Geometry.Net - Basic_S: Sickle Cell Anemia

CNN - Boy Receives First Cord Blood Transplant For Sickle Cell Anemia - December
CNN.com
http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9812/14/cord.blood.sickle.cell/

Extractions: Web posted at: 2:09 p.m. EDT (1809 GMT) From Medical Correspondent Rhonda Rowland ATLANTA (CNN) Researchers say children who might have died from inherited immune disorders or leukemia may be cured with umbilical cord blood transplants. Now scientists at Emory University Hospital have done the world's first "unrelated donor" cord blood transplant in a child with sickle cell anemia. Keone Penn of Snellville, Georgia, looks like a typical 12-year-old. But he has a severe cased of sickle cell anemia, an inherited disorder where red blood cells are abnormally shaped. "He had a stroke when he was 5 and he's been getting chronic blood transfusions ever since he had the stroke lots of fevers, infections, seizures," said his mother, Leslie Penn.
The Story On Sickle Cell Anemia
Tells what the condition is, how it affects people, how it may be treated and what young people with this condition can do to stay well.
http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html

Extractions: Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that primarily affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 60,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia, and approximately two million Americans have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee -muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin ( HbA ) flow easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible. Sickle cell anemia occurs when an abnormal form of hemoglobin ( HbS ) is produced. HbS molecules tend to clump together, making red blood cells sticky, stiff, and more fragile, and causing them to assume a curved, sickle shape. Red blood cells containing HbS can go back and forth between being shaped normally and being sickle shaped until they eventually become irreversibly sickled. These sickle cells can clog blood vessels and deprive the body's tissues and organs of the oxygen they need to stay healthy.
Sickle Cell Anemia: What Is It?
logo, DNA Learning Center Link, Concept 15 DNA and proteins are key moleculesof the cell nucleus. Learn the basic chemistry of DNA and proteins.
http://www.yourgenesyourhealth.org/ygyh/mason/ygyh.html?syndrome=sickle
Sickle Cell Anemia
Radiology Home Page, sickle cell anemia. sickle cell anemia (Also see SlideShow). The first is most commonly seen only in sickle cell anemia.
http://rad.usuhs.mil/rad/home/cases/sickle.html

Extractions: Ironically, the sickle cell trait (the heterozygous HgbSA - not the homozygous HgbSS) seems to have a protective effect against the malaria parasite. By the time many patients reach adulthood, there is often objective evidence of anatomic and/or functional damage to various tissues due to the cumulative effects of recurrent vasoocclusive (clotting) episodes. However, the course of the disease is variable from patient to patient. Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 1 The first is most commonly seen only in sickle cell anemia. Marrow hyperplasia crowds and thins the bone trabeculae which results in bone weakness and osteoporosis. Bone softening at the centra of the vertebral bodies of the spine occurs in 70% of patients; a biconcave shape results as the intervertebral disks push into the softened bone. Infarction on the vertebral bodies may also result in partial or complete collapse of the central portion as well. The biconcave, or "fish mouth" vertebrae (due to compression of the vertebral endplates above and below the disk space) are virtually pathognomonic of sickle cell disease. Such changes are evident on the enclosed chest X-rays.
Blood Diseases And Resources Information For Patients And The General Public
Information, Healthbeat Radio, See Also. Sickle Cell Disease InformationDatos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About sickle cell anemia);
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/blood/

Extractions: Health Information Topics on this Page: Sickle Cell Disease Blood Donation Information Other Blood Information Healthbeat Radio ... See Also Sickle Cell Disease Information Blood Donation Information Other Blood Information Healthbeat Radio Programs Additional Resources Blood Information for Health Care Professionals List of Publications Information Center Patient Recruitment for Studies Conducted by the NHLBI at the NIH in Bethesda, Maryland ... Contact the NHLBI
Have-A-Heart For Sickle Cell Anemia Foundation
HaveA-Heart For sickle cell anemia Foundation - A site dedicated to educate andinform sickle cell anemia patients, their families and the community at large
http://www.4sicklecellanemia.org/
The Story On Sickle Cell Anemia
Tells what the condition is, how it affects people, how it may be treated and what young people with Category Kids and Teens Health sickle cell anemiasickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes that causetheir red blood cells to change shape. What Is sickle cell anemia?
http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html

Extractions: Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that primarily affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 60,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia, and approximately two million Americans have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee -muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin ( HbA ) flow easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible. Sickle cell anemia occurs when an abnormal form of hemoglobin ( HbS ) is produced. HbS molecules tend to clump together, making red blood cells sticky, stiff, and more fragile, and causing them to assume a curved, sickle shape. Red blood cells containing HbS can go back and forth between being shaped normally and being sickle shaped until they eventually become irreversibly sickled. These sickle cells can clog blood vessels and deprive the body's tissues and organs of the oxygen they need to stay healthy.
Ask NOAH About: Sickle Cell Disease
s Facts About sickle cell anemia National Heart Lung and BlookInstitute (PDF File of 6 Pages) (also in Spanish) Facts About Sickle Cell Basic
http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/genetic_diseases/sickle.html
Sickle Cell Anemia Disease Profile
Genetic Disease Profile sickle cell anemia. For gov. Other SickleCell Anemia Resources. MedlinePlus Entry for sickle cell anemia.
http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/posters/chromosome/sca.html

