1. Acids & Bases Problem Set University of Arizona Biochemistry Department provides this tutorial. Learn about the solvent properties of water, pH, and buffering capacity. Acids and Bases Problem set http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/ph/ph.html

Acids and Bases Problem set In this problem set, you will learn about the solvent properties of water, pH, pKa and buffering capacity. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. Water as a solvent What is pH? Physiological pH Calculating pH ... The Biology Project The University of Arizona January 6, 1999 Contact the Development Team http://www.biology.arizona.edu CREDITS

2. CHE2.2-Acids & Bases en español. Acids Bases. An Introduction http://www.visionlearning.com/library/science/chemistry-2/CHE2.2-acid_base.htm

MyClassroom About Visionlearning en español An Introduction by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D. For thousands of years people have known that vinegar, lemon juice and many other foods taste sour. However, it was not until a few hundred years ago that it was discovered why these things taste sour - because they are all acids. The term acid, in fact, comes from the Latin term acere , which means sour. While there are many slightly different definitions of acids and bases, in this lesson we will introduce the fundamentals of acid/base chemistry. In the seventeenth century, the English writer and amateur chemist Robert Boyle first labeled substances as either acids or bases (he called bases alkalies) according to the following characteristics: Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals, change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases. Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids. While Boyle and others tried to explain why acids and bases behave the way they do, the first reasonable definition of acids and bases would not be proposed until 200 years later.

3. ChemTeam: Acid Base The Observable Properties of acids and bases The word acid and alkaline (older word for base) are derived from direct sensory experience. Acid Property 1. The word acid comes from the Latin word acere, which means "sour." All acids taste sour. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/AcidBase/AcidBase.html

Acid Base Table of Contents "Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence." - Abigail Adams Observable Properties of Acids and Bases Early Acid Base Theories: Lavoisier and Davy Svante Arrhenius' Theory of Acids and Bases A warning about putting numbers into the calculator ... Calculations Involving Salts of Weak Bases Buffers: The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The Lewis Definition of Acids and Bases Examples of Lewis Acids Examples of Lewis Bases End Point: Titration Curves and Acid-Base Indicators Imformation for DBHS students on Experiment 20A Worksheets for DBHS students and some additional lecture notes Return to ChemTeam Main Menu Special Note: there are calculator instructions scattered throughout this unit. I am assuming you are using a standard, non-graphical scientific calculator. I will not provide instructions for those of you with fancy RPN calculators or those of you with a TI-93 million (or whatever). Read your instructional booklet and practice your technique on problems for which you know the answer. Asking your teacher how to enter numbers into your calculator while the test is going on makes a poor statement about something. I'm not sure what, but definitely something is being stated.

4. Chem4Kids.com:Reactions:Acids And Bases acids AND bases ARE EVERYWHERE Look around you and every liquid you see will probablybe either an acid or a base. The only exception would be distilled water. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidbase.html

Reactions Thermodynamics Equilibrium Reaction Rates ... Stoichiometry More Information: P4K:Thermodynamics Search ACIDS AND BASES ARE EVERYWHERE Look around you and every liquid you see will probably be either an acid or a base. The only exception would be distilled water. Distilled water is just water. That's it. Most water you drink has ions in it. It is those ions which make something acidic or basic. In your body there are small compounds called Amino Acids. Those are acids (Duhh). In fruits there is something called Citric Acid. That's an acid too (Duhh again). But what about baking soda? When you put that in water it makes a base. Vinegar? Acid. Scientists use something called the " pH " scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. The scale goes from "0" to "14". Distilled water is 7 (right in the middle). Acids are found between "0" and "7". Bases are from "7" to "14". Most of the liquids you find every day have a pH near "7", either a little below, or a little above. When you start looking at the pH of chemicals the numbers go to the extremes. If you ever go into a chemistry lab, you could find solutions with a pH of "1" and others with a pH of "14". Those chemicals are very dangerous. There are pH values higher than 14 and lower than 0, but let's just start with 0-14. NAMES TO KNOW Here are a couple of definitions you should know...

