81. Bronsted Acids And Bases BRONSTED acids AND bases. It is noted that some substances, notablywater, may be acids or bases depending on what they react with. http://www.fsj.ualberta.ca/chimie/learning_tools/Acids_Bronsted.html

BRONSTED ACIDS AND BASES This lesson begins with the definition of a Bronsted acid-base reaction: a proton transfer. Such a transfer is animated. The student is presented with reactions, and is asked to point to the proton donor, the proton acceptor, the acid, or the base. It is noted that some substances, notably water, may be acids or bases depending on what they react with. Next, conjugate acids and bases are introduced, and the student is requested to find conjugate pairs in various reactions. The student discovers that when something reacts with water as an acid, H O is produced, and when something reacts as a base with water, OH is produced. The dissociation constant, K a , is introduced as a measure of strength. These reactions are all graphically illustrated in a full-screen model of water structure, in which H O appears as a proton-rich cluster, and OH as a proton-deficient one. Acids are qualitatively classified as strong (compete reaction), weak (partial reaction) and very weak (no reaction). Bases are correspondingly classified. One finds that it is easy to determine all of the approximate ionic concentrations in a solution of a strong acid or base. There is practice in recognising what ionic concentrations are appropriate to solutions of all six types (strong, weak, very weak acid or base) in water. The final review quiz tests all of the concepts, and includes a challenging question in which solutions are modeled graphically, and the student must identify one in terms of the six types defined in the lesson.

82. Acids And Bases - Web Guide From Learn.co.uk Home Web guide Chemistry acids and bases, acids and bases, Acid andBase pH Tutorial A good revision site for GCSE students and above. http://www.learn.co.uk/guardianarchive/webguides/acidsbases.htm

Home Web guide Chemistry Acids and bases Other units: Atmosphere Atomic structure Chemical reactions Geology ... Chemical conepts Acids and bases Acid and Base pH Tutorial A good revision site for GCSE students and above. Contains clear instructions and questions about all aspects of acids and bases, which have been split into small sub sections. There is a short quiz at the end of each section. PH This exciting site will help Key stage 3 students to fully understand pH. It contains an interactive pH meter to test a range of household substances. Great fun! This site is owned and run by Guardian Education Interactive Ltd and Education Interactive Solutions © Guardian Newspapers Ltd

83. Acids And Bases acids and bases This project will cover properties of acids and bases, calculationsof acidic and basic solutions, and activities on acids and bases. http://www.scs.k12.tn.us/STT99_WQ/STT99/Bolton_HS/lustera/luster/student.htm

Acids and Bases A WebQuest for (10-12) (Chemistry) by Almeda C. Luster Introduction Task Resources Process ... Conclusion Introduction This project will cover properties of acids and bases, calculations of acidic and basic solutions, and activities on acids and bases. Strengths of acids and bases will be determined through activities using titrations, pH scales and pH meters, and other types of indicators. Theories such as Arrenius and Bronsted acids and bases will be researched. Finally, the student will construct a pH scale using household products to determine acidic and basic content. The Task The learner will create and construct a pH scale of various household products to show the levels of acidic and basic content The learner will distinguish acidic and basic solutions. The learner will bring household items to classify as acids or bases in a lab activity The learner will work practice problems on calculating pH and pOH The learner will give a group summary of how pH is relevant to everyday experiences Resources The student will find the following links to be helpful while studying how to distinguish acids and bases, how to categorize acids and bases, and when researching properties of acids and bases:

84. Acids And Bases (I) . A set of tutorials, quizzesand problems on the behaviour of acids and bases in aqueous solution. Author.......CHEMISTRY. acids and bases. Published May 98. http://www.liv.ac.uk/ctichem/s17acid1.html