Extractions: Genetic Disease Profile: Sickle Cell Anemia For more about the gene that causes sickle cell anemia, see the HBB Gene Profile . The following was adapted from NIH Publication No. 96-4057 (PDF requires Adobe Acrobat Reader Sickle Cell Timeline - Herrick provides the first formal description of sickle cell anemia when he reports that the blood smear of a dental student at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery contains "pear-shaped and elongated forms." - Hahn and Gillespie associate the sickling of red blood cells with low oxygen conditions. - Sherman reports that the sickling of red blood cells in the absence of oxygen is caused by a change in the hemoglobin molecule structure. - Watson suggests that the presence of fetal hemoglobin in the red blood cells of sickle cell newborns is the reason they do not show disease symptoms. - Noted physical chemist Linus Pauling and associates publish "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease" in
Sickle Cell Anemia Gene
The sickle cell anemia Gene, Official Gene Symbol HBB. Mutant beta globin is responsiblefor the sickling of red blood cells seen in sickle cell anemia 2.
http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/posters/chromosome/hbb.html

Extractions: Official Gene Symbol: HBB Name of Gene Product: hemoglobin, beta Alternate Name of Gene Product: beta globin Locus: 11p15.5 The HBB gene is found in region 15.5 on the short (p) arm of human chromosome 11. Size: The HBB gene's 3 coding regions (exons) are scattered over 1600 base pairs of genomic DNA. Exons translated into the HBB polypeptide chain are interspersed with segments of noncoding DNA (introns). After transcription, introns are spliced out and exons are pieced together to form a 626-bp mRNA transcript that is translated into the 147-amino acid sequence of the HBB polypeptide chain [1]. Approximate gene location is based on Chromosome 11 map from NCBI Entrez Map Viewer. Protein Function Hemoglobin molecules, which reside in red blood cells, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to various parts of the body for use in respiration. The HBB gene codes for one of the two types of polypeptide chains found in adult hemoglobin. Normal adult hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein consisting of two alpha chains and two beta chains. HBB codes for the beta chain, which is often referred to as beta globin. Mutant beta globin is responsible for the sickling of red blood cells seen in sickle cell anemia [2].
Sickle Cell Anemia - DrGreene.com - Caring For The Next Generation
Dr. Greene talks about sickle cell anemia, also known as HemoglobinS, including causes,treatments and prevention. sickle cell anemia.
http://www.drgreene.com/21_1186.html

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BioMed Central | Abstract | Aged Garlic Extract Therapy For Sickle Cell Anemia P
Aged garlic extract therapy for sickle cell anemia patients Junichiro Takasu 1, Rolando Uykimpang 1 , Maria Alenor Sunga 1 , Harunobu Amagase 2 and Yutaka
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2326/2/3/abstract

Extractions: Background Sickle cell anemia is one of the most prevalent hereditary disorders with prominent morbidity and mortality. With this disorder oxidative, phenomena play a significant role in its pathophysiology. One of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) formulations, aged garlic extract (AGE), has been reported to exert an anti-oxidant effect in vitro, we have evaluated the anti-oxidant effect of AGE on sickle red blood cells (RBC). Methods Results Conclusions These data suggest that there is a significant anti-oxidant activity of AGE on sickle RBC. AGE may be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorate complications of sickle cell anemia.
CBC.ca - Experiencing Technical Difficulties
Father calls sickle cell anemia 'neglected' disease Last Updated Mon, 17 Mar2003 193049 Wilson Sanon's 11year-old daughter has sickle cell anemia.
http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2003/03/17/sickle_cell030317
Sickle Cell And African-Americans
Sickle cell disease is a generic term for a groupof genetic disorders characterized by the predominance of hemoglobin S (Hb Ssickle cell anemia
http://www.blackhealthcare.com/BHC/SickleCell/Description.asp
African American Health Care And Medical Information
Coronary Heart Disease. Stroke. AIDS. Asthma. sickle cell anemia. CommunityBased Health Programs. Healthy Lifestyles. Disease Dictionary. Multimedia Library.
http://www.blackhealthcare.com/BHC/Index.asp
Hardin MD : Sickle Cell Anemia
From the University of Iowa, the *best* lists of Internet sources insickle cell anemia. sickle cell anemia. sickle cell anemia Pictures.
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/sicklecellanemia.html
Sickle Cell Anemia
body. In sickle cell anemia, the shape of hemoglobin is altered, andthe red blood cells can become rigid, pointy, and sticky. They
http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/sickle.html

