Tenke Mining Corp. - The Congo - Thu Feb 6, 2003 in the 15th century, the indigenous peoples had developed iron between Portugal andthe coastal kongo Kingdom in Germany, Italy, the UK, Japan and South africa. http://www.tenke.com/s/TenkeFungurume-TheCongo.asp
Our Last Class, Oh Dear Christianity, exceptionally as in kongo kingdom; leads by first Europeans; conquestof indigenous peoples; imposition of expansion of European power in africa; http://www.umich.edu/~hist392/reviewfinal.html
Extractions: PRIMARY SOURCES Monday, April 19, 1999 KEYWORDS Medical anthropologists focus on: BIG QUESTION 1 BIG QUESTION 2 BIG QUESTION 3 CHRONOLOGY Must distinguish between: 3 big events domestication: surplus and LINEAGES iron/cattle: prestige wealth farmers populate the continent, carrying key vocabulary and social organization (people=wealth)
Non-Western Culture (NW) Listings NotesAAAS 520 african Studies In _ kongoTRANS ATLNTC. Important NotesGEOG351 africa's Human Geographies. HIST 353 indigenous peoples of North America. http://www.opensections.ku.edu/032/03NW.html
Extractions: Opened/Closed section listings from the Spring 2003 timetable of classes CLAS Principal and Non-Western Culture CLAS courses Non-Western Culture (NW) This information was last updated: 04/08/03 at 7:20:10 This information is subject to change without prior notice. Please check back often for more information. Sections highlighted in red are at or above enrollment limits. Click on this icon for course information concerning prerequisites, special
Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Country profile, history, geography, economy, politics.Category Regional africa Congo, Democratic Republic of the The kongo peoples; The Significance of Ethnic Identification. indigenous SOCIAL SYSTEMS; Relationswith North africa. Chapter 5. National Security NATIONAL http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/zrtoc.html
Angola: Afropop Country -- Southern Africa Violent Portuguese slavers undermined the kongo kingdoms that efforts to subdue andsubjugate peoples in the But Angola's indigenous rhythms, such as the semba http://www.afropop.org/explore/country_info/ID/23/Angola/
Extractions: In a sense, Angola has never recovered from the extensive and brutal slave trade that unfolded after Diogo Cãothe first European explorer to visit the areaentered the mouth of the Congo River in 1483. Violent Portuguese slavers undermined the Kongo kingdoms that had ruled there, and near the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese overtook local authorities by force and established an abusive military government dedicated to facilitating the capture and export of slaves. Some 4 million people would be removed from this region and shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean before Portugal finally outlawed slavery in 1836. Moving into the colonial mode of the dayforced laborthe Portuguese then pressed further inland. Their efforts to subdue and subjugate peoples in the interior led to a century of fighting, as Angolans continued to resist. After 1930, the New State allowed Angolans to "assimilate" into the conquering Portuguese cultural milieu. A period of relative prosperity and industrial progress followed, but growing nationalist sentiments led to the formation of many political parties, which ultimately came together as the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the Bakongo-dominated National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA). These forces argued policy and philosophy and failed to unite against the Portuguese government throughout the 1960s. Later on, international powers such as the U.S. and China backed a third force, UNITA, led by Jonas Savimbi.
UNESCO - General History Of Africa Volume V is marked by the end of the great indigenous empires and Nile E. MBOKOLO Chapter19 The kongo kingdom and The interior of East africa the peoples of Kenya http://www.unesco.org/culture/africa/html_eng/volume5.htm
Indigenous Peoples Of The Congo africa, the indigenous peoples of africa had already set up long distance tradesand advanced iron working. The two largest groups of people were the kongo and http://nths.newtrier.k12.il.us/academics/faculty/KHall/AfricaontheWeb/Period3-Af
Extractions: Indigenous Peoples of the Congo Home There was no history known about Zaire until the late 1400s when the first Europeans arrived. In Zaire, there languages are still spoken today are Kikongo, Tshiluba, Lingala, and Kiswahili. Long before the Europeans arrived in Africa, the indigenous peoples of Africa had already set up long distance trades and advanced iron working. The two largest groups of people were the Kongo and the Luba who occupied the southern savannah area. In the past, the Kongo was in the middle of international struggles. The Kongo Kingdom was the first area in Africa to come into contact with Europeans, specifically the Portuguese. The Kongo had a trading system with the Portuguese. In the 1490s, the king of the Kongo asked the Portuguese for missionaries for valuable items such as ivory, copper and, unfortunately, slaves. By the late 1600s, the slave trade had taken 15,000 slaves a year. This provoked violence between small groups of people. In later years by the Kongos independence, peace was successfully established and slave trade with other countries ceased to exist. Generally, most indigenous people in what is now known as Zaire did not believe in fate or accidents. They mainly believed that there is a logical reason for everything and accidents and coincidences are not real.