C H E M I S T R Y Acids and Bases Published May 98. For further evaluations of software plus any updates to this package visit the alphabetical listing of reviews commissioned by the CTI Centre. Description A set of tutorials, quizzes and problems on the behaviour of acids and bases in aqueous solution Author Colin Kennedy, Corndon, Manor Rd, Stourpaine, Blanford Forum, Dorset DT11 8TQ Supplier Colin Kennedy Date/Version 1997/version 1.08 Price £37 (£45 for a site licence) Hardware Acorn RISC computer with 2MB RAM Software Acorn OS3.1 or higher and Acorn !Draw (supplied with computer) Type of Package Computer assisted learning, computer aided instruction, teaching aid, instruction Intended Audience School level up to 18 years old, undergraduate level Area of Application Physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry Summary (range: * is poor to ***** is good) Ease of use **** Ease of learning **** Documentation quality ***** Academic content **** Usefulness to student **** Usefulness to teacher **** Portability not tested Meets objectives **** Accuracy ***** The reviewer found that, in general, it was easy to use. It is menu driven and most operations were intuitively obvious. The program consists of a main menu which allows access via the mouse and a pointer to subsidiary menus which control the different sections of the program. There was no on-line help system although mistakes made by the student in the tutorial section were immediately obvious as the program proceeded to mark each question and then give the correct answers for any mistakes. The scope of the software can be indicated from the main menu which has sections labelled:

85. Steve's Place- Acids, Bases And PH acids, bases, buffers, pH and the rest of the weird and mathematicalworld of acids. acids, bases and pH. acids and bases. There are http://www.steve.gb.com/science/acids_bases_ph.html

Acids, bases and pH Objectives Ionisation of water pH Acids and bases pKa and ionisation ... Henderson-Hasselbach and buffers Ionisation of water This one's a bit mathematical, so hold onto your algebraic hats. Water is capable of reacting with itself to produce hydroxide ions (OH ) and 'protons' (H ). These protons are actually actually oxonium ions (H O ), but the H thing is so ingrained in the literature, it's rather hard to change now :). H O + H O + OH H + OH The ion product of water, K w is derived from the equilibrium constant K eq for this latter reaction... K eq = [H ] [OH ] / [H O] = 1.8 x 10 M experimentally. The concentration of water in a solution, [H O], is more-or-less constant at 55.56 M: the density of water is 1000 g L and the RMM of water is 18 g mol , hence the concentration of water is... 1000 g L / 18 g mol = 55.56 mol L = 55.56 M. Because of this constancy, we can define the ion product of water, K w as [H O].K

86. Acids And Bases Stoichiometry Electronic Structure Periodic Table Bonding Phases and Phase EquilibriaSolution Chemistry acids and bases Thermochemistry and Dynamics Rate http://www.scientia.org/cadonline/Chemistry/acidbase/home.ASP

Index Click on a Category: Stoichiometry Electronic Structure Periodic Table Bonding ... Solution Chemistry Acids and Bases Thermochemistry and Dynamics Rate Processes and Equilibria Electrochemistry Then Click on a Topic: Rate Equilibrium Acid/Base Strength Acids Ionization of Water ... Titrations and Buffers Caduceus MCAT Review is a product of Scientia Inc. For more information about Scientia , contact us at info@scientia.org

87. Acids And Bases acids and bases. The concept of acidity is one that is very importantin science, and in chemistry in particular. It is also one http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/bp/123/acidbase.htm

web hosting domain names email addresses related sites Acids and Bases The concept of acidity is one that is very important in science, and in chemistry in particular. It is also one which most people are familiar with, even if they don't realise it. Many foods are slightly acidic, usually foods which are "tangy" or sharp like lemons (citric acid) or vinegar (ethanoic acid). Ethanoic acid is also the source of the sharp taste in wine that has been left open. The alcohol (ethanol) is oxidised to ethanoic acid. Bases (or alkalis) are the opposites of acids and are found in many household goods, like oven cleaner, bicarbonate of soda (baking soda), and toothpaste! It is also useful to know that a bee sting is acidic and a wasp sting is alkali. To treat a sting by one of these you should use the opposite type of chemical. web hosting domain names Powered by Ampira

88. Sho-Me Dictionary - A acids And bases. Strong acids and strong bases make very good Electrolytes(see Electrolysis), ie, their solutions readily conduct electricity. http://www.shomepower.com/dict/a/acids_and_bases.htm

