Geometry.Net - Basic_T: Turkmenistan History

Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo
Origins and Early history; Formation of the Turkmen Nation; Incorporation intoRussia; Soviet turkmenistan; Sovereignty and Independence. Physical Environment
http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/tmtoc.html
MISC> History Of Turkmenistan
MISC history of turkmenistan. history of turkmenistan http//www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/history.html.history of turkmenistan beginning from 5000 BCE.
http://scout.wisc.edu/addserv/NH/99-01/99-01-28/0019.html
Turkmenistan : Arts And Humanities : History
turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history, turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history homepage, turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history web
http://vip.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Arts_and_Humanities/History/
IREX - Promoting Internet Development > IATP > Program News
TURKMEISTAN Learning About the history of turkmenistan On January 2526,twelve alumni got the straight story about turkmenistan's history.
http://www.irex.org/programs/iatp/news/2002/0125_iatpbrief.asp

Extractions: Belarusian IATP volunteer Alexander Korablyev led a new seminar on photomontage techniques at the public access site in Minsk on January 24-25. Alexander, who had recently completed an IATP course in web design, introduced the participants to Adobe Photoshop software and its various capabilities, focusing on the artistic possibilities opened by its features. The group learned how to combine and juxtapose different images and use image effects to create abstract works of art. The software allows artists and web designers to add to their repertoire of tools and extend the reach of their artistic vision. MOLDOVA On January 25, IATP Ungheni hosted a one-hour seminar on methods of disseminating information about civil society projects through the Internet. The event was organized specifically for a group of seven local NGOs that had requested support and assistance from IATP. Veaceslav Fusa, the IATP Ungheni trainer, presented examples of current collaboration with similar organizations in Moldova and explored examples of NGO publicity throughout the world. A secondary purpose of the seminar was to increase the amount of local NGO web content. Fusa focused on local web development, presenting a traditional Moldovan handicrafts site (http://www.iatp.md/artizanat) hosted by IATP as a successful example of local project publicity. As a result of the event, NGO representatives plan to expand their web activity in collaboration with IATP.
Turkmenistan 1869-1917 Turkmenistan 1917-1925 Turkmenistan 1925-
turkmenistan Virtual Library turkmenistan, from ICARP; has short history section;further links on the history of turkmenistan, from Eurasianet; further
http://stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de/whkmla/region/centrasia/xturkmenistan.html
TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents - Turkmenistan
The Washington DC Embassy presents this material about the history of turkmenistan.To Country Main Page To TDS Home Page Travel Document Systems
http://www.traveldocs.com/tm/history.htm

Extractions: Turkmenistan The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horse-breeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the Altay Mountains, and grazed along the outskirts of the Karakum Desert into Persia, Syria, and Anatolia. Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century B.C. on his way to India. One hundred fifty years later the Parthian Kingdom took control of Turkmenistan, establishing its capital in Nisa, an area now located in the suburbs of the modern-day capital of Ashgabat. In the 7th century A.D. Arabs conquered this region, bringing with them the Islamic religion and incorporating the Turkmen into Middle Eastern culture. It was around this time that the famous "Road" was established as a major trading route between Asia and Europe. In the middle of the 11th century, the powerful Turks of the Seldjuk Empire concentrated their strength in the territory of Turkmenistan in an attempt to expand into Afghanistan. The empire broke down in the second half of the 12th century, and the Turkmen lost their independence when Genghis Khan took control of the eastern Caspian Sea region on his march west. For the next 7 centuries the Turkmen people lived under various empires and fought constant intertribal wars amongst themselves. From the 16th century on, Turkmen raiders on horseback preyed on passing caravans, pillaging and taking prisoners for the slave trade. After kidnapping Russians from the expanding Tsarist Empire, the Turkmen fell into trouble. Russia sent forces to Turkmenistan, and in 1881 fighting climaxed with the massacre of 7,000 Turkmen at the desert fortress of Geok Depe, near modern Ashgabat; another 8,000 were killed trying to flee across the desert. By 1894 imperial Russia had taken control of Turkmenistan. The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia and subsequent political unrest led to the declaration of the Turkmen Republic as one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union in 1924. At this time the modern borders of Turkmenistan were formed. The Turkmen Republic was under full control of Moscow, which exploited its raw materials resources for the purposes of the Soviet Union. Sovereignty was only a formality, since Russia ultimately ruled all Soviet states.
Turkmenistan Airline-History
history. Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi, establishing the prehistoricpresence of humans in the area that is today known as turkmenistan.
http://www.t5turkmenistan.com/History.htm

