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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Munkholmen, Bymarka, Midtbyen, Trondheim, Lian, Norway, Byåsen, Nedre Elvehavn, Nidelva, Elgeseter, Lade, Trondheim, Strinda, Ila, Trondheim, Byneset, Tyholt, Gråkallen, Leinstrand, Gløshaugen, Estenstadmarka, Brattøra, Jonsvatnet, Rosenborg, Trondheim, Rotvoll, Lerkendal, Trondheim, Storheia, Dragvoll, Kalvskinnet, Tiller, Norway, Singsaker, Moholt, Lademoen, Spongdal, Haakon Vii's Gate, Øya, Stavne, Østbyen, Leangen, Kattem, Valentinlyst, Dyrborg. Excerpt:Brattøra is an artificial island in Trondheim , Norway . It is located north of the city centre Midtbyen , west of Nyhavna and south of Trondheimsfjord . In addition to some commercial offices, most of the island is used by Trondheim Central Station and Trondheim Port. Since the late 1990s there has been an urban renewal program at Brattøra, converting parts of the port to office buildings, including swimming pool Pirbadet and a massive office complex housing among others Reinertsen and the Norwegian School of Management . Brattøra also houses Pirterminalen , the docks for the high-speed catamaran services to Fosen and Kristiansund as well as the corporate headquarters of Fosen Trafikklag . The Coastal Express and other cruise ships also call at Brattøra. Coordinates : 63°26 24 N 10°24 15 E / 63.44°N 10.40417°E / 63.44; 10.40417 A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at The golf course in Bymarka. Bymarka is the recreation ground of the city of Trondheim , Norway . Location and use Bymarka is situated to the west of the city center and has an area of 80 km², with more than 200 km of walking tracks. Bymarka is very popular for cross-country skiing in the winter, and for walks, hiking or jogging in the summer. There is a golf course on the fringe near the city. Bymarka borders the Byåsen district, and can be reached by the ... ... Read more

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Chapters: Provinces of Sweden, List of Regions of Canada, Districts of Norway, Historical Provinces of Finland, Inner City, Traditional Districts of Denmark. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 44. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The provinces of Sweden, landskap, are historical, geographical and cultural regions. Sweden has 25 provinces and they have no administrative function, but remain historical legacies and the means of cultural identification. Several of them were subdivisions of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by the counties of Sweden (län). Some were conquered later on from DenmarkNorway. Others like the provinces of Finland were lost. Lapland is the only province acquired through colonization. In some cases, the administrative counties correspond almost exactly to the provinces, as is Blekinge to Blekinge County and Gotland, which is a province, county and a municipality. While not exactly corresponding with the province, Härjedalen Municipality is beside Gotland the only municipality named after a province. In other cases, they do not, which then enhances the cultural importance of the provinces. In addition, the administrative units are subject to continuous changes several new counties were for instance created in the 1990s while the provinces have had their historical borders outlined for centuries. The provinces of Sweden are still used in colloquial speech and cultural references, The provinces of Sweden can therefore not be regarded as an anachronistic concept. The main exception is Lapland where the population see themselves as a part of Västerbotten or Norrbotten, based on the counties. * Latin forms used occasionally in the English and some other non-Swedish languages, the exception being Scania which is the "normal" form in English. Sweden's provinces...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=144608 ... Read more