5. Acids And Bases Features a clear description on acids and bases. Provides definitions, a pH scale, and links to related information. http://www.chem4kids.com/reactions/acidbase.html

6. Acids And Bases - PH Chemistry Acid and base lecture notes, definitions, tutorials, study guides, tables, and other resources. Correct answers only (not explanations) are provided. acids, bases, and Salts http://chemistry.about.com/cs/acidsandbases

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Chemistry Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Chemistry with Anne Marie Helmenstine Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Periodic Table of the Elements Chemistry How-To Guide Chemical Structures Archive ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Acids and Bases Guide picks Here are lecture notes, tutorials, definitions, study guides, tables, and other resources to make those acid-base problems easier. Acid-Base Indicators Learn what an acid-base indicator is and how it works. A table is provided with names of indicators, pH indicator ranges, indicator concentrations in water or alcohol, and colors. Acid and Base Definitions Your Guide presents Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases. Lists of properties of acids and bases and common examples are provided. How to Make Red Cabbage pH Indicator Make your own pH indicator solution! Red cabbage juice indicator is easy to make, exhibits a wide range of colors, and can be used to make your own pH paper strips. Acid and Base pH Tutorial This tutorial from the University of British Columbia offers notes and self-directed exercises to help students with the fundamental concepts of acid-base chemistry. The tutorial is aimed at first year university students having no prior knowledge of acid-base chemistry.

7. Cyber Ed® - Cyber Ed® Multimedia Courseware Multimedia Courseware for general Chemistry, including atomic structure, bonding, formulas and equations, stoichiometry, nomenclature, acids and bases, and periodic table. Available for Windows and Macintosh. http://www.cybered.net/products/subjects/science/CyberEdChemistry/

Atomic Structure Bonding I Bonding I I Chemical Equilibrium ... Support To Order Toll-Free: Contact Us

8. Junior Part - Acids, Bases And Salts Scan this guide to acids and bases. It covers such topics as the preparation of salts and formula determination. http://www.rjclarkson.demon.co.uk/junior/junior4.htm

Acids, Bases and Salts Formulae determination Acids definition properties, pH examples Preparation of Salts solubilities of compounds soluble salts from insoluble bases e.g. copper(II) sulphate, CuSO experimental sheet soluble salts from soluble bases e.g. sodium chloride, NaCl experimental sheet insoluble salts from insoluble bases e.g. lead iodide, PbI experimental sheet Dehydration of salts general notes experimental sheet back to top Acids, Bases and Salts - Formulae determination Tables of charges Positive ions - Charge Element / Compound ion Na, K, Li, Ag, H, NH , Cs, Rb Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe ( iron(II) compounds) Al, Fe ( iron(III) compounds ) Negative ions - Charge Element / Compound ion F, Cl, Br, I, OH, NO , NO , HCO O, S, SO , SO , CO Notes Salts are composed of a positive ion and a negative ion. The overall charge on the compound formed must be zero. If the positive ion and the negative ion both have the same charge, then the salt is simply a combination of the two ions. e.g.

9. The Observable Properties Of Acids And Bases The Observable Properties of acids and bases. The property below identifiesa unique chemical reaction that acids and bases engage in. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/AcidBase/Acid-Base-Properties.html

The Observable Properties of Acids and Bases Return to the Acid Base menu The word acid and alkaline (older word for base) are derived from direct sensory experience. Acid Property #1. The word acid comes from the Latin word acere , which means "sour." All acids taste sour. Well known from ancient times were vinegar, sour milk and lemon juice. Aspirin tastes sour if you don't swallow it fast enought. Its scientific name is acetosallicylic acid! Other languages derive their word for acid from the meaning of sour. So, in France, we have acide. In Germany, we have from saure and in Russia, kislota from kisly. Base Property #1. The word "base" has a more complex history (see below) and its name is not related to taste. All bases taste bitter. Mustard tastes bitter. Many medicines, cough syrup is one, taste bitter. This is the reason cough syrups are advertised as having a "great grape taste." The taste is added in order to cover the bitterness of the active ingredient in cough syrup. Acid Property #2. In 1663, Robert Boyle wrote that acids would make a blue vegetable dye called "litmus" turn red.

