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This report examines the science base of the relationship between diet and physical activity patterns, and the major nutrition-related chronic diseases. Recommendations are made to help prevent death and disability from major nutrition-related chronic diseases. These population nutrient intake and physical activity goals should contribute in the development of regional strategies and national guidelines to reduce the burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease. The recommendations contained in this report are based on the examination and analysis of the best available evidence and the collective judgement of a group of experts from WHO and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). ... Read more

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This volume establishes the scientific basis for addressing the many questions that surround the appropriate feeding of infants during their first year of life. Noting that adequate diet is more critical in early infancy than at any other time in life, the review considers what knowledge about infant physiology can contribute to the understanding of nutritional needs. More than 500 references to the literature are included. The evidence reviewed challenges several widely held assumptions concerning the need for proprietary formulas, the most appropriate time to introduce complementary foods, and the best feeding regimen for low-birth-weight infants.

The book has six chapters. The first examines the physiological mechanisms that operate during pregnancy, affect fetal growth and govern the newborn's nutritional requirements. Chapter two provides a fascinating account of the physiology of human lactation. Health factors which may interfere with breast-feeding are discussed in the third chapter, which considers the case of infants with congenital and hereditary metabolic disorders, cleft lip and cleft palate, and different maternal illnesses, including infection with HIV. The fourth chapter, on complementary feeding, concludes that breast milk alone satisfies the energy requirements of the average infant for the first six months of life and that complementary feeding before that time can introduce a number of short- and long-term risks. The remaining chapters review the special needs of two particularly vulnerable groups: low-birth-weight infants and infants and young children during periods of acute infection. ... Read more

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FAO and WHO have a long history of providing scientific advice on food safetyand nutrition to Codex Alimentarius and FAO/WHO member countries. Since 2003,both organizations have been implementing a consultative process to guidetheir efforts to improve the quality, quantity and timeless of the scientificadvice provided. The consultative process has followed several steps,including a planning meeting, an electronic forum and a workshop,facilitating an open and transparent review process that considered theopinions of all interested parties. Through this process, two key issues havebeen identified - the urgent need to enhance the participation of expertsfrom developing countries in the discussions and expert meetings used togenerate and provide the advice, and the importance of considering data andinformation from developing countries in all deliberations. FAO and WHOtherefore held a meeting on this matter in December 2005 in Belgrade toaddress these needs. The report highlights the mechanisms identified by themeeting to reach out better to qualified experts and institutions indeveloping countries, including mechanisms to search for information andexperts that may not be easily accessible through normal channels, andsuggested plans to strengthen the capacity of developing country experts toparticipate effectively in expert meetings, including training efforts atinternational and national levels, involving governmental, non-governmentaland scientific institutions. The report calls on commitment from governments,industry and academia at national and regional levels to generate scientificdata from developing countries and facilitate their input to internationalFAO/WHO scientific advice. ... Read more