Extractions: History Tools from the stone age have been discovered along the Caspian Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi, establishing the pre-historic presence of humans in the area that is today known as Turkmenistan. The remains of farming settlements in the Kopet-Dag mountains date back 8,000 years. By the 6th century B.C., the powerful Persian Empire had established the provinces of Parthia and Margiana, is what is now Turkmenistan. In the 4th century B.C., the Persian Empire was defeated by the army of Alexander the Great. In 330 B.C., Alexander marched northward into central Asia and founded the city of Alexandria near the Murgab River. Located on an important trade route, Alexandria later became the city of Merv (modern Mary).The ruins of Alexander's ancient city are still visible along the banks of the Murgab River. After Alexander's death in 323 B.C., kingdom fell Scythians, who established the kingdom of Parthia, which covered present-day Turkmenistan and Iran. Parthia fell in A.D. 224 to the Sasanian rulers of Persia. Although Turkmenistan was still populated mostly by nomadic herders, permanent settlements were prospering in the fertile river valleys. Central Asia came under Arab control after a series of invasions in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. Meanwhile, the Oguz, the ancestors of the Turkmen, were migrating from eastern Asia into central Asia. The Arab conquest brought the Islamic religion to the Oguz and to the other peoples of central Asia.
The Great Silk Road.History Of Central Asia:Turkmenistan
15 days razed it Historical Museum The pride of Ashgabat's tiny National HistoryMuseum is Anau Anau is the site of another of turkmenistan's vanished cities.
http://kyrgyzstan.agava.ru/turk.htm

Extractions: Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul, adventures, Issyk Kul, Silk Road, the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan,Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul,Silk Road,the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan Abonement Box #1317, Bishkek, 72010, Kyrgyzstan E-mail: support@kyrgyzstan.agava.ru Nissa was founded about 4-3 century B.C as the capital of the Parthians, nomads who pushed back Alexander's Creek armies and gained an empire stretching to the Euphrates and to the Indus. In its prime Nissa was reinforced with 43 towers, sheltering the Royal Palace and a couple of temples, and surrounded by a thriving commercial city. One ruling dynasty replaced another until the 13th century when the Mongols arrived, laid siege to the city and after 15 days razed it
Latif: Sights In Turkmenistan
1972, undertaken by the Russian Institute of Archaeology of Academy of Sciences andthe turkmenistan Academy of Sciences Institute of history, Archaeology and
http://www.turkmenistan-travel.com/sights.htm
TRAVEL.com ® ... Regional:Asia:Turkmenistan:Society_and_Culture:History
Results 1 1 of at least 1 history of turkmenistan - geocities.com/Athens/5246/history.htmlhistory of turkmenistan with maps, links and articles.
http://www.travel.com/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Society_and_Culture/History/

Extractions: Languages: Chinese Deutsch Español Français ... More... (~70 Languages) Welcome to... Flights Lodging Cars Cruises ... Web Directories (2.5 Million URLs) Search Countries: Africa Asia Caribbean Central America ... South America Special Deals Continental Airline Vacations Future Vacations Delta (Airline) Vacations Lodging.com Hot Deals ... Priceline - Disneyland Deals Travel Info Advisories (USA Gov't) ATM Locator Driving Directions Embassies ... Weather Travel Products Foreign Currencies (Buy) Insurance Luggage, Apparel, Adapters Publications ... Sporting Goods NEW! Messaging Forums - Don't be shy! Click on the Forums tab above to exchange travel info with users worldwide. NEW! Hotel Specials and Destination Guides Caribbean Florida Mexico Hawaii ... Turkmenistan History
CSEEES - Turkmenistan
history of turkmenistan from ancient times to the present day. Holidays turkmenistan Ever wondered what holidays they celebrate in turkmenistan?
http://www.duke.edu/web/CSEEES/turkmen.html
LycosZone Directory > Homework > History And Current Events > Russian History (a
What kind of turkmenistan Websites are you looking for? history Culture history page of the turkmenistan embassy's page. Grade Level 9-12,
http://www.lycoszone.com/dir/Homework/History and Current Events/Russian History
History
us history This page is currently under construction. About us Catalog How to order history turkmenistan Contact us .
http://www.turkmenistan-online.com/cp_history.html
Turkmenistan
This page is currently under construction. National emblem of turkmenistan About us Catalog How to order history turkmenistan Contact us .
http://www.turkmenistan-online.com/cp_tstan.html
History Of Turkmenistan
Sayfayý Yazdýr, history of turkmenistan. The name of Turkmen thatwas firstly used in a Sogut letter in the century VIII was used
http://www.ozturkler.com/data_english/0006/0006_07_03.htm