10. Acids & Bases Problem Set acids and bases Problem set. Question 1 Water as a solvent. Tutorialto help answer the question Which of the following properties http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/ph/01t.html

Acids and Bases Problem set Question 1: Water as a solvent Tutorial to help answer the question Which of the following properties of water explains its ability to dissolve acetic acid? A. The high surface tension of water, which is due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules. B. The ability to serve as a buffer, absorbing the protons given off by acetic acid. C. The ability to orient water molecules so that their polarities neutralize the ions formed when the acid dissociates. D. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl and the hydroxyl groups of acetic acid. Tutorial Water, The Major Biological Solvent Water can stabilize ionized forms of molecules, such as Na , Cl , K , Mg , Ca , SO , PO , and HCO . Water molecules adjacent to the ion simply orient themselves in such a way that the partially negative oxygen atoms surround a positive ion, while partially positive hydrogens surround a negative ion. For example, in the illustration below sodium chloride is shown in its crystalline form (left) and dissolved in water (right). Water can form hydrogen bonds The ability of water to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules or with other polar compounds is important for two reasons: it gives water great cohesion and resistance to vaporization

11. Acids And Bases OSU chemistry department offers this study aid which covers acids and bases. Scan the long list of topics and take a quiz for each. http://lrc-srvr.mps.ohio-state.edu/under/chemed/qbank/quiz/bank12.htm

Acids and Bases Previous Test Bank Test Banks Menu Next Test Bank Solutions of Strong Acids and Bases Conjugate Acids and Bases pH Calculations from Acid Concentration pH for a Solution of a Base Hydronium Ion Concentration from pH Hydroxide Ion Concentration from pH Effect of Temperature on K w Strength of Conjugate Acid and Base Pairs Acid Equilibrium and Lechatelier's Principle Manipulating K a Values Hydronium Ion [H O ] from Ionization Constant Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration from Ionization of Hydrated Metal Ions Ionization Constant from Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration Ionization Constant of Hydrated Metal Ions from Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration pH from Acid Concentration and Ionization Constant Calculations Using Quadratic Formula Qualitative Observations on the Hydrolysis of Salts Acid/conjugate Base Ratios Hydrolysis Constant from Ionization Constant Hydroxide Ion Concentration from Hydrolysis Hydronium Ion Concentration from Hydrolysis pH from Hydrolysis Hydronium Ion Concentration for a Buffer Solution pH of a Buffer Solution pH for Buffer Solution from pK a Polyprotic Acids Strength of Acids Percent Ionization Using Quadratic Expression K a from Percent Ionization Equivalent Weight of An Acid pH During a Titration Undergraduate Chemistry Department Home Chemistry Undergrad Home Undergraduate Program ... College of Math and Physical Sciences Web Support: email Computer Support: Computer Staff

12. CHEMTUTOR ACIDS AND BASES acids AND bases. bases. pH OF STRONG acids AND bases. Strong acidsand bases have all of the dissolved material completely ionized. http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm

ACIDS AND BASES What is an acid or a base? Properties of acids. Properties of bases. Strong acids and bases. ... Titration and pH math problems. WHAT IS AN ACID OR A BASE? By the 1884 definition of Svante Arrhenius (Sweden), an acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H ). Hydrogen chloride in water solution ionizes and becomes hydrogen ions and chloride ions. If that is the case, a base, or alkali, is a material that can donate a hydroxide ion (OH We can consider the same idea in the Lowry- Brønsted fashion. Each ionizable pair has a proton donor and a proton acceptor. Acids are paired with bases. One can accept a proton and the other can donate a proton. Each acid has a proton available (an ionizable hydrogen) and another part, called the conjugate base . When the acid ionizes, the hydrogen ion is the acid and the rest of the original acid is the conjugate base. Nitric acid, HNO dissociates (splits) into a hydrogen ion and a nitrate ion. The hydrogen almost immediately joins to a water molecule to make a hydronium ion. The nitrate ion is the conjugate base of the hydrogen ion. In the second part of the reaction, water is a base (because it can accept a proton) and the hydronium ion is its conjugate base. HNO H O NO H O ACID BASE CONJUGATE BASE CONJUGATE ACID In a way, there is no such thing as a hydrogen ion or proton without anything else. They just don't exist naked like that in water solution. Remember that

13. Exploring Acids And Bases around your home. In addition, you will learn how chemists use thepH scale to describe acids and bases. The most striking property http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HOMEEXPTS/ACIDBASE.html

