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From a critically acclaimed author-a comprehensive history of the part of the world currently making headlines

The former Soviet republics of Central Asia comprise a sprawling, politically pivotal, densely populated, and richly cultured area of the world that is nonetheless poorly represented in libraries and mainstream media. Since their political incorporation in Stalin's Soviet era, these countries have gone through a flash of political and economical evolution. But despite these rapid changes, the growth of oil wealth and U.S. jockeying, and the opening of the region to tourists and businessmen, the spirit of Central Asia has remained untouched at its core.

In this comprehensive new treatment, renowned political writer and historian Dilip Hiro offers us a narrative that places the modern politics, peoples, and cultural background of this region firmly into the context of current international focus. Given the strategic location of Central Asia, its predominantly Muslim population, and its hydrocarbon and other valuable resources, it comes as no surprise that the five Central Asian republics are emerging in the twenty-first century as one of the most potentially influential-and coveted-patches of the globe. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (4)

A Comprehensive and Useful Overview
I read Dilip Hiro's "Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Iran" because I wanted to get a solid introduction to this region, and to this end the book was successful. Although Hiro discusses seven complicated countries, he manages to provide a very comprehensive and detailed overview. Some countries are discussed in greater detail than others (e.g., Uzbekistan gets 73 pages, Kyrgyzstan and Iran each get about 30) but all chapters provide a good starting place for those interested in studying any one country in greater detail. The "Summary and Conclusions" chapter was particularly useful.

Hiro's choice to include chapters on Turkey and Iran was logical, given the immense importance of these countries on the past, present, and future of the central Asian republics. Russia (and the Soviet Union), Afghanistan, the United States, and China are not given their own chapters, but they are intimately involved in all of the book's chapters. This is especially true of the Soviet Union, whose policies profoundly shaped Central Asia. The Soviet Union is discussed in detail, and I came away from the book with a much better understanding of its history and policies in the region. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Hiro explains how Russia continues to loom large in its so-called "near abroad" (this is particularly true given the large number of Russians who migrated to the region during the Soviet era). The United Stats enters the picture forcefully after 9/11, and its often ambiguous relations with the nascent republics, primarily concerning military bases and human rights, are well discussed. American relations with repressive regimes are especially complex and distressing, as America often turns a blind eye towards--or financially rewards--authoritarian abuses so as to secure reliable military partners in the "war on terrorism." In the troubling case of Uzbekistan, this relationship explodes following the mind-boggling Andijan massacre of 2005.

On that note, this book is also a useful study of how corrupt autocrats achieve and hold power through internal and external maneuvering. With the possible exception of Kyrgyzstan, all of the Central Asian Republics have been and still are ruled by strongmen who--having come to power during the collapse of the Soviet Union--have enriched themselves while oppressing dissent, religion, and anything resembling real democracy. Hiro provides interesting portraits of these leaders, who range from megalomaniacal and often amusing (Niyazov "Turkmenbashi" of Turkmenistan) and wildly corrupt (all of them) to utterly savage (Karimov of Uzbekistan).

My main gripe is that, despite its title, the book is primarily concerned with the politics rather than the cultures of this region. The role of religion in politics is discussed extensively, but, as another reviewer has mentioned, most cultural lessons take the form of sudden asides on this or that feature of Central Asian life. However, Hiro does a good job discussing the importance of national myth and history (fictive or otherwise) on the nationalist projects of different regimes. My interest occasionally flagged when Hiro presents detailed discussions of Soviet resource production, membership in political parties, and a sometimes bewildering parade of politicians in each country. Also, I couldn't help but notice that Hiro once inexplicably cites Wikipedia for a note on Iranian Jews (note 5, Chapter 7)! I would have liked more discussion of China's influence in the region, especially given that its sizable Xinjiang Uyghur population is frequently included in discussions of Central Asia (the Uyghurs are only mentioned once). Nevertheless, on the whole the book appears well researched and reasonable in its arguments.

Generally, if you are looking for an up-to-date and in-depth overview of contemporary Central Asia, "Inside Central Asia" delivers.

Good Account of Modern Central Asia
"Inside Central Asia", by Dilip Hiro, provides a good account of the "Stan" nations of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.There is a chapter on each of these nations.Each chapter gives a short history of the nation, but the focus of the narrative is on post World War II era politics and Post Cold War politics.It highlights the influence of the Soviet Union on the Central Asian nations while they were a part of the USSR, and their attempts to find individual paths after the fall of Soviet government in Moscow.It details the struggle of each nation's leaders with the renewed growth of Islam, and the influence from the Taliban in Afghanistan.He gives an excellent account of the mostly corrupt doings of the nation's leaders.Mostly, it explains the constant struggles between Russia, Turkey and Iran to wield overall influence in Central Asia.The book ends suggesting that Russian influence is again on the rise.While Turkish influence was greatest after the fall of the Soviet Union, their power to influence Central Asia waned as Islamism grew stronger in Ankara.Overall, this is a good read to understand modern Central Asia and its politics.