National History Standards - Era 1 for Britain, France, Spain, and the indigenous peoples of the understands patternsof change in africa in the Ashanti, Dahomey, Benin, Lunda, and kongo in the http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/standards/worldera6.html
Extractions: The Iberian voyages of the late 15th and early 16th centuries linked not only Europe with the Americas but laid down a communications net that ultimately joined every region of the world with every other region. As the era progressed ships became safer, bigger, and faster, and the volume of world commerce soared. The web of overland roads and trails expanded as well to carry goods and people in and out of the interior regions of Eurasia, Africa, and the American continents. The demographic, social, and cultural consequences of this great global link-up were immense. The deep transformations that occurred in the world during this era may be set in the context of three overarching patterns of change.
NEW ACQUISITIONS - AFRICAN STUDIES und kongo auf den Spuren von Jan Czekanowski = Miedzy Nilem a kongo sladamiJana africa's indigenous peoples 'First peoples' or 'Marginalized minorities http://www.lib.duke.edu/ias/NewBooks/African/December_2002.htm
Igor Kopytoff (ed), peoples of africa 1979 indigenous african Slavery Commentary One. 1985 Reviewof Wyatt MacGaffey, Modern kongo Prophets Religion in a Plural Society http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~kopytoff/
Extractions: Contact Information I am a general practitioner in cultural anthropology, with an ethnographic focus on Africa and with some past research in northern Asia. More specifically, my interests, research, and publications deal with social structure, political organization, and religion - and the process of transformation in them. I have also worked and published on slavery as a general cultural phenomenon, with a special interest in indigenous slavery in Africa as a culture-historical phenomenon. I have done fieldwork in the Congo, Cameroon, and the Ivory Coast. IGOR KOPYTOFF
ASR: Volume 37, Number 3, December 1994 Invisible Powers The World of kongo Belief, Simon M. Merryfield), p. 131; Nigerias indigenous Technology, Basse of Economics, Societies, and peoples in africa http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/ASA/ASR373.html
Extractions: Women s Studies: Struggling over Scarce Resources: Women and Maintenance in Southern Africa, Alice Armstrong (Gloria Thomas Emeagwali), p. 117; Nigerian Women in Historical Perspective , edited by Bolanle Awe (Barbara M. Cooper), p. 118; First Find Your Child a Good Mother, Paul Riesman (Marjorie A. Franken), p. 119; Strategies of Slaves and Women: Life-Stories from East/Central Africa, Marcia Wright ( Gregory Maddox) p. 122. Anthropology and Linguistics: Death and the Invisible Powers: The World of Kongo Belief, Simon Bockie (Wyatt MacGaffey), p. 124; Beyond the Stream: Islam and Society in a West African Town, Robert Launay (Frank A. Salamone), p. 125; Social Motivations for Codeswitching: Evidence from Africa, Carol Myers-Scotton (Ben G. Blount), p. 127.