14. Acids/Bases the differences of acids/bases, 2) demonstrate how to test for acids and bases, and 3) communicate the significance of http://www.iit.edu/~smile/cb1398.htm

Biology /Chemistry Acids/Bases Chandra E. Price Burnham/Anthony Inclusive 10516 S. Wood St. 1903 East 96 Street Chicago IL 60643 Chicago IL 60617 Objective(s) The student will be able to: 1) distinguish between the differences of acids/bases, 2) demonstrate how to test for acids and bases, and 3) communicate the significance of testing for acids and bases. Materials Needed Detergent-quart, shampoo- quart Lemon-juice-quart Milk-quart Orange-juice-quart Tomato-juice-quart Baking-soda Salt-shaker Peroxide-quart Red-cabbage-small Apple-juice Containers-plastic-25 Hot plate distilled water Paper towels eye droppers station signs Pepto Bismol acid rain paper towels Markers spoons antacid tablets Pickle juice large containers transparent containers Safety glasses pot holders aprons Vocabulary Acid, base, chemistry, indicator Strategies Strategy 1 Introduction: What you Know, What you will Learn What you have learned.). Strategy 2 Dramatization: Traditional vs. Phenomenological Ms. Traditional asked her students to read and answer questions about acids and bases. She gave little explanation and no hands on activities for the students to become involved. When she went over the assignment the majority of the class did not complete the assignment. However, in Ms. Phenomenological the atmosphere was different. She began eating an orange and indicated that her mouth was burning. She asked the students what they thought her problem was? Someone responded, "there might be too much acid in that orange". What a great statement! Then, she states, "we are going to learn about acids and bases."

15. Acids And Bases Definitions of acids and bases and the Role of Water Properties of acids andbases According to Boyle. The Arrhenius Definition of acids and bases. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch11/acidbaseframe.html

Definitions of Acids and Bases and the Role of Water Properties of Acids and Bases According to Boyle The Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases The Role of H and OH ... The Role of Water in the Brønsted Theory Properties of Acids and Bases According to Boyle In 1661 Robert Boyle summarized the properties of acids as follows. 1. Acids have a sour taste. 2. Acids are corrosive. 3. Acids change the color of certain vegetable dyes, such as litmus, from blue to red. 4. Acids lose their acidity when they are combined with alkalies. The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus , which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. Examples: Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water. Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid. Milk turns sour when it spoils because lactic acid is formed, and the unpleasant, sour odor of rotten meat or butter can be attributed to compounds such as butyric acid that form when fat spoils. In 1661 Boyle summarized the properties of alkalies as follows.

16. Acids And Bases acids and bases. H 2 O pK a = 15.7. An important features of the Brønstedtheory is the relationship it creates between acids and bases. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/3organic/acids.html

Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Brønsted Acid-Base Theory Acid-Dissociation Equilibrium Constant pH, pOH, and pK ... Carbanion Attack at a Carbonyl Group Acids and Bases For more than 300 years, substances that behaved like vinegar have been classified as acids , while those that have properties like the ash from a wood fire have been called alkalies or bases . The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus , which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water; lemon juice is sour because it contains citric acid; milk turns sour when it spoils because of the formation of lactic acid; and the sour odor of rotten meat can be attributed to carboxylic acids such as butyric acid formed when fat spoils. Today, when chemists use the words "acid" or "base" they refer to a model developed independently by Brønsted, Lowry, and Bjerrum. Since the most explicit statement of this theory was contained in the writings of Brønsted, it is most commonly known as the "Brønsted acid-base" theory. Brønsted Acid-Base Theory Brønsted argued that all acid-base reactions involve the transfer of an H ion, or proton. Water reacts with itself, for example, by transferring an H

17. Acids And Bases acids and bases an acid is any compound or ion which yields hydrogen ions in watersolution and a base is any compound or ion which yields hydroxyl ions in http://www.chemistry.co.nz/acids_and_bases.htm