A 'must' for any library strong in Asian history and culture
INSIDE CENTRAL ASIA: A POLITICAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN, TURKMENISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, TAJIKISTAN, TURKEY AND IRAN is a 'must' for any library strong in Asian history and culture, especially as these regions are typically given only cursory attention in favor of Japan, Korea and others. The former Soviet republics of Central Asia represent a politically pivotal region and are essential study for any who would understanding the pressures in the region. Political writer and historian Dilip Hiro's analysis of the politics and daily lives of the peoples of these countries is detailed and essential.

A useful overview of recent Central Asian history
This provides a thorough and often insightful account of the recent history of today's five Central Asian states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The main focus is on the post-Soviet history of the new nations, but Hiro begins with an introductory chapter on the history of the region, starting from the earliest times and then providing increasingly detailed coverage of the Tsarist and Soviet periods up to 1950.

Each of the five nations is then covered in its own chapter, starting with its development in the final years of the USSR, then with its leap to independence, and then the subsequent years of nation building.There are many common themes, including the struggles to reassert (or create) a unifying national identity, to create functioning economies after the post-Soviet economic collapse, the tensions of overlapping ethnic groups, the resurgence of interest in traditional Islam, and a strong tendency towards authoritarian one-party rule.

The last twenty years have not always been easy in this region, and Hiro is willing to be fairly hard-hitting in discussing some of the difficulties, including the outright megalomania of Niyazov's personal rule in Turkmenistan, the regional rivalries behind the Tajikistan civil war, and the allegations of high-level corruption in Kazakhstan.He explains the background and consequences of ethnic tensions and Islamic movements in the Fergana valley, including the tensions that led to the tragic Andijon incident.

As well as the chapters on the five Central Asian nations, Hiro also includes chapters on Turkey and Iran.These are both useful short histories in their own right, but unfortunately the Turkish chapter is mostly unrelated to Central Asia, other than a few paragraphs noting Turkey's limited influence.The Iranian chapter is much more relevant, with an insightful explanation of how shared fears over the rise of the radical Sunni Taliban led to rapprochement between the generally secular Central Asian regimes and the strongly Shiite Iran.

While I found this work generally useful and readable, there are also some weaknesses.The writing quality is sometimes rather uneven and I got the impression that various parts of the book may have been written at different times, for different purposes.Especially in the chapter on Turkey, Hiro sometimes wanders off into strange side topics, such as the introduction of yogurt to 15th c. France. The two included maps are very weak (Kazakhstan's current capital is missing from both!).

But these quibbles aside, this is generally a very readable overview of the region.This is an area with a complex recent history, so having a single tightly written account is valuable.
... Read more

Product Description
Never before has a book of the costumes of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia been published in American or Western European literature. This lavishly illustrated volume features the work of eminent Russian anthropologist Claudia Antipina, who died in 1996 at the age of 92. Antipina was one of only a small number of Russian anthropologists who devoted their lives to research among the nomadic Kyrgyz, and she herself lived most of her life in Kyrgyzstan. The costumes and documentation in this volume represent a substantial body of research collected by Antipina during the years of her life in Kyrgyzstan, and have never before been published. The book is illustrated with the watercolor images by Temirbek Musakeev and the photographs of French/Argentinean photographer Rolando Paiva. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (3)

Best for those interested in Kyrgyz clothing and textiles
I was disappointed with this book as it is not so much about Kyrgyzstan or the people of Kyrgyzstan, but rather about Kyrgyz clothing. The title is misleading; they authors should rename it so that the subject matter is included. It is short on text and features a number of pictures of village people. If you are into clothing and textiles, this is a good book for you. Mine may be available for purchase, very slightly used.