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Chapters: Hardangervidda National Park, Fana, Sandviken, Norway, Eidfjord, Bergen Peninsula, Hallingskarvet, Fjell, Øygarden, Midthordland, Åsane, Salhus, Bergen, Vaksdal, Jondal, Røldal, Fyllingsdalen, Møhlenpris, Minde, Bergen, Fjelberg, Nesttun, Årstad, Finse, Puddefjorden, Arna, Norway, Hamre, Osterøy, Strandebarm, Mongstad, Haus, Norway, Hosanger, Manger, Norway, Laksevåg, Paradis, Bergen, Tyssedal, Nattland, Milde, Bruvik, Bergen Landdistrikt, Løkjelsvatnet, Leirvik, Stolma Bridge, Alversund, Haugaland, Hardangerjøkulen, Vikebygd, Gjetingsdalen, Folgefonna, Lyderhorn, Ulvik, Evanger, Knarvik, Søvik, Os, Veten, Hordabø, Sæbø, Hordaland, Skånevik, Ulriken, Bømlafjord Tunnel, Bergen Og Omland, Bremnes, Fløyen, Moster, Folgefonna National Park, Finnås, Sveningen, Hålandsdal, Skjold, Bergen, Gullfjellet, Osterøy Bridge, Strandvik, Valestrand, Alvøen, Store Lungegårdsvannet, Nordhordland, Hammer Og Hosanger, Hjelme, Vossestrand, Løvstakken, Steinsdalsfossen, Seven Mountains, Bergen, Nordnes Park, Ringedalsvatnet, Sandviksfjellet, Haugesund/stord Region, Sunnhordland, Bønestoppen, Eid, Hordaland, Byfjorden, Lille Lungegårdsvannet, Valestrandfossen, Ulven Concentration Camp, Hårteigen, Landås, Solheimsviken, Kalfaret, Vangsvatnet, Utne, Sandfloegga, Søre Øyane, Trolltunga, Askevatnet, Norheimsund, Ytrebygda, Røldalsvatnet, Jordalsvatnet, Skaupsjøen, Tinnhølen, Søndre Folgefonna, Hausdalshorga, Stakkastadvatnet, Nordre Folgefonna, Askjelldalsvatnet, Rundemanen, Holskardvatnet, Halnefjorden, Bergenhus, Indre Arna, Gullsteinen, Kvamskogen, Flakavatnet, Høgafjellet, Nordmannslågen, Holmefjord, Kalandsvatnet, Flatøy, Bøvågen, Damsgårdsfjellet, Sysenvatnet, Innværfjorden, Juklavatnet, Hamlagrøvatnet, Blådalsvatnet, Gjønavatnet, Lønavatnet, Svartediket, Kvennsjøen, Bjølsegrøvvatnet, Skjerjavatnet, Kysnesstranda, Granvinsvatnet, Steinslandsvatnet, Henangervatnet, Skogseidvatnet, Torfinnsvatnet, Ytre Arna, Folgefonn Tunnel, Eidfjordva...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=4665627 ... Read more

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Jan Mayen is a volcanic island surrounded by the deep Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas. There, atmospheric and oceanic processes unleash potential energy that forces very dynamic interactions between sea and air. This unique geophysical focal point generates climatic variability in northern Europe, and supports marine biological production that sustains the yield of large living resources. The marine populations are clearly fluctuating with variations in climate, and raises questions about effects of man-made climate change. Since the last Ice Age the sinking of Greenland Sea Deep-Water has been a substantial driving force for the Global Thermo-Haline Circulation which feeds warm Atlantic water into the Nordic Seas. Global warming may interact with the deep-water formation and force feedback mechanisms that express themselves beyond imagination. The book addresses such problems to raise an interest for doing research on the island and in its waters. The potentials for doing that increases when the island?s Loran-C station closes down in 2005. The book recommends how the international scientific community may gain access to this really challenging arena for local, regional and Global research. It is a blueprint for the logistics required for science to succeed in a very remote and physically demanding place on Earth.

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This is an OCR edition without illustrations or index. It may have numerous typos or missing text. However, purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original rare book from GeneralBooksClub.com. You can also preview excerpts from the book there. Purchasers are also entitled to a free trial membership in the General Books Club where they can select from more than a million books without charge. Subjects: Science / Earth Sciences / Geography; Social Science / Human Geography; Travel / General; Travel / United States / General; ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The settlement of Iceland is generally believed to have begun in the second half of the 9th century AD, when Norse settlers migrated across the North Atlantic. (However, the results of recent carbon dating work, published in the journal Skírnir, suggests that the country may have been settled as early as the second half of the 7th century). The reasons for the migration may be traced to a shortage of arable land in Scandinavia, and civil strife brought about by the ambitions of the Norse king Harald the Fair-haired. Unlike Britain and Ireland, Iceland was unsettled land, and could be claimed without warring on the inhabitants. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Roan is a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Roan. Roan was separated from Bjørnør on 1 June 1892. The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Roan farm, since the first church was built there. The name is probably derived from the Old Norse word róða which means "pole" (and then referring to a mountain peak behind the farm). The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 22 May 1987. The arms show three terns, which are chosen as an appropriate symbol for a coastal fishing village. The tern is also a very watchful and energetic bird, which is to symbolize the local inhabitants. ... Read more