Previous Level Chemistry Defined Time Capsule Famous Scientists [ Acids and Bases ] Redox Reactions Equations What is a Mole? Cooking at Altitude ... Links Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Take the quiz then check your grading. Excellent resource! CHEMystery: Acids and Bases One of the best information resources ChemTeam: Acid Base Very comprehensive tutorials. A calculator is required for the problem solving areas! W.J. Mouat Chemistry 12 Home Page This web page was produced by Mark Iannone, who is a Chemistry teacher at W. J. Mouat Secondary School in Abbotsford, B.C. Canada. Review questions and answers are provided for each unit in Chemistry 12. Scholarship level questions, which are more challenging, and answers are also provided. Explanations of Acid-Base Behavior The first quantitative approach to acid-base equilibria was developed around 1884 by the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius. According to his Arrhenius theory, an acid is any compound or ion which yields hydrogen ions in water solution and a base is any compound or ion which yields hydroxyl ions in water solution. Acids, Bases, and Salts

18. Acid And Base Terms And Concepts acids and bases. Terms and Concepts. There are several methods of definingacids and bases. While these definitions don't contradict http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/blacidbase.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Chemistry Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Chemistry with Anne Marie Helmenstine Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Periodic Table of the Elements Chemistry How-To Guide Chemical Structures Archive ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Acids and Bases Terms and Concepts Related Resources Acids and Bases CHEM 101 Chemistry Glossary From Other Guides Physics Homework/Study Tips Biology There are several methods of defining acids and bases. While these definitions don't contradict each other, they do vary in how inclusive they are. Antoine Lavoisier, Humphry Davy, and Justus Liebig also made observations regarding acids and bases, but didn't formalize definitions. Svante Arrhenius acids produce H ions in aqueous solutions bases produce OH ions in aqueous solutions water required, so only allows for aqueous solutions only protic acids are allowed; required to produce hydrogen ions

19. Acids Bases And Salts acids bases and Salts. 1. Electrolytes. Electrolytes are compounds AcidBase2. 2. Arrhenius Theory. acids and bases Defined Acid. An acid is http://www.chemistrycoach.com/acids.htm

Electrolytes Arrhennius Theory Bronsted Theory Lewis Theory Acids Bases and Salts 1. Electrolytes Electrolytes are compounds that ionize in water to produce aqueous solutions that conduct an electric current. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not ionize, remain as molecules, and do not conduct an electric current. Strength : Strong electrolytes are molecules that ionize 100% (or nearly so) and conduct an electric current well. Weak electrolytes barely or partially ionize; most molecules remaining un-ionized, and conduct an electric current poorly. Examples : Nitric acid (HNO ) is a strong electrolyte. HNO + NO If 1.00 mole of HNO is dissolved in water, it will ionize to produce 1.00 mole of H and 1.00 mole of NO . There will not be any HNO left, unionized. By contrast, one mole of a weak electrolyte will produce much less than 1.00 mole of its constituent ions. One mole of acetic acid HC H O + C H O might produce .05 moles of H and .05 moles of C H O and still contain .95 moles of the original acetic acid. Some problems with detailed solutions 1. Calculate the concentrations of ions in .020 M HCl solution. HCl is a strong electrolyte.

20. Tutorials-4 quiz (Chem Place). acids and bases the basics. acids and bases (WiltonHigh School) what are acids and bases? (Logan) acid base http://www.chemistrycoach.com/tutorials-4.htm

tutorials with emphasis on applicability to high school chemistry last updated 3/14/02 links verified 3/14/02 All of the following tutorials should be useful for high school chemistry. Those of special merit to Chemistry Coach are identified with a ..tutorials: page tutorials: page home Mathematical Skills have outgrown this page and have moved to another page: Click to go there Classification Schemes ... Environmental Chemistry "If you're not part of the solution, your part of the precipitate" (found on Susan Loder's Web Site) Solutions Solubility solutions solutions (Logan) solutions (UCI) the facts about solutions (Chem 101) introduction to solutions (Chem Team) the common solution (Erik) types of solutions (ChemWeb) properties of solutions (Bemidji State) chapter 12: solutions (University of South Carolina) dissolution, evolution, and precipitation (U Alberta) solutions and mixtures (Bellevue CC) how things dissolve (Bellevue CC) dissolution processes (University of Missouri-Rolla) preparation of solutions (Frontier High School) solutions quizzes (OSU) solutions quizzes (UMass) more water, solutions, and electrolytes

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