FAF - Preamble indigenous african Institutions. The Governmental Institutions of the Bantu Peoplesof Southern africa The Sources Of Law In tswana Tribal Courts Legislation http://www.freeafrica.org/features6b.html
Extractions: The Rule of Law and Economic Development in Africa Continue from Previous THE RULE OF LAW IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETY Though there is much diversity in the structures and complexities of African political systems, there is one fundamental underlying principle common to them which is often overlooked. As Vaughan (1986) stressed: Indigenous African states had courts to settle disputes and uphold individual and property rights within the community. Court hearings were open and any adult could attend them. Those present at court could air their opinions freely. The chief, who served as the judge, would weigh all viewpoints and reach a verdict. Bascom (1984) reported that, among the Yoruba, The Bale serves as the principal judge of the compound, presiding when disputes are brought before him, but cases are heard by all the elders and by any other members of the compound who may be present. If a titled chief lives in the compound, he is also responsible for settling disputes. A husband is responsible for settling quarrels within his own family; but if he is unsuccessful or if an argument involves members of two different families within the compound, it is referred to the Bale. Any cases which he cannot settle may be referred to the town chiefs, but every effort is made to reach a peaceful settlement within the compound (p.44). There were court systems in other West African societies, among the Fanti, the Asante, the Igbo and the Yoruba. Casely Hayford (1911) reported that:
Development Forum: Archives Land Policy when they proclaimed 19942004 the Decade of indigenous peoples? not Europeans butthe majority tswana tribe. I realise that the term 'indigenous' is commonly http://www2.worldbank.org/hm/hmlandpolicy/0060.html
Operation World - Detailed Information indigenous 90.9%. 9 major peoples speaking related dialects and numbering 8.2 mill. tswanaSotho210,000; Shangaan-Tsonga 143,000; Tonga 137,000; Kunda 134,000 http://www.gmi.org/ow/country/zimo/owtext.html
Extractions: Zimbabwe Republic of Zimbabwe December 8-9 Africa Quick Find Home About Us Authors Calendar CD Developer CD-ROM Contact Information Errata Web Links Factbook FAQ Feedback GMI Maps OM Literature One Hundred Days Operation World book Other Languages Overhead Transparencies OW Team Paternoster Permissions Policy Pray Today Prayer Resources Publisher Technical Support Technical Specifications Updates Wall Map Web Developer Window on the World Home Pray Today Summary Religion ... Tech Support click to enlarge Area 390,759 sq.km. Landlocked state in south-central Africa. Population Ann.Gr. Density 30 per sq. km. 33 per sq. km. 39 per sq. km. These UN-projected figures do not allow enough for the death rate due to AIDS. The possible 2025 population may be around 9 million. Capital Harare 2,300,000. Other major cities: Bulawayo 800,000, Gweru 130,000, Mutare 124,000. Urbanites Over 42 peoples. Indigenous Shona 70.5%. 9 major peoples speaking related dialects and numbering 8.2 mill. Nguni 14%. Ndebele 1.55m; Kalanga 196,000 (a Shona group being absorbed by Ndebele). Other 6.4%. Tswana-Sotho 210,000; Shangaan-Tsonga 143,000; Tonga 137,000; Kunda 134,000; Venda 114,000.
Arthur's S. A. Clipart The indigenous people clipart with special thanks to Barbara Tyrrel Arthur's SouthAfrica peoples and Places. tswana.gif tswana.gif, VENDA1.GIF VENDA1.GIF, VENDA2 http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/dante/944/peoplecol.htm
The Probert Encyclopaedia - People And Peoples (T-V) Tasaday The Tasaday are an indigenous people of the term for a cave dweller, designatingcertain peoples in the tswana The tswana are the majority ethnic group http://www.vets.com/questionmanager/encyclopaedia/ency1/CE.HTM
SOUTH AFRICAN EMBASSY - ANKARA / TURKEY A DIVERSITY OF peoples. English and Afrikaans include Xhosa, Sotho, Venda, tswana,Tsonga, Pedi These indigenous languages are as different to each other as http://www.southafrica.org.tr/eng/tourism10.htm
Extractions: T Tourist Publications - Welcome to South Africa WELCOME TO SOUTH AFRICA PUTTING SOUTH AFRICA ON THE MAP South Africa is a magnificent country blessed with extraordinary natural beauty and a rich cultural heritage. Its climate runs from temperate to sub-tropical; its landscapes range from stark desert to spectacular mountain to lush grassland and forest; its peoples can be found in rural subsistence communities or in cities as sophisticated and cosmopolitan as anywhere in the world. Situated at the southern tip of the African continent, South Africa has a land area of 1,3 million square kms (500,000 square miles), five times the size of Great Britain, and greater than California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona combined. This impressive stretch of land runs from the great Limpopo River in the north, all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Agulhas on the southernmost coast - a distance of nearly 2 000 kms (1 240 miles). Washed by the bracing Atlantic Ocean on the west and the balmy Indian Ocean on the east, South Africa has 3 600 kms of coastline (2 236 miles), so there is no shortage of stunning beaches for lovers of sunshine and water-sports.
Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. 1.5% (60% of Indians),indigenous beliefs and Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, tswana, Venda, Xhosa http://www.worldstats.org/world/south_africa.shtml
Extractions: note: South Africa took a census October 1996 that showed a population of 40,583,611 (after an official adjustment for a 6.8% underenumeration based on a postenumeration survey); estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Population growth rate:
Untitled 2. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY Southern africa was originally inhabited by indigenouspeoples whose main including Zulu, Sotho, Xhosa and tswana peoples. http://www.law.qub.ac.uk/humanrts/emergency/safrica/saf1.htm
Rhino Safaris originally referred to the language of one group of indigenous people in The economicpursuits of Lunda peoples are dictated by the region in tswana Botswana http://www.rhino-safaris.com/people.htm
Extractions: Das Word 'San' verwies urprünglich auf die Sprache eines im südlichen Afrika heimischen Volkes, deren gesamte Sprachgruppe als 'Khoisan' bezeichnet wurde und die auch Khoi-Khoi Dialekte umfaßte. Bald fiel der Ausdruck 'Buschmann' in Ungnade und die Europäer verwenden seither den Überbegriff 'San' für nicht negerartige Rassen des südlichen Afrikas. Heute leben etwa 40 000 Buschmänner auf dem Gebiet von Namibia. Nur ein kleiner Teil von ihnen lebt noch in der angestammten Weise als Jäger und Sammler. Schon in frühen Zeiten wurden die Buschmänner von anderen Völkern verachtet, gehaßt und verfolgt. Es wird heute von Wissenschaftlern angenommen, daß die Lebensweise der nomadischen Buschmänner seit etwa 20 000 Jahren unverändert geblieben ist. Die Buschmänner sind im heutigen Namibia und Botswana weitgehend ihrer natürlichen Lebensweise beraubt. Freie Jagd ist unzulässig und die Regierungen beider Länder bemühen sich die San mit allen Mitteln zur Seßhaftigkeit zu bewegen.
Home Page Press Releases / In The Media / Newsletters / Speeches of the International Alliance of indigenous peoples of the for the Tebtebba Foundation(indigenous Centre for Zulu, Xhosa, and tswana peoples attended, to http://www.dams.org/news_events/newsletter5.htm
Extractions: It's Not Just About Dams With less than eight months left to complete our work, the Commission has entered its final and critical phase. During the Commission's Regional Consultation for Africa/Middle East and our sixth Commission meeting, both held in Cairo in December, we took stock of our work and assessed it in light of the experience of other and previous global commissions. Based on our work to date, it is becoming clear that our final report will need to tackle head-on issues such as the following: the scope for influencing the supply and demand for water and energy services in varying contexts and economies redefining the options assessment process to create a more level playing field the effect of dams on indigenous people and the broader issue of competing rights and interests within societies the state of knowledge of hydropower as a clean energy option the changing global economy and financial world and implications for dam financing compliance with laws and policies and the need for effective incentives and sanctions
Musées Afrique indigenous Knowledge in South Tsonga, Swazi, Lovedu,Bushman, tswana, Shona, Chopi Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya . http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html
Extractions: Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12 Grahamstown Albany Museum. Natural Sciences and History Museums Somerset Street lu-ve 9-13 / 14-17; sa-di 14-17 Johannesburg MuseuMAfricA Newtown Cultural Precinct
General Human Rights Bibliography Value and SelfIdentity Among the tswana of South K. 1987 Women and Law in SouthernAfrica. The Political Struggle of the Guayana Region's indigenous peoples . http://www.aaanet.org/committees/cfhr/biblio.htm
Adam Carr's Electoral Archive Tsonga (4%), Swazi (2%) and Venda (1%) peoples. Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga,tswana, Venda, Xhosa Hindu 1.5% (60% of Indians), indigenous beliefs and http://psephos.adam-carr.net/southafrica/statssouthafrica.html
Extractions: Ethnicity: About 74% of South Africans are of black African descent. The largest ethnic groups are the Zulu (19%), Xhosa (15%), Pedi (8%), Tswana (6%), Sotho (6%), Tsonga (4%), Swazi (2%) and Venda (1%) peoples. About 14% of the population are of European descent, these being mainly Afrikaaners (of Dutch descent) (8%) and English (6%). About 9% of the population describe themselves as Coloured, meaning of mixed African, European and/or East Asian descent. About 3% of the population is of Indian descent. Languages: South Africa has 11 official languages: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. In practice English is the language of government and business. Most of the African population speak an African language plus Afrikaans or English or both. The Coloured population mainly speak Afrikaans.