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The designation Lord of the Isles, now a Scottish title of nobility, emerged from a series of mixed-blood Viking/Gaelic rulers of the west coast and islands of Scotland in the Middle Ages. Their power rested on large fleets of Birlinns, a type of galley which evolved from the Viking longboat, and is unique to scotland. Although at times nominal vassals of the King of Norway and/or of the King of Scotland, the island chiefs remained functionally independent for many centuries. Their territory included the Hebrides, (Skye and Ross from 1438), Knoydart, Ardnamurchan, bits of Ulster in the 1500s, and the Kintyre peninsula. At their height they were the greatest landowners and most powerful Lords in the British Isles following the Kings of England and Kings of Scotland. ... Read more

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Arran or the Isle of Arran is the largest island in theFirth of Clyde, Scotland, and with an area of 432 squarekilometres (167 sq mi) is the seventh largest Scottishisland. It is in the unitary council area of North Ayrshireand the 2001 census had a resident population of 5,058.Although commonly associated with the Hebrides, with whichit shares many cultural and physical similarities, theselatter islands are located to the north and west beyondKintyre. Arran is mountainous and has been described as a"geologist's paradise". There has been continuous habitationsince the early Neolithic period, from which time on thereare numerous prehistoric remains. From the 6th century onGoidelic-speaking peoples from Ireland colonised the islandand it became a centre of religious activity. During thetroubled Viking Age Arran became the property of theNorwegian crown before becoming formally absorbed by thekingdom of Scotland in the thirteenth century. The 19thcentury "clearances" led to significant reductions inpopulation and the end of the Gaelic language and way oflife. ... Read more

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Snow avalanches are a common hazard in manymountainous environments. As such, it is oftennecessary to be able to predict these events.In this study detailed analysis of weather parametersin western Norway has established common triggeringfactors for avalanches in Grasdalen. Two large setsof weather data have been used. A number of winddrift factors have been derived, asseveral authors consider these to be important.Statistical procedures were applied, includingcumulative probability plots and classificationtrees. The latter highlighted the most importantweather parameters used to classify data in terms ofdry avalanche days or non avalanche days. Results ofthese indicate important splitting factors to bevarious sums of precipitation and the maximumtemperature. The combined wind drift factors wereconsidered less important. These results are not in total agreement withprevious authors, however, this study serves as acritical appraisal of current statistical methods ofavalanche prediction and would be useful foravalanche forecasters and researchers. ... Read more

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Kvinesdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. Feda was separated from Kvinesdal on 1 January 1900 but again merged with Kvinesdal on 1 January 1963. Fjotland was also merged with Kvinesdal on that date. Kvinesdal is an elongated mountain-to-coast municipality, reaching saltwater at the head of the Fedafjord, which provides access to the North Sea in the south. Further north, the landscape is cut in narrow valleys with small villages scattered around. There are also abandoned mines at Knaben, which remains an immensely popular ski resort. Due to Kvinesdal resembling the geography of the nation as a whole, it is often referred to as "Little Norway". Kvinesdal belongs to a central area in the Norwegian south from which a lot of people emigrated to North America, particularly the United States, from the 1850s till the 1950s. It is noted for being an "American village" due a high number of American citizens residing in the municipality. These are typically either Norwegians who moved to the States, obtained US Citizenship and later moved back to Norway, or the descendants of Norwegians who themselves have never acquired Norwegian citizenship. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ula is a village in the Tjøllingdistrict in Larvik municipality, Norway. It had the status of tettsted (urban settlement) until 2003, when the population dropped below 200. Ula, located about half way beteween the cities of Sandefjord, and Larvik, along the Vestfold coast, is a popular summer destination; The sheltered harbor cater to a small commercial fishing fleet and pleasure crafts. Tjølling is a former municipality in Vestfoldcounty, Norway. Tjølling was established as a municipality January 1, 1838. It was merged with LarvikJanuary 1, 1988. Vestfold is known as the sunny holiday coast line. People from other parts of the country spend their summer vacations there. The coastline is a beautiful area: During the last Ice Age, this was were the end of the glacier polished the granite rocks making them smooth and without any sharp edges. Boat lovers often travel the fjords and spend time on the islands. Midsummers Eve is a peak moment in Vestfold. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Odal is a traditional district in the county of Hedmark in eastern Norway. It consists of the municipalities of Sør-Odal and Nord-Odal and encompasses the communities around the lake of Storsjø. Traces of human habitation dating back to the Nordic Bronze Age, between 1500 and 500 BCE. The first farms were probably cleared close to the lake about 500 BCE, in the early Iron Age. Settlement spread slowly around the lake and inland, and by the year 800, there may have been as many as 50 farms in the area. Settlement accelerated in the Viking era, increasing the number of farms by as much as an order of magnitude. Increased mobility in the Norwegian population likely changed the character of the society in Odal, and there is evidence the area was under the administration of the thing in Eidsvoll. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Tolga is a municipality in Hedmark county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tolga. The municipality is bordered in the east by the municipality of Tynset, in the south by Rendalen, and in the east by Engerdal and Os, all in Hedmark county. Tolga was a stronghold for the Norwegian Nazi party Nasjonal Samling during the World War II.The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Tolga farm, since the first church in the parish was built here (in 1688). The farm is named after the small Tolga river, and the river name is probably derived from the word toll which means "(young) pine (tree)". Prior to 1918, the name was spelled "Tolgen". ... Read more