Films & Video Recordings On AFRICA the women's movement and the associations of indigenous peoples who seek to aid forfamine relief in africa as a With his help Mani kongo is reunited with his http://www.info.library.yorku.ca/depts/smil/filmographies/africa.htm
Extractions: Fax:416-736-5838 Fall/Winter Hours: Summer Hours: Please note the following abbreviations: MP : 16mm film VC : VHS videotape VC 3/4 : 3/4" videotape AFRICA SERIES 52 min. each 1984 RM Arts Prod. 1. DIFFERENT BUT EQUAL VC #1206 and #4494 Traces the early history of the continent noting that some of the world's greatest prehistoric civilizations had their origins in Africa. 2. MASTERING A CONTINENT VC #1207 and #4494 Examines how African farmers created a viable way of life in an often hostile environment. 3. CARAVANS OF GOLD
Africa Abstract being shipped to Sao Tome from the kongo Kingdom, itself. and disease conspired topromote the indigenous form of between the Hutu and Tutsi peoples of Central http://www.icltd.org/africa_abstract.htm
Extractions: AN ABSTRACT HISTORY OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN Introduction The following abstract is based on the book, "Africa: A Biography of the Continent" by John Reader (1998). Mr. Reader was born in London in 1937. He lived and traveled in Africa for many years. Students are encouraged to read Mr. Reader's book. In the meantime, the following abstract highlights some of the most important trends and events detailed in his workevents that occurred in Africa from the geological birth of the continent almost 3 billion years ago to the mid-1990's. The student is directed to review the Definitions Companion and Questions Supplement accompanying this Abstract, which should make reading easier. The Abstract The Land topography of the African continent is wide ranging. North Africa is dry and arid and dominated by deserts. Central and southern Africa is a combination of jungle, mountains and wide-open ranges called savanna profound affect on African history. The Cradle of Life Recent research has shown Africa to be the cradle of life, providing the environment in which modern humans evolved. This development was closely associated with the changing environmental and climatic forces that, in turn, affected the food supply and the competition for survival.
MarketPlace Sierra Madre del Sur, is home to about a halfmillion indigenous peoples. denoteda voodoo snake god of West africa and Haiti; in the kongo language of http://www.bookzone.com/bookzone/10001311.peek.html
Extractions: [If you can't access the secure order form, click here A pioneering work, The Americas brings together the history, politics, and sociology of the peoples of the Western Hemisphere as reflected in ethnic chess sets. Prize-winning sculptors created some of the 94 sets illustrated and described; some were carved by unknown artists. The art represents the cultures of 18 countries and 15 islands in the Americas. This book provides the first written record of ethnic sets from this part of the world. Anasazi, Aztec, Carib, Chamorro, Cherokee, Choc=, Diaguita, Garifuna, Hopi, Inuit, Lacand=n, Maya, Polynesian, Quechua, Sioux, Taino, and Tarascan; Amish, Mormon, and Rastafarian; black, white, creole, and mestizo: this is a partial list of the ethnic, religious, and racial groups represented. The Americas also chronicles the author's travels and experiences: risking ambush by gun-toting drug runners in Panama's dense Darien jungle to meet Chocó Indians; following Shackleton's wake in hostile Antarctic waters to visit South Georgia; taking the wheel of a flat-bottomed boat to guide it through a hurricane-whipped Caribbean Sea.
Africa Overview was filled by desert Berbers, an indigenous African people region with people speakingNigerkongo languages, the Of all the peoples the Europeans tried to http://www.adams.edu/academics/art_letters/hgp/civ/110/1africaoverview.html
Extractions: Return to syllabus African Civilizations Africa south of the Sahara Africans south of the Sahara lived largely in nomadic, hunter-gatherer groups up until 200 BC. As a result, African populations were very sparse. There are several speculations as to why sub-Saharan Africans remained in hunting-gathering groups, but they are all guess-work. Perhaps the most reasonable explanations involve the abundance of resources and the protection that their isolation gave them from invasion and migration pressures. Still, early sub-Saharan Africans developed metallurgy at a very early stage, possibly even before other peoples. Around 1400 BC, East Africans began producing steel in carbon furnaces (steel was invented in the west in the eighteenth century). The Iron Age itself came very early to Africa, probably around the sixth century BC, in Ethiopia, the Great Lakes region, Tanzania, and Nigeria. Iron technology, however, only spread slowly across Africa; it wasn't until the first century AD that the smelting of iron began to rapidly diffuse throughout the continent. The instrument of that spread was the Bantu migrations Urban settlement began at a very early date in Africa. The earliest urban settlements were stone-walled towns in southern Mauritania that date back to sometime in the second millennium BC. An explosion of urban settlement in the Sahel region immediately south of the Sahara began between 600 and 200 BC. The Sahel is a hot, dry savanna that can support human agriculture and settlement. The first urban settlements were Sahelian: Jenne, Gao, and Kumbi (later Kumbi Saleh, the capital of the kingdom of Ghana). All of these urban centers grew up in oasis and river regions which could support such large populations.
