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Subjects: Russia -- History 1904-1914Soviet Union -- HistorySoviet Union -- Politics and governmentNotes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be numerous typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Intense and engaging...given the right audience
A primary source, a hundred page account written by the father of Nabokov the author. Describes his sense of the challenges and failures of the post-tsar, pre-Bolshevik government that the author contributed to. Somewhat limited in its scope of examination and for the detail brought to verify it's main findings. Still, it's a pretty self-aware and quite interesting account, builds a lot of information on things going on in 1917 that aren't given much light in broader histories. In particular, it's interesting to note the struggles in organizing the bureaucracy and political elite faced by a revolutionary government that didn't have the coherent (possibly fanatic) ideology of the Bolshevik's to draw on. Instead their government was a series of compromises, reforms, accomodations with existing power structures, corruptions and mistakes, the case of a liberal reformist movement standing between autocracy and violent one-party rule. In that there are clearly a lot of wrong paths taken, but they were not completely inept, and it's interesting reading this to wonder what might have happened if they'd had more time. Also intriguing to see how harsh Nabokov is with Kerensky, calling him a narcissistic psychopath at one point. Intriguing for me, in any case. ... Read more

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In Two Volumes. Including The Victory And Disasters Of The British Army In Afghanistan. ... Read more

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One might ask why the Soviet Union so adamantly promoted the definition of aggression and aggressive war while, as many have noted, conducting military actions that appeared to violate the very definition they espoused in international treaties and conventions. 'Lawfare: Use of the Definition of Aggressive War by the Soviet and Russian Governments' demonstrates that through the use of treaties the Soviet Union and Russian Federation practiced a program of 'lawfare' long before the term became known. Lawfare, as applied in this work, is the manipulation or exploitation of the international legal system to supplement military and political objectives. This work is unique in that it not only traces the evolution of the definition of aggression and aggressive war from the Soviet and Russian Federation perspective, it looks at that progression both from the vantage point of leading edge legal legitimacy and its concurrent use as a means of lawfare to control other states legally, politically and equally as important, through the public media of propaganda. ... Read more

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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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this book is funny
This is the funniest book i've ever found in the sorting room at davis library. my communist co-worker rich (ha ha) read me some jokes and i couldn't stop laughing. I love laughing at the soviet union....we crushed them in the cold war, and now we can laugh at their expense. In difficult times like these, what is better than laughing at a former enemy who now is a weak poor excuse for a nation and could be whipped by the french. ... Read more

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The collapse of the Soviet Union suddenly rendered ethnic Russians living in non-Russian successor states like Latvia and Kyrgyzstan new minorities subject to dramatic political, economic, and social upheaval. As elites in these new states implemented formal policies and condoned informal practices that privileged non-Russians, ethnic Russians had to react. In Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan, Michele E. Commercio draws on extensive field research, including hundreds of personal interviews, to analyze the responses of minority Russians to such policies and practices. In particular, she focuses on the role played by formal and informal institutions in the crystallization of Russian attitudes, preferences, and behaviors in these states.

Commercio asks why there is more out-migration and less political mobilization among Russians in Kyrgyzstan, a state that adopts policies that placate both Kyrgyz and Russians, and less out-migration and more political mobilization among Russians in Latvia, a state that adopts policies that favor Latvians at the expense of Russians. Challenging current thinking, she suggests that the answer to this question lies in the power of informal networks.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Communist party, Komsomol youth organization, and KGB networks were transformed into informal networks. Russians in Kyrgyzstan were for various reasons isolated from such networks, and this isolation restricted their access to the country's private sector, making it difficult for them to create effective associations capable of representing their interests. This resulted in a high level of Russian exit and the silencing of Russian voices. In contrast, Russians in Latvia were well connected to such networks, which provided them with access to the country's private sector and facilitated the establishment of political parties and nongovernmental organizations that represented their interests. This led to a low level of Russian exit and high level of Russian voice. Commercio concludes that informal networks have a stronger influence on minority politics than formal institutions.

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This is an OCR edition without illustrations or index. It may have numerous typos or missing text. However, purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original rare book from the publisher's website (GeneralBooksClub.com). You can also preview excerpts of the book there. Purchasers are also entitled to a free trial membership in the General Books Club where they can select from more than a million books without charge. Original Published by: New York, The Russian Soviet government bureau in 1920 in 52 pages; Subjects: Labor laws and legislation; Law / General; Law / Administrative Law ... Read more