Untitled came to be dominated by foreign peoples. Malagasy, Zulu, Xhosa, Creole, tswana, Sesotho,Shona Religions include indigenous beliefs, Muslim (mostly Eastern http://www.osearth.com/resources/sampleNWG/NWG_beta/reports/ssa/hist.html
Extractions: Sub-Saharan Africa was originally inhabited by a group of people who were probably the forefathers of the Pygmies, Bushmen and Hottentots of today. In 30,000 BC, they were pushed to the Northwest and South by another group of people who were taller and larger. Sub-Saharan Africa was home to several great kingdoms before European colonization. The Ghana Empire, which began in the fourth century and reached its height in the tenth century, commanding most of the area between Timbuktu and the Atlantic Ocean. The Mali Empire (also known as the Madingo Empire) was a trading kingdom which controlled most of West Africa as well as the city of Timbuktu and extended into the southern Sahara. Under Mansa Musa, the Mali Empire reached its apogee in the fourteenth century. The Arab traveler Ibn Batuta visited and wrote on the Mali empire in the mid-fourteenth century. Africa came to be dominated by foreign peoples. The Portuguese were the first to explore Sub-Saharan Africa in 1270. By the nineteenth century, Sub-Saharan Africa had been colonized by almost every European nation and was host to a series of battles, conflicts of interest and treaties. The dynamics of this colonial period for the most part determined Africa's borders today. Countries include: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
People - Culture And History - Tourism Of Botswana When groups of tswana peoples later began to move marginal existence, whether in largertswana villages or second largest group of indigenous huntergatherers http://www.gov.bw/tourism/culture_and_his/people.html
Extractions: The Batswana people at the celebration Botswana has an estimated population of 1.6 million (in 1999), about 60% have Tswana origin. About 75 per cent of the people of Botswana live in the eastern part of the country - in medium to large agricultural or urban settlements. The remaining 25 per cent live in the west of the country in smaller settlements. About 20 per cent of the total population lives in the four major urban areas - Gaborone Francistown Lobatse and Selebi-Phikwe BATSWANA The Tswana people are the largest group in Botswana and traditionally comprise of almost half or more of the country's total population. The three major Tswana groups were the Bakwena (who eventually came to settle on the Molepolole area), the Bangwato (who eventually came to settle the Shoshong/Palapye/ Serowe areas), and the Bangwaketse (who eventually came to settle the Kanye area). The Batswana are essentially agriculturalists with strong pastoral customs. Cattle are of extreme importance, both socially and economically. The number of cattle a man owns defines his wealth, and indicates his status and prestige. In the past, cattle were vital in the propitiation of the ancestors, the transfer of bride price and in other rituals. Today, cattle are still used as payment by a man's family to the family of his prospective wife, to compensate for the loss of one of the family (though this tradition is declining in the urban areas). Cattle also act as security against misfortune, as in times of need they can be sold or exchanged for other goods.
Lecture: Kalahari Ecology & Politics most tswana have 3part econ farmlands, cattle posts eg, 70s-80s SW Afr peoples Org(SWAPO) pushes into actually Khomani San won only indigenous land claim in http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/kalahari.html
Extractions: 10-15 Oct 2002 Peoples of Kalahari NIGER-KARDOFANIAN PHYLUM KHOISAN PHYLUM Bantu lang family Khoe lang family !Kung lang family Herero (PRIMARILY HERDERS) Tswana (PRIMARILY HERDERS, MIXED ECONOMY) Khoekhoe Khoe Bushmen (FORAGERS, MIXED ECONOMY) Bushmen (MIXED ECONOMY: FORAGERS, FISHERS, CATTLE POST WORKERS, HERDERS); various groups including Bantus Herero f/western stream of bantu exp, basically pure pastoralist, into cows Herero women dress emulates turn-cent German garb; remarkable as Germans exterminated most of them (see related article Germans in Namibia. 1904, herero attacked settlers. Germ sent general known for butchery; pushed them into desert, poisoned waterholes, shot many, put rest in labor camps. Pop went from 80k in 1907 to 15k in 1911. Herero women forced into sexual slavery so many mixed-race offspring; German studies in teens classify them as genetically inferior. Hitler reads the studies in prison in 1923 and used its notion of subhuman races in Mein Kampf.
GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Namibia - People and Portuguese), Nama, Caprivian (Lozi), Bushman, and tswana. Kavango, and East Caprivianpeoples, who occupy The Africans speak various indigenous languages. http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/wa/Namibia_people_summary.htm
Extractions: The Ovambo make up about half of Namibia's people. The Ovambo, Kavango, and East Caprivian peoples, who occupy the relatively well-watered and wooded northern part of the country, are settled farmers and herders. Historically, they have shown little interest in the central and southern parts of Namibia, where conditions do not suit their traditional way of life. Until the early 1900s, these tribes had little contact with the Nama, Damara, and Herero, who roamed the central part of the country vying for control of sparse pastureland. German colonial rule destroyed the warmaking ability of the tribes but did not erase their identities or traditional organization. People from the more populous north have settled throughout the country in recent decades as a result of urbanization, industrialization, and the demand for labor.
GoaToday-March 1998(South Africa's Surprises) coast where they were the first indigenous people to Sotho (North and South) and Tswanapopulated the cater to South africa's diverse peoples, the constitution http://www.goacom.com/goatoday/98/mar/keni.html
Extractions: A R C H I V E S It is not for nothing that South Africa is known as the 'Rainbow Country', says Chandrakant Keni. In addition to 11 official languages and several ethnic groups, the country even has 20,00 Konkani-speaking people A safari to see the Big Five - lion, rhino, buffalo, leopard and elephant - roaming free in their natural habitat is one of South Africa's greatest attractions. There are several such parks in that country, but Mala Mala is reputed to be the top safari in the world. It is an exciting experience in the midst of the dense African bush. Quite accidentally we caught sight of a wild bull - at least a bull-like animal - casually piercing one of its horns in the trunk of a high and apparently dried tree. Water gushed out from the trunk of the tree and the bull quenched its thirst in royal style. The sound of gushing water attracted a variety of thirsty animals and birds who flocked around the tree to have their share of water. Was it a miracle? My driver, a gentleman of Indian origin, told me that the name of the tree was Baobab. It is a most unusual deciduous tree of Africa. The interior of its trunk, which may develop up to 9 metres in diameter, and the lower branches are soft and spongy and can store large quantity of water. They are leafless for most of the year, to reduce water loss. It is a slow growing tree reaching up to 18 metres in height and lives for thousands of years.
Armoria Patriæ - South Africa (2000) South Sotho (Sesotho sa Borwa), tswana (Setswana) and inferior status of the indigenouspeoples under apartheid covers Central and Southern africa from the http://www.geocities.com/landswapen/SA2000E.html
Extractions: Arms taken into use on 27 April 2000 and published (Notice 425) in Government Gazette No 21 131 of 28 April 2000. This device is the product of a design studio and is not a work of heraldry. However there is a blazon, which reads: Arms: Or, representations of two San human figures of red ochre, statant respectant, the hands of the innermost arms clasped, with upper arm, inner wrist, waist and knee bands Argent, and a narrow border of red ochre; the shield ensigned of a spear and knobkierie in saltire, Sable. Thereabove a demi-secretary bird displayed Or, charged on the breast with a stylised representation of a protea flower with outer petals Vert, inner petals or and seeded of nine triangles conjoined in three rows, the upper triangle Gules, the second row Vert, Or inverted and Vert, and the third row Vert, Or inverted, Sable, Or inverted and Vert. Above the head of the secretary bird an arc of seven rays facetted Or and Orange, the two outer rays conjoined to the elevated wings.
Armoria Patriæ - North-West Province in natural colours (proper), which represents the tswana culture of the indigenouspeoples whose tribal would appear to be a use uncommon in South africa. http://uk.geocities.com/landswapen/9prov/NorthWest.html
Extractions: Arms for the North West Province registered with the Bureau of Heraldry on 7 May 1999. The blazon reads: Arms: Per saltire Gules and Azure, a saltire quadrate Vert, fimbriated Argent, charged in the centre with a representation of a calabash water container within a leather thong cradle, Or; the shield ensigned of a circlet edged Argent, the centre Or, resting thereupon a pair of horns Argent supporting a sunflower proper. These arms constitute the only device among the nine provinces which is explicitly based on the colours and (to some extent) forms of the national flag brought into use on 27 April 1994. This is perhaps because the province is a new creation under a régime unwilling to acknowledge that it is based essentially on the independent homeland state the Republic of Bophuthatswana