Extractions: The name of Turkmen that was firstly used in a Sogut letter in the century VIII was used as a general identification name for the Turks and particularly the Muslim Oguz tribes that led a settled life since the century X. Nowadays, the name of Turkmen is used with a narrow sense for the Turks that live in the Republic of Turkmenistan and those are the members of Turkmen tribes living in Iraq, Iran, Syria and Anatolia. The most reasonable opinion about the etymology of this word is the opinion that states that the suffix of man, -men that were observed in the words such as Kuman, Karaman, Ataman, Kolemen, Kogmen, etc. were attached to the end of the word of Turk. Turkmen Turkic language belongs to the Oguz Turkish of the Turkish language together with Azerbaijani, Turkey and Khorasan Turkish languages. Pursuant to Nadir Shah that was the Turkish ruler of the Safevi State, Turkmen people suffered from the attacks of the Iranians and Hive people. Then, they started to expand towards the region of Merv since the year of 1835. The Castle of Oraz was constructed in the banks of Tecend Darya River. However, they encountered the sudden attacks of the Persian and Hive people.
Welcome To Turkmenistan
To fulfill the tasks assigned to it, the National Museum will conduct research intothe history of turkmenistan and the study of its arts, using national and
http://siyakhat.narod.ru/museum.html

Extractions: Turkmenistan's National Museum was "born" on the January, 5, 1998. On that day the President of the country signed a statement setting out its future. The construction of the building was already completed, but work to equip the interior and shape its displays was still to come. The museum traces its roots back to the XIX century and a small amateur collection of household artifacts and examples of Turkmen workmanship which were displayed at the Russian industrial exhibition in Nizhni Novgorod in 1896. The exhibits were returned to Ashkhabad and used to found the Transcaspian Regional Museum, 100 years ago, on of March, 17, 1899. It soon became the single centre for the study of local nature, ethnography and history, with natural history as its main direction for a long time.
Asian American Net: Turkmenistan
turkmenistan Resource Page. Brief history, maps, fact book ethnic info,arts culture, govt. departments, business, international involvement.
http://www.asianamerican.net/turkmen_main.html

Extractions: American Embassy in Ashgabat President of Turkmenistan ... CIA Factbook : Country Profile Encyclopaedia Britannica : Article Page Library of Congress, Area Handbook : Country Study Country Profile : US AID World Flag Database: Turkmenistan Flags Of The World: Turkmenistan U.S. Energy Information Administration, DOE : Country Fact Sheet Ethnologue: Languages of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan (11/02)
EOPLE AND history The territory of turkmenistan has been populated since ancienttimes, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2866.htm

Extractions: Terrain: 80% covered in subtropical, sandy Karakum Desert, with dunes rising to the Kopet Dag Mountains in the south along the border with Iran; borders the Caspian Sea to the west and the Amu Darya River and Uzbekistan to the east; borders Afghanistan to the southeast, Kazakhstan to the north. People
History Of Turkmenistan
com! turkmenistan No Brief history Currently Available, Brief history;Main Country Page; Vital Statistics; Embassy Info; Travel Guides.
http://www.muchofun.com/history/turkmenistan_history.html
Banknotes.com - Image Gallery - Banknotes Of Turkmenistan
P13, 10000 Manat 2000 Turkmen-chief's Palaces, Obverse Reverse.Country Info Views of turkmenistan history of turkmenistan.
http://www.banknotes.com/tm.htm

Extractions: Banknotes of Turkmenistan Asia Index World Index Banknotes for Sale Consignment List ... Numismatic Books Cat # Description Image P-1 1 Manat ND(1993) (Academy, Temple) P-2 5 Manat ND(1993) (Mausoleum, horn P-3 10 Manat ND(1993) (Niazov, buildings) P-4b 20 Manat 1995 (Niazov, National Library) P-5b 50 Manat 1995 (Monument, mosque) P-6b 100 Manat 1995 (Presidential Palace) P-7b 500 Manat 1995 (Theatre, Mausoleum) P-8 1000 Manat 1995 (President Niazov, arms) P-9 5000 Manat 1996 (President Niazov, arms) P-10 10000 Manat 1996 (Presidential Palace) P-11 10000 Manat 1998 Mosque of Saparmurat P-12 10000 Manat 1999 Palace of Turkmenbashy P-13 10000 Manat 2000 Turkmen-chief's Palaces Country Info

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