Beautiful, Unusual, Fascinating
BEAUTIFUL, UNUSUAL, FASCINATING
The album is an unusual combination of photography and anthropology, art and erudition.Kyrgyzstan is one of those far away, fascinating, little known states in Central Asia. Before being incorporated into the Soviet Union it was nomadic nation, high in the mountains, maintaining for century its particular language, culture and art, which differs visibly from its neighbors'. "Kyrgyzstan", published beautifully by Skira,can be madeuse of as a college/university textbook, but also as part of the collection of artifacts from Central Asia.
What is most unusual are the photos of Kyrgyz people, taken by Rolando Paiva,the French-Argentinean painter and photographer, deceased in 2003 as he was finishing this album. (It was finally finished by his son Mateo). The photos are of ordinary people, in their everyday surrounding, and Paiva capturedtheir pride, their beauty and the harmony with their surrounding, be it high mountains, be it the very specific Kyrgyz house decoration. The faces on these photos are even more beautiful than I have seen during my many travels to Kyrgyzstan. Paiva captured them as if there was never before in Kyrgyzstan communism, repression, hunger and humiliation.We see beautiful, wrinkled old women, the colorful silk they make, serious, non-smiling children and men in their felt hats.If you were ever inKyrgyzstan - you are thrilledand want to show the book to your friends; those who have never been there - want to go there before this world disappears.

KYRGYZSTAN
The Kyrgyzstan book is a wonderful cultural insight into the various regions that make up The Kyrgyz Republic. In a rapidly changing nation, this book is very much a window in time and place. With a colour plate on the vast majority of pages, it beautifully illustrates the various styles of dress.

The backbone of the book is the lifelong research of anthropologist Klavdiya Antipina who died at the age of 92. Her decades of study, the detailed watercolours by Temirbek Musakeev and photographic portraiture of Rolando Paiva combine to make a captivating and accessable book that you want to pick up time and again. ... Read more

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The 35 oral histories in this 256-page, English-language anthology touch on events including: Urkun; World War I; sedentarization; collectivization; World War II; the post-war reconstruction period; Stalin s death; the Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras; independence; and privatization. The interviewees talk about language, religion, the roles of men and women in society, their school days, their war experiences, migration issues, deported nationalities, agriculture, food, and entertainment. It was published with support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the American University of Central Asia. ... Read more

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Kyrgyzstan has recently come to the attention to global strategic planners.This report puts these executives on the fast track.Ten chapters provide: an overview of how to strategically access this important market, a discussion on economic fundamentals, marketing & distribution options, export and direct investment options, and full risk assessments (political, cultural, legal, human resources).Ample statistical benchmarks and comparative graphs are given. ... Read more

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This is an essential and must-to-have reference work designed for librarians, scholars, students, for the business and policy-making community, and for anyone interested in Kyrgyzstan's contemporary history and politics. Entries cover important personalities, places, events, and institutions in Kyrgyzstan, as well as important political, economic, social and cultural issues, which dominated domestic and international politics of this Central Asia state. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (6)

Understanding Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia
Once again the Central Asian region is bright on radar screens of international politics. The wave of colorful "velvet" revolutions is sweeping though the former Soviet republics. Rose revolution first followed by orange revolution led to fall Georgia's and Ukraine's corrupt regimes. Now all eyes turn to Central Asia anticipating the same changes to take place in the totalitarian republics of the region.

Unfortunately, there is a looming deficit of current books about the Central Asian region. The revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine came as surprise to many precisely due to lack of information about the region.

The Historical Dictionary of Kyrgyzstan successfully fills this information gap by providing comprehensive information about Central Asia in general and Kyrgyzstan in particular. The book provides superb up-to-date details about the key players and issues in domestic and international politics. The dictionary describes the history and the current situation of Central Asia. It also provides biographies of major politicians and information about most important political parties and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The bibliography section is very helpful in finding materials and resources in specialized subject areas. This information is particularly important for analyzing and forecasting events in the country and the region. This is an essential book for beginning students and experienced scholars of Central Asian studies.

Highly recommend!
This book is one of the best reference sources on Kyrgyzstan that was ever published to date.
It is very well organized and objectively covers most aspects of Kyrgyz history, culture and economic development.
The chronology is as complete as it can be. It starts with available facts on early history and gives more detailed list of majour events of the modern time.
The introduction gives a brief but comprehensive background on the country and it is alone could be a good source of information on Kyrgyzstan.
The dictionary is methodologically written and covers key political, cultural, historical, linguistic, economic aspects of Kyrgyz development. One can even find some interesting - hard to find anywhere else - pieces of information on traditional Kyrgyz culture. The author even explains the problems with different transliteration of Kyrgyz geographic and personal names.
The abundance of statistical tables adds to the uniqueness and usefulness of this book.
Finally the bibliography is a real treasure that points you in the right direction for further research on the country and the Central Asian region.
Highly recommend this book.

