and winter), exhibited large diurnal and seasonal variations. Indoor concentrations of nitrogen oxides, determined at the same periods, also exhibited diurnal dependence on air exchange rate (AER) and on their indoor sources from the burning of candles and oil lamps. Indoor concentrations of ozone exhibited dependence on the AER and on the concentration of other indoor pollutants. On a large number of occasions these concentrations exceeded the proposed air quality standards for the preservation of works of art in both churches. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Exposure to carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) can produce adverse health effects. It is known that various sources of carbonyls are often present inside residences but little is known about their indoor source strengths. In the present paper, we used a database established in the relationships of indoor, outdoor, and personal air (RIOPA) study to estimate indoor source strengths of 10 carbonyls and outdoor contributions to measured indoor concentrations of these carbonyls. We applied a mass balance model to analyze paired indoor and outdoor carbonyl concentrations simultaneously measured in 234 RIOPA homes. Among all the measured carbonyls, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde had the strongest indoor source strengths with the estimated median values of 3.9 and 2.6mgh^-^1, respectively. Hexaldehyde also had large indoor source strengths with a median of 0.56mgh^-^1. Acetone had the largest variations in indoor source strengths ranging from undetected to 14mgh^-^1. The medians of the estimated indoor source strengths were 0.15mgh^-^1 for propionaldehyde, 0.18mgh^-^1 for glyoxal, 0.17mgh^-^1 for methylglyoxal, and 0.23mgh^-^1 for benzaldehyde. Acrolein and crotonaldehyde had the weakest indoor source strengths with no indoor sources detected in the majority of the RIOPA homes that were selected to have only nonsmoker residents. Consistent with the indoor source strength results, our estimated outdoor contributions to indoor concentrations were low for formaldehyde. In contrast, more than 90% of the indoor concentrations for acrolein and crotonaldehyde were from outdoor sources. The outdoor contributions to indoor concentrations for acetone, propionaldehyde, benzaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal ranged from 10 to 90% across the RIOPA homes, suggesting that both indoor and outdoor sources had contributions to indoor concentrations of these compounds. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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As part of a large study investigating indoor air in residential houses in Brisbane, Australia, the purpose of this work was to quantify emission characteristics of indoor particle sources in 15 houses. Submicrometer particle number and approximation of PM"2"."5 concentrations were measured simultaneously for more than 48h in the kitchen of all the houses by using a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a photometer (DustTrak), respectively. In addition, characterizations of particles resulting from cooking conducted in an identical way in all the houses were measured by using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and a DustTrak. All the events of elevated particle concentrations were linked to indoor activities using house occupants diary entries, and catalogued into 21 different types of indoor activities. This enabled quantification of the effect of indoor sources on indoor particle concentrations as well as quantification of emission rates from the sources. For example, the study found that frying, grilling, stove use, toasting, cooking pizza, cooking, candle vaporizing eucalyptus oil and fan heater use, could elevate the indoor submicrometer particle number concentration levels by more than five times, while PM"2"."5 concentrations could be up to 3, 30 and 90 times higher than the background levels during smoking, frying and grilling, respectively. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Carbonyl compounds (CCs) were measured in outdoor and indoor air of libraries, classrooms, laboratories, and offices at the Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, from 5 November to 20 December 2004. Indoor air was sampled during normal activities of personnel and students. The results showed that acetone was the most abundant carbonyl compound in outdoor and indoor air, with an average concentration of 52.48@mgm^-^3, followed by formaldehyde (12.42@mgm^-^3), acetaldehyde (2.90@mgm^-^3), benzaldehyde (2.35@mgm^-^3), butyraldehyde (2.31@mgm^-^3), and acrolein (2.02@mgm^-^3). Acetone was the main compounds in research laboratories and offices, whereas formaldehyde was predominantly present in the libraries, student laboratories, and classrooms. The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio indicated that levels of CCs in indoor air are more elevated than in outdoor air. Ratios were 11.20 for acetone in research laboratories, 8.48 for acetaldehyde in offices, and 8.37 for formaldehyde in student laboratories. The cancer risk for professionals was 5-30-fold higher than that for students, while the risk was even higher in some libraries and offices when compared to particular laboratories. For women, the estimated cancer risk is 4% higher than that calculated for men. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Fine particulate matter (PM"2"."5) and gas-phase carbonyls are categories of atmospheric pollutants that have components known to adversely affect human health. This work describes the chemical characterization of PM"2"."5 and 13 carbonyl compounds measured inside 20 residences and 7 schoolrooms in Mira Loma, western Riverside County, California. Median PM"2"."5 concentrations were 32.2 and 13.2@mgm^-^3, while median total carbonyl concentrations were 50.8 and 62.9@mgm^-^3 inside the residences and schoolrooms, respectively. Organic carbon was typically the largest contributor to indoor PM"2"."5 concentrations, while formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were the largest contributors to gas-phase carbonyl concentrations. Indoor/outdoor ratios for PM"2"."5 were greater for residences than for schoolrooms, while the reverse was true for these ratios for gas-phase carbonyls. These results are likely due to effective PM"2"."5 removal by filtration on the HVAC and the presence of more significant indoor carbonyl sources within the schoolrooms. Regression analysis of indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations showed that for PM"2"."5, sulfate and nitrate were the best- and worst-correlated species, respectively. This suggests that nitrate is a poor tracer for outdoor-to-indoor PM"2"."5 transfer. In addition, no significant correlations were observed for any of the carbonyl compounds measured. This further suggests the presence of indoor carbonyl sources inside the schoolrooms, and that indoor air quality especially in terms of carbonyl concentrations may be substantially poorer than outdoor air quality. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Indoor and outdoor carbonyl concentrations were measured simultaneously in 12 urban dwellings in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Xi'an, China in summer (from July to September in 2004) and winter (from December 2004 to February 2005). Formaldehyde was the most abundant indoor carbonyls species, while formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were found to be the most abundant outdoor carbonyls species. The average formaldehyde concentrations in summer indoor air varied widely between cities, ranging from a low of 19.3@mgm^-^3 in Xi'an to a high of 92.8@mgm^-^3 in Beijing. The results showed that the dwellings with tobacco smoke, incense burning or poor ventilation had significantly higher indoor concentrations of certain carbonyls. It was noticed that although one half of the dwellings in this study installed with low emission building materials or furniture, the carbonyls levels were still significantly high. It was also noted that in winter both the indoor and outdoor acetone concentrations in two dwellings in Guangzhou were significantly high, which were mainly caused by the usage of acetone as industrial solvent in many paint manufacturing and other industries located around Guangzhou and relatively longer lifetime of acetone for removal by photolysis and OH reaction than other carbonyls species. The indoor carbonyls levels in Chinese dwellings were higher than that in dwellings in the other countries. The levels of indoor and ambient carbonyls showed great seasonal differences. Six carbonyls species were carried out the estimation of indoor source strengths. Formaldehyde had the largest indoor source strength, with an average of 5.25mgh^-^1 in summer and 1.98mgh^-^1 in winter, respectively. However, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and benzaldehyde had the weakest indoor sources. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Building and Environment, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate using a numerical simulation (computational fluid dynamics or CFD) the effect of the air supply location on the design and performance of the displacement ventilation (DV) system. The results are reported in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The study focuses on the typical Hong Kong office under local thermal and boundary conditions. This includes the high cooling load used in Hong Kong. Several pollutants typically found in the office such as carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated. The results indicate that the supply should be located near the center of the room rather than to one side of the room. This will provide a more uniform thermal condition in the office. The DV system was found to be effective in dispersing VOCs within an office environment for all cases studied. The exhaust was found to have minimal effect on the thermal comfort. For a DV system in Hong Kong, it is possible to use 100% fresh air without extra energy consumption. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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It is suspected that persons who work in indoor environments near busy roadways are exposed to elevated levels of air pollutants during working hours. This study evaluated the potential exposure and source contribution associated with traffic-related air pollution for workers (polishers and repairmen) in shoe stalls from each of 32 districts during working hours in Seoul, Korea. The shoe stalls have been located at very close distances to the busy roadways. In this study, shoe stall workers could be exposed to high levels of respirable suspended particulate (RSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO"2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from outdoor sources such as traffic exhaust, as well as indoor sources in the shoe stalls such as dust on the shoes, portable gas ranges, organic solvents, adhesives and shoe polish. Compounds of particular note included indoor mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene were 0.732, 6.777, 4.080 and 1.302 mg/m^3, respectively, in all shoe stalls. Mean indoor/outdoor ratios for toluene and m/p-xylene concentrations were 54.52 and 20.84, respectively. The contribution of vehicle exhaust emissions to indoor air quality of shoe stalls was identified by means of correlating the relationships between simultaneously measured air pollutant concentrations indoors and outdoors. Unlike RSP and NO"2, indoor VOCs concentrations of shoe stalls mainly originated from indoor sources vs. outdoor sources. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Building occupants, including cleaning personnel, are exposed to a wide variety of airborne chemicals when cleaning agents and air fresheners are used in buildings. Certain of these chemicals are listed by the state of California as toxic air contaminants (TACs) and a subset of these are regulated by the US federal government as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). California's Proposition 65 list of species recognized as carcinogens or reproductive toxicants also includes constituents of certain cleaning products and air fresheners. In addition, many cleaning agents and air fresheners contain chemicals that can react with other air contaminants to yield potentially harmful secondary products. For example, terpenes can react rapidly with ozone in indoor air generating many secondary pollutants, including TACs such as formaldehyde. Furthermore, ozone-terpene reactions produce the hydroxyl radical, which reacts rapidly with organics, leading to the formation of other potentially toxic air pollutants. Indoor reactive chemistry involving the nitrate radical and cleaning-product constituents is also of concern, since it produces organic nitrates as well as some of the same oxidation products generated by ozone and hydroxyl radicals. Few studies have directly addressed the indoor concentrations of TACs that might result from primary emissions or secondary pollutant formation following the use of cleaning agents and air fresheners. In this paper, we combine direct empirical evidence with the basic principles of indoor pollutant behavior and with information from relevant studies, to analyze and critically assess air pollutant exposures resulting from the use of cleaning products and air fresheners. Attention is focused on compounds that are listed as HAPs, TACs or Proposition 65 carcinogens/reproductive toxicants and compounds that can readily react to generate secondary pollutants. The toxicity of many of these secondary pollutants has yet to be evaluated. The inhalation intake of airborne organic compounds from cleaning product use is estimated to be of the order of 10mgd^-^1person^-^1 in California. More than two dozen research articles present evidence of adverse health effects from inhalation exposure associated with cleaning or cleaning products. Exposure to primary and secondary pollutants depends on the complex interplay of many sets of factors and processes, including cleaning product composition, usage, building occupancy, emission dynamics, transport and mixing, building ventilation, sorptive interactions with building surfaces, and reactive chemistry. Current understanding is sufficient to describe the influence of these variables qualitatively in most cases and quantitatively in a few. ... Read more