Extractions: TESTS test not listed? ACTH AFB Culture AFP Maternal AFP Tumor Marker Albumin Aldosterone Allergies ALP ALT Amylase ANA Antibody Tests Apo A Apo B ApoE Genotyping AST Bilirubin Blood Culture Blood Gases BMP BNP Bone Markers BRCA BUN C-peptide CA-125 CA 15-3 CA 19-9 Calcium Cardiac Risk CBC CEA CF Gene Mutation Chlamydia Chloride Cholesterol CK CK-MB CMP Cortisol Creatinine Creatinine Clearance CRP CRP, high-sensitivity Cystatin C DHEAS Differential EGFR Electrolytes ESR Estrogen Estrogen Receptors Fecal Occult Blood Ferritin Flu Tests FSH Genotypic Resistance GFR GGT Glucose Gonorrhea Gram Stain Growth Hormone hCG HDL Hematocrit Hemoglobin Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Her-2/neu Herpes HIV Antibody Home Tests Homocysteine HPV H-pylori hs-CRP Insulin Iron Tests LD LDH LDL Lead LH Lipase Lipid Profile Liver Panel Lp(a) Lyme Disease Magnesium Microalbumin Mono Monoclonal Protein Myoglobin Pap Smear Phosphorus Platelets Potassium Prealbumin Progesterone Progest. Receptors Prolactin PSA PT PTH Red Count Renin Rheumatoid Factor Rubella Semen Analysis Serum Iron Sickle Cell Sodium Strep Throat Sweat Chloride Syphilis Tau/Aß42 TB Skin Test Testosterone Ther. Drug Monitoring
Sickle Cell Anemia
sickle cell anemia Understanding the Molecular Biology. Authors JohnM. Sabo, Jamie L. Lynch, and Deanna M. Raineri*. * Department
http://peptide.ncsa.uiuc.edu/tutorials_current/Sickle_Cell_Anemia/SC2001/
TUTORIAL: Sickle-cell Anemia
shaped. sickle cell anemia glossary. (Not updated to V.3.2!). Usingthe Biology WorkBench. treatment. Treatments of sickle cell anemia
http://peptide.ncsa.uiuc.edu/tutorials_current/Sickle_Cell_Anemia/

Extractions: mgrim@uiuc.edu Using the Biology Workbench , we will examine hemoglobin and the sequence of amino acids that make up this protein. This tutorial will demonstrate the simple mutation in the hemoglobin protein that single-handedly causes a terrible disease. From this mutation, we will look at the three-dimensional structure of the hemoglobin protein using a molecular imaging program. The ability to visualize and manipulate hemoglobin adds a dimension of understanding to the mechanism that causes the characteristic sickle-shaped red blood cells of sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which the patient's red blood cells have an abnormal shape much like that of a sickle. These sickled red blood cells are very fragile and the result is severe anemia, or decreased number of red blood cells. The disease causes many painful symptoms in patients. The abnormal shape of the cells in individuals with sickle cell anemia comes from a defective protein within the blood cells themselves. This defective protein is hemoglobin. The normal hemoglobin protein is made up of four parts, and therefore called a tetramer. Each part of the tetramer has the ability to bind an oxygen molecule and carry it from the lungs to the tissues in which oxygen is needed. When the defective hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia, referred to as Hb S, does not have an oxygen molecule bound, it tends to form a precipitate made up of lots of hemoglobin proteins stuck to each other. This precipitate is what causes the red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.
Medical References: Sickle Cell Disease
One of the most serious complications of sickle cell anemia is stroke,a bleed or blockage of blood within the blood vessels of the brain.
http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1221.asp

Extractions: It is an inherited disease of red blood cells which can cause attacks of pain, damage to vital organs, risk of serious infections and can lead to early death. Sickle cell disease affects the main protein inside the red blood cells called hemoglobin. The disease occurs when a person inherits one sickle cell gene from each parent or a combination of one sickle cell gene plus one of several other abnormal hemoglobin genes. Hemoglobin in the red blood cells carries oxygen from the lungs and takes it to every part of the body. The main hemoglobin in the red blood cells of people with sickle cell disease is not normal. Red blood cells containing mainly normal hemoglobin are round and flexible. In people with sickle cell disease, the abnormal hemoglobin forces the cells to lose their normally round and flexible shape, becoming distorted and rigid. Under a microscope, these abnormal cells may look like the C-shaped farm tool called a sickle. Sickle cells tend to become trapped and to be destroyed in small blood vessels (veins and arteries), the spleen, the liver and other organs. This results in a shortage of red blood cells, or anemia. Anemia can cause an affected child to be pale, short of breath, easily tired and have slowed growth and physical development. Certain conditions, such as infections or enlargement of the spleen, may worsen the anemia by speeding up destruction of red blood cells. Infections also can reduce red blood cell production, leading to worsening of anemia.

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