review of Kyrgyzstan book
Very useful book.Even someone like me who has worked in Kyrgyzstan twice and considered myself knowlegeable about Kyrgyz history got a lot about of the book.
I especially enjoyed learning more about key figures in Kyrgyz history and the current key political entities.In addition, the dateline is good as is the bibliography.

the View from Kyrgyzstan
The dictionary written on the base of interdisciplinary approach will be useful for specialists, who are seriously and scholarly interested in Kyrgyzstan as well as to students who are going to discover this Central-Asian country. The important feature of author's skill is to present the past and present of the Kyrgyz Republic as persistent and unique process. He carefully examines the quantity and quality of state, non-government and private institutions and leaderships and their influence on power and politics in country. The author's independent and non-tendentious view on the situation in modern Kyrgyzstan will be useful for national archives, which now are working towards to systematization and classification of current data.

The only guide to Kyrgyz history, culture and society.
This dictionary is the most useful resourse to date that proves to be a quick and thoughtfull guide for twentieth century Kyrgyz history and society. It provides the students of Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia with a concise chronology and a comprehensive list of key issues and concepts. The book demonstrates that Rafis Abazov has done a great deal of research on this neglected region.In addition to being a resource for the history of the region, the dictionary teaches the reader about cultural, social, political and economic facts about Kyrgzystan.
I highly recommend this dictionary as an extensive and well-written reference book of Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia.It would make an excellent reference book for libraries, schools and universities. ... Read more

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Chapters: Khazars, Eurasian Avars, Old Turkic Script, History of Uzbekistan, History of Kazakhstan, History of Kyrgyzstan, History of Turkmenistan, Origin of the Azeris, Timurid Dynasty, Great Seljuq Empire, Seljuq Dynasty, Oghuz Turks, Ghaznavids, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Hordes of the Jochid Ulus, Kadizadeli, Karamanoğlu, Uyghur Khaganate, Ak Koyunlu, Pechenegs, Kazakh Khanate, Candaroğlu, Danishmends, Kara Koyunlu, Artuqid Dynasty, History of the Turkic Peoples, Ordu-Baliq, Kimek, Emirate of Bukhara, Kipchaks, Khanate of Bukhara, Germiyan, Saltuklu, Ahlatshahs, Eretna, Mengücek, Oghuz Yabgu State, Çobanoğlu, Menteşe, Shiban, Alaiye, Saruhan, Great Horde, Khatun, Aydınoğlu, Brutakhi, Dulkadir, Kankalis, Tokuz-Oguzes, Ramazanoğlu, Karesi, Ili River Treaty, Hamidoğlu, Pervâneoğlu, Beylik of Teke, Sâhipataoğlu, Beylik of Lâdik, Eşrefoğlu, Uzbek Khanate. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 327. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Ukraine Portal The Khazars (Turkic Dialect:Xazarlar) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century. The name "Khazar" seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering". In the 7th century, the Khazars founded an independent Khaganate in the Northern Caucasus along the Caspian Sea. Although the Khazars were initially Tengri shamanists, many converted to the Abrahamic faiths through interaction with the Byzantine Empire and successive Islamic caliphates; during the 8th or 9th century, the Khaganate adopted Judaism as the state religion. At their height, the Khazars and their tributaries controlled much of what is today southern Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the Northern Caucasus (Circassia, Dagestan, Chechnya), parts of Georgia and the Crimea....More: http://booksllc.net/?id=16635 ... Read more

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The former Soviet republics of Central Asia comprise a sprawling, politically pivotal, densely populated, and richly cultured area of the world. In this comprehensive new treatment, renowned political writer and historian Dilip Hiro places the politics, peoples, and cultural background of this critical region firmly into the context of current international focus. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Encyclopedia of Russian History, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1321 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Providing a comprehensive discussion of the people, politics, economics, religion, culture, and social systems of Russia, this work spans the time from the earliest beginnings of the Russian nation (among the ancient Eastern Slavic tribes) to the end of czarist Russia and on through the rise and fall of the Soviet Union. It provides the necessary information for readers to obtain a greater understanding of and appreciation for Russia in all of its many spheres. ... Read more

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The Kyrgyz also spelled Kirgiz, Kirghiz are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. ... Read more