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This guide to Scandinavia covers the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, Finland's currency devaluation, the castles of Southern Sweden, Greenland and a roster of money-saving tips specific to each country. ... Read more

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This is an OCR edition without illustrations or index. It may have numerous typos or missing text. However, purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original rare book from the publisher's website (GeneralBooksClub.com). You can also preview excerpts of the book there. Purchasers are also entitled to a free trial membership in the General Books Club where they can select from more than a million books without charge. Original Published by: Printed for the Society in 1900 in 68 pages; Subjects: Glaciology; Erosion; Glaciers; Science / Earth Sciences / General; Science / Earth Sciences / Geography; Science / Earth Sciences / Geology; ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Roa is the administrative centre of Lunner municipality, Norway. Together with the village Lunner it forms an urban area with a population of 1,576. The railway Gjøvikbanen goes through Roa, with trains stopping at Roa Station. The Gjøvik Line (Norwegian: Gjøvikbanen) is a Norwegian railway line between Oslo and Gjøvik. It was originally named the North Line (Nordbanen) and ran between Grefsen and Røykenvik. The line was completed to Gjøvik in 1902. The Gjøvik Line was one of the first lines of the Norwegian railway system which was to be contracted on public service obligation, but it was the state owned Norges Statsbaner which won it through its subsidiary NSB Anbud. The lines is the smallest and least trafficked railway line from Oslo, and the only single track line in the capital. Like most other Norwegian railway lines, the entire 124 km long line is electrified at 15 kV 16⅔ Hz AC. ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Rock carvings at Alta are part of an archaeological site near the town of Alta in the county of Finnmark in northern Norway. Since the first carvings - or more correctly, the petroglyphs - were discovered in 1972, more than 5000 carvings have been found on several sites around Alta. The main site, located at Jiepmaluokta about 4 kilometers outside of Alta, contains around 3000 individual carvings and has been turned into an open-air museum. The site was placed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites on 3 December 1985. It is Norway's only prehistoric World Heritage Site. The earliest carvings in the area date to around 4200 BC; the most recent carvings are generally dated to around 500 BC, although some researchers believe carving continued until around 500 AD. The wide variety of imagery shows a culture of hunter-gatherers that was able to control herds of reindeer, was adept at boat building and fishing and practiced shamanistic rituals involving bear worship and other venerated animals. Apart from the visual evidence of the carvings themselves, not much is known about the culture that produced these carvings, although it has been speculated that the carvers might have been descendants of the Komsa culture. Some researchers also hold the belief that the Sami people are descendants of the carvers. At the time the carvings were created, northern Norway was inhabited by a culture of hunter-gatherers that are thought to be descendants of the Komsa culture, a stone age culture that expanded along the Norwegian coast following receding glaciation during the late ice age around 8000 BC. The period of almost 5000 years over which carvings were created at the site saw many cultural changes, including the adoption of metal tools and advances ... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1713536 ... Read more