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This book examines the overlooked topic of the influence ofanti-Bolshevik, anti-Semitic Russian exiles on Nazism. White émigrés contributed politically, financially, militarily, and ideologically to National Socialism. This work refutes the notion that Nazism developed as a peculiarly German phenomenon: it arose primarily from the cooperation between völkisch (nationalist/racist) Germans and vengeful White émigrés. From 1920-1923, Adolf Hitler collaborated with a conspiratorial far right German-White émigré organization, Aufbau (Reconstruction). Aufbau allied with Nazis to overthrow the German government and Bolshevik rule through terrorism and military-paramilitary schemes. This organization's warnings of the monstrous 'Jewish Bolshevik' peril helped to inspire Hitler to launch an invasion of the Soviet Union and to initiate the mass murder of European Jews. This book uses extensive archival materials from Germany and Russia, including recently declassified documents, and will prove invaluable reading for anyone interested in the international roots of National Socialism. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (6)

A Failed Effort
The primary value of this book lies in the author's intensive archival research (primarily in Russian archives which are, by now, closed to Russian as well as to foreign scholars). Unfortunately, the overall result is much less than the sum of all the research.

Kellogg to the contrary, much of story of Scheubner-Richter and others of the Rubonia fraternity, of the White émigrés in Germany and the extreme ideas they brought with them is well-known to the (relatively few) specialists, though not to the general public, being "locked away" in unpublished PhD theses and papers in obscure academic journals. What Kellogg does -- in a highly repetitive style (how often do I need to be told that "Scheubner-Richter" was really "First Lieutenant Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter"?) -- is to flesh out what was already known with fascinating details.

Unfortunately, Kellogg also tends to mistake conjecture and possibility for proof. For instance, the money trail -- if any -- from Russian pretender Grand Duke Kirill to Hitler is undocumented; how much money and where it came from is a welter of qualifiers like "considerable", "likely", "not entirely clear" (pp 248-9). Likewise, the absence of Scheubner-Richter and others from Germany on the day of Rathenau's murder becomes evidence of their advance knowledge of the impending assassination (pp 177-9); and so on.

More importantly, Kellogg fails in his primary enterprise, that of determining the Russian roots of Nazism. At most, his arguments support the notion of Baltic German roots; but he fails to show if and to what extent Baltic Germans like Scheubner-Richter or Rosenberg were influenced by specifically Russian ideas (as opposed to the general fund of ideas most European anti-Semites shared). As others have pointed out, radical anti-Semitism was not necessarily Russian, nor was the notion of identifying Bolshevism and Jews (after all, what with, say, Luxemburg in Berlin, Kun in Budapest, and most importantly, Leviné in Munich, did Hitler and his acolytes really need Russian émigrés to equate Jews and Communism?)

No less of a failure is the effort to establish Russian émigré influence on the Nazi "Drang nach Osten". Given the notions displayed in Mein Kampf, Kellogg is forced to posit a radical change in Hitler's racial outlook after 1923, but without any evidence for it. In fact, Brest-Litovsk and the plans for the exploitation and colonisation of Russian Poland and Ukraine drawn by Ludendorff's staff in 1916-18 fit much better with the evolution of Nazi policy than any notion of White émigré influence.

One can only hope that this work, despite its all too many shortcomings, will stimulate more interest in a topic so far unjustly ignored, especially by the general public.

Well-researched study
The various interconnections between Germany and Russia in contemporary history have become a recurring subject of research after the end of the Cold War. For instance, there has been a new wave of books and articles on the comparison between Nazism and Stalinism as well as on the Nazi-Soviet co-operation of 1939-1940. Another example would be the recent talk about `Weimar Russia' when interpreting post-Soviet developments.
With "The Russian Roots of Nazism", an extremely dense and well-researched text, Kellog provides an important new study on a still insufficiently explored aspect of the history of contemporary German-Russian relations. His book focuses on the years 1918-1923, and details at length the connections that a number of prominent émigrés from the former Tsarist empire had with the early Nazi elite, in general, and Adolf Hitler, in particular. The central theme of the study is the rise and fall of the short-lived, yet important émigré association Aufbau: "Wirtschaftspolitische Vereinigung für den Osten" (Reconstruction: Economic-Political Organisation for the East). With such an intriguing subject, Kellog will find many readers among historians and the interested public of both Russia and Germany as well as other countries.
Kellog's analysis suffers, however, from an overemphasis of the pro-Slavic tendencies in the German extreme right and an insufficient consideration of the deep roots of the Nazis' rabid anti-Slavism. More generally, Kellog could have considered in more detail rival influences on Nazism such as `scientific racism' or occultism in order to make a better case for his thesis about the `Russian roots' of Nazism. While he, at one point, puts his position on the nature of Nazism close to Ernst Nolte's (p. 199), he, in fact, succeeds in providing arguments against Nolte's assertion that fascism is essentially anti-Marxism. Kellog's many quotes show that the `bolshevik' part in the Nazis' talk about `Jewish Bolshevism' was secondary and that the Nazis instead thought that the bolsheviks were guided by `Jewish finance capitalism' (e.g. p. 226) - thus, oddly, making the Nazi interpretation of communism somewhat similar to the communist interpretation of Nazism.