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Chapters: Göktürks, Yuezhi, Soviet Central Asia, Tulip Revolution, Saka, Wusun, Battle of Talas, Zhetysu, Moghulistan, Yenisei Kirghiz, Osh Riots, Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Urkun, Coat of Arms of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Postage Stamps and Postal History of Kyrgyzstan, Tokuz-Oguzes, Interhelpo, Flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, United Nations Security Council Resolution 736. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 123. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Unknown, although the epigraphy ranges from Greek to Bactrian, and often considered to have spoken a Tocharian language. The Yuezhi, or Rouzhi (Chinese: , pinyin: yuè zh or ròu zh; also , pinyin: yuè shì or ròu shì; Old Chinese: Tokar), also known as the Da Yuezhi or Da Rouzhi (Chinese: , dà yuè zh or dà ròu zh, "Great Yuezhi"), were an ancient Central Asian people. They are believed by most scholars to have been an Indo-European people and may have been the same as or closely related to the Tocharians () of Classical sources. They were originally settled in the arid grasslands of the eastern Tarim Basin area, in what is today Xinjiang and western Gansu, in China, before they migrated to Transoxiana, Bactria and then northern South Asia, where they may have had a part in forming the Kushan Empire. Since the character yuè () can stand for the character ròu () in pictograms, it may not mean "moon" here. The character seems to have derived originally from ròu, "meat", as a character component. However, if the form Yuezhi () is accepted, the name translates literally as "moon clan", from yuè (), "moon" and shì (), "clan" or "race". There are numerous theories about the derivation of the name Yuezhi, and none has yet found general acceptance. According to Zhang Guang-da, the name Yuezhi is a transliteration of ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=309851 ... Read more

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In early 2005 regional protests in Kyrgyzstan soon became national ones as protesters seized control of the country’s capital, Bishkek. The country’s president for fifteen years, Askar Akaev, fled the country and after a night of extensive looting, a new president, Kurmanbek Bakiev, came to power. The events quickly earned the epithet ‘Tulip Revolution’ and were interpreted as the third of the colour revolutions in the post-Soviet space, following Ukraine and Georgia. But did the events in Kyrgyzstan amount to a ‘revolution’? How much change followed and with what academic and policy implications? This innovative, unique study of these events brings together a new generation of Kyrgyz scholars together with established international observers to assess what happened in Kyrgyzstan and after, and the wider implications.

This book was published as a special issue of Central Asian Survey.

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This digital document is an article from New Moon, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1297 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Understand Kyrgyzstan: yurts, yaks, and a river of trade.(Global Village: Kyrgyzstan)(Country overview)
Author: Viktoria Surkova
Publication: New Moon (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 13Issue: 6Page: 14(4)

Article Type: Country overview

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Focus on Geography, published by Thomson Gale on September 22, 2005. The length of the article is 2195 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Photographic journal Kyrgyzstan.
Author: Leon Yacher
Publication: Focus on Geography (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 22, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 48Issue: 3Page: 26(9)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Countries and Their Cultures, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 3380 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Covers the broad range of popular religious culture of the United States at the close of the twentieth century. Beliefs, practices, symbols, traditions, movements, organizations, and leaders from the many traditions in the pluralistic American community are represented. Also includes cults and phenomena that drew followers, such as Heaven's Gale and UFOs. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 2162 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices provides information on current religious practices around the world with an emphasis on how religions impact the daily lives of their followers. Included are detailed entries on 13 major religions, such as Christianity and Islam, and entries on 28 religious subgroups, such as Shi'ites or Baptists.Provides Date of Origin, Dietary Practices, Number of Followers, Social Aspects, Controversial Issues, Major Theologians and Authors, Cultural Impact, Houses of Worship, Holy Places, What is Sacred, Rituals, Rites of Passage, Festivals and Holidays, Membership, Social Justice, Modes of Dress and Founder.Also includes significant religions in 193 countries that detail History, Political Impact, Other Religions, Religious Tolerance and more. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 4787 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Advances in technology continue to accelerate the pace at which people and companies are doing business with entities in foreign countries. As a result, the demand for comprehensive, up-to-date economic information about foreign companies has increased as well. The Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies satisfies this immediate need and provides a thorough understanding of the current and historical economic development of foreign nations. Clearly arranged by country within broad geographic regions, the Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies provides accurate, in-depth analysis of each country's economic environment, reliable statistics on the country's current economic conditions and trends and key demographics of the nation's citizens. ... Read more

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Born out of the collapse of the USSR, Kyrgyzstan has been notable for its struggle to develop a pluralist polity and free market, an attempt that distinguishes it from some of its more authoritarian neighbors. This volume introduces students and businessmen to this most attractive of republics, offering an overview of its history, politics, economic development, and place in the international community. In particular, it focuses on the problematic nature of political development, with democratic and pluralist impulses struggling to survive against the dominance of more traditional forms of governance. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Cities of the World, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 4928 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.A compilation of current information on cultural, geographic, and political conditions in 193 countries and their cities covering six continents, based on the Department of State's Post Reports. ... Read more