UMBC Library-- Photographs Matching Keywords-- Search Results ROADS PASSES (LANDFORMS) indigenous peoples CLOTHING WATER ROCK FORMATIONS 19TH CENTURY ALGERIA africa; ONE..MOST GORGEOUS RAVINES..OUTER kongo. http://aok.lib.umbc.edu/imcat.php3?orderby=CAPTION&SUBJECT=CANYONS
Overview Of African History ties with fading empires such as kongo, Songhai and European diseases took a devastatingtoll on indigenous peoples. speaking whites in South africa who moved http://www.msubillings.edu/dzirker/African History Overview.html
Extractions: AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA BRIEF OVERVIEW OF AFRICAN HISTORY A Brief Overview ( with my additions! ) of Points Raised in Bohannan and Curtin, Chapters 12, 13, 14, 18, 19 and 20 Chapter 12: Africa AND THE WORLD CULTURE AND OUR OWN JUDGMENTS What is culture? "High" vs. "low" conceptualizations of culturewhat do these terms signify? Really mean? The complex influences that African culture had on American and European cultures The use of technology (and the attainment of a level of technology , particularly in warfare) as a standard for judging the relative merits of African culture (apples vs. oranges?)
Africa Angola kongo Kingdom check out kongo Kingdom in sites; Equatorial Guinea - BiokoIsland's indigenous Bubi Tribe learn how ancient African peoples crossed the http://schools.sd68.bc.ca/dove/dept/library/africa.html
Extractions: Trade Routes Art and Culture Links African Art: African Artists - artists and art galleries African Odyssey Interactive - African arts and education resources from the Kennedy Center The Craft of Basketry in Southern Africa - Iziko Museums of Cape Town South African Museum EX AFRICA - Exhibitions and Museums of African Tribal Art Ndebele - Art of an African Tribe - Margaret Courtney Clark offers photographs of colorful murals and traditional beadwork made by Ndebele woman. Includes a history of the Ndebele. NOVICA - over 180 western African masks Our Tribe: African gallery - retail site offers this page of vintage images of North African women in traditional attire Photo Gallery - One of the Largest Ancient Egyptian Photo Galleries on the Internet. TRADITIONAL AFRICAN ART - links to masks, carvings, instruments, bronzes, tapestries and more TRADITIONAL AFRICAN ART: Presentation - Among us, the profession of artist doesn't exist, we only materialize what the occult science have revealed to us and our ancestors. We are the middlemen between the earth and the further on.
Africa kongo that was more tolerant of indigenous culture, and In the cases of Ethiopiaand kongo, contact resulted for women, should be imposed on African peoples. http://www.missouri.edu/~religjr/Africa.html
Extractions: Ch. 6, Kevin Ward. Use the map on p. 576. Christianity is ancient in Africa This vibrant southern half of the cradle of western civilization is separated from the rest of the African continent by the great Saharan Desert. Through Egypt flows the Nile and along its fertile banks, Coptic (Egyptian) Christian monks traveled south, establishing monasteries as they went. Thus Christianity reached Nubia which became a Christian country only to be challenged by Islam. Nubia remained under the rule of Christian Kings until 1323. But by 1500, Islam had triumphed completely in Nubia. Islam and Ethiopia remained on good terms due to a story of Ethiopian hospitality extended to Mohammad's companions just prior to the Hadj. A more warlike Muslim general ignored this peace, invading and destroying Ethiopian Churches. An interlude of Catholic contact followed through a Spanish Jesuit (a good guy) who was followed by a Portuguese Jesuit (a bad guy). As you read about the heroism of the first Jesuit and the high-handed behavior of the second, you should know that rebaptism, reordination, reconsacration of churches, especially the repetition of the sacraments, was not only arrogant, but heretical. In any case, the Ethiopians tended to withdraw into themselves after unhappy encounters with both Muslims and Catholics, and to continue their form of Christianity that retains more of the Jewish influence than any other body of Christians. Ethiopian Christianity has other distinguishing marks that I leave you to collect from p. 200.