Surprising and enlightening
I had never thought to find the link between German right wing movements and white emigres within Germany and Europe and what impact they had on the future Nazi Party and Hitler.This book was an unexpected find and a pleasant one at that.Not too difficult to read, somewhat repetitive but at the same time this makes it easier to keep track of all the 'characters' that the reader is introduced to.This book gives an excellent analysis on how the white emigres affected Hitler and his party and how without them Hitler might not have turned east or if he did might have done some things quite differently.What surprised me most was that before 1919 Hitler did not really say or write anything anti-semitic, in fact at times he defended Jews and even spoke like a socialist from time to time, which to a degree is less surprising since the Nazi party was a socialist party.I was also interested to learn of the assassination attempts undertaken by these white emigres against both Soviet politicians and German ones as well.Bottom line is that there is a lot of information here put into a context I never thought existed before, the book is expensive but in my opinion worth the money for the input it provides and the new view I now have of how Hitler came about with some of his ideas regarding Jews, Bolsheviks, and the Soviet Union.

Remarkable and unexpected
When one considers for what short period the German Army occupied the Ukraine after the treaty of Brest Litovsk, it is interesting how many White Russiancame out with the retreating German Armies.Their prejudices were a remarkable influence on the early Nazi Party in Munich, particularlythe ideasengendered by the Protocols of Zion. Until this book Scheubner-Richter had been written off as a body, the only one shot dead, marching alongside Hitler and Ludendorff in the 1923 attemptef Putsch. However it transpires that he was as great an influence on Nazi doctrine as Rosenberg ( normally described as just a Baltic-German Russian , butactually also a White Officer)
Interesting also is the relationship with Wagner clan in Bayreuth , so that the book is complementary to Joachim Kohler's Wagner's Hitler; and that both groups visited Henry Ford in Detroit to seek funds , arising from his anti-semitic attitudes.
Kellogg does not explore the implications that the General Staff in Berlin was seeking a rapprochment with bolshevik Russia at this time .Nor does he assess Ludendorff as a politician.Above all , he does not refect on the confrontation between class-ridden White Russian Officers and the Bohemian Corporal who spent the war in the trenches on the Western Front.
Anyone coming to study this period and phase of the NaziParty/ Adolf Hitler will have to take note of this book and its importance.
I hope that Michael Kellogg will go on to produce works that follow on this pivotal start.

The Russian Roots of Nazism
In this highly enlightening book, Michael Kellogg argues that in becoming National Socialist Germany did not follow a special path predetermined by German culture. Rather, the genesis of National Socialism must be understood within the context of German defeat of WWI and the Bolshevik Revolution. The co-occurence of these events brought Baltic German and Russian Nationists to Germany where they joined völkisch leaders and radicalized the masses. Formerly fringe anti-Semitism was joined to anti-Bolshivism and became virulent. The book sits on original research done in German and Russian archives.
Karla Poewe
Professor, University of Calgary ... Read more

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This is an OCR edition without illustrations or index. It may have numerous typos or missing text. However, purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original rare book from the publisher's website (GeneralBooksClub.com). You can also preview excerpts of the book there. Purchasers are also entitled to a free trial membership in the General Books Club where they can select from more than a million books without charge. Original Published by: Slovak League of America in 1917 in 65 pages; Subjects: World War, 1914-1918; Germany; History / Europe / Germany; History / Military / World War I; Political Science / Political Process / Political Parties; ... Read more

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Modern Russian history began with the "Great Reforms" of 1861-4 which emancipated the serfs and introduced public self-government to assist the state in managing rural administration and change.In this capacity, peasant andzemstvo self-government, established partly on the basis of Western administrative theory, was important to the solvency of the entire state, autocracy's political evolution, and the fate of the rural gentry, peasants, and townspeople. This book is the first full-scale account of the development of rural self-government from the "Great Reforms" to its bureaucratization in the counterreforms of 1889-90 and their implementation during the following decade. Drawing on a wide range of archival material in Moscow and Leningrad, Pearson pinpoints the concrete problems that Russian officials experienced in introducing rural self-government, and shows that the land captain and zemstvo counterreforms, like the earlier "Great Reforms," resulted from practical statist considerations. ... Read more

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A collection of Russian plays which provide a satiric depiction of life in Russia in the 19th century. ... Read more

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The book has no illustrations or index. It may have numerous typos or missing text. However, purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original rare book from the publisher's website (GeneralBooksClub.com). You can also preview excerpts of the book there. Purchasers are also entitled to a free trial membership in the General Books Club where they can select from more than a million books without charge. Original Publisher: printed for Henry Colburn; Publication date: 1814; Subjects: Caucasus; Georgia (Republic); Transcaucasia; History / Europe / Former Soviet Republics; History / Europe / Russia ... Read more