Acids And Bases Two related classes of chemicals; the members of each class have a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually Water . Acids in water solutions exhibit the following common properties: they taste sour; turn Litmus paper red; and react with certain Metal s, such as Zinc , to yield Hydrogen Gas (see States Of Matter ). Bases in water solutions exhibit these common properties: they taste bitter; turn litmus paper blue; and feel slippery. When a water solution of acid is mixed with a water solution of base, a salt (see Sodium Chloride ) and water are formed; this process, called neutralization, is complete only if the resulting solution has neither acidic nor basic properties. When an acid or base dissolves in water, a certain percentage of the acid or base particles will break up, or dissociate, into oppositely charged Ion s. The Arrhenius theory of acids and bases defines an acid as a compound that can dissociate in water to yield hydrogen ions (H+) and a base as a compound that can dissociate in water to yield hydroxyl ions (OH-). The Brönsted-Lowry theory defines an acid as a Proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. The Lewis theory defines an acid as a

89. Dissociation Constants Of Organic Acids And Bases Dissociation Constants Of Organic acids And bases, This table liststhe acidbase dissociation constants of over 600 organic compounds http://www.zirchrom.com/organic.htm

Dissociation Constants Of Organic Acids And Bases This table lists the acid-base dissociation constants of over 600 organic compounds, including many amino acids. All data apply to dilute aqueous solutions and are presented in the form of pK a , which is the negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant K a Molecular formula Name Step T I °C pK a CH O Formic acid CH N O Urea CH N Methylamine C HCl O Trichloroacetic acid C H Cl O Dichloroacetic acid C H O Glyoxylic C H O Oxalic acid C H BrO Bromoacetic acid C H ClO Chloroacetic acid C H IO Iodoacetic acid C H OS Thioacetic acid C H O Acetic acid C H O Glycolic acid C H N Ethyleneimine C H NO Acetamide C H NO Glycine C H O Ethylene glycol C H AsO Cacodylic acid C H N Dimethylamine C H N Ethylamine C H NO Ethanolamine C H NO S Taurine C H NS Cysteamine C H N 1,2-Ethanediamine C H NO Cyanoacetic acid C H NS Thiazole C H N 1H-Imidazole C H N S 2-Thiazolamine C H O Acrylic acid C H O Pyruvic acid C H O Malonic acid C H ClO 2-Chloropropanoic acid C H ClO 3-Chloropropanoic acid C H N Melamine C H O Propanoic acid C H O 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid C H O Lactic acid C H O Glyceric acid C H N Azetidine C H NO L -Alanine C H NO b -Alanine C H NO Methylglycine C H NO S Cysteine C H NO Serine C H NO S l -Cysteic acid C H N O Glycocyamine C H O Glycerol C H N Propylamine C H N Trimethylamine C H NO 1-Amino-2-methoxyethane C H NO Trimethylamine oxide C H N 1,2-Propanediamine

90. Identifying Acids And Bases Identifying acidbase species. Being able to readily identify a specieswith regards to a acid/base behavior is a very useful skill. http://science.widener.edu/svb/tutorial/acidorbase.html

Identifying acid-base species Being able to readily identify a species with regards to a acid/base behavior is a very useful skill. This page provides basic drill and practice in this area. Though most of the species should be easily recognized, feel free to use whatever reference materials you wish. Ultimately the goal is to be able to run through the drills without the need of such aids. When you press "New Species", a formula will appear to the right of the table. Click on the appropriate bubble. If the species is weak, to verify that you have properly identified it and are not merely guessing, you will be asked to input the coefficient of the K. Just enter the coefficient. That is, if the K=3.4*10 , just enter the 3.4. You can skip this step and just ask for a new species, if you wish. Since the goal of this page is accuracy, you only get one attempt. If you misidentify the species, the answer will appear. Results Total Done Total Correct

91. Solutions Of Acids And Bases Solutions of acids and bases. This page randomly generates problems involvingacids and bases. In order to use the page, you need a table of acid/base Ks. http://science.widener.edu/svb/tutorial/acidbasecompletevalues.html

Solutions of acids and bases This page randomly generates problems involving acids and bases. In order to use the page, you need a table of acid/base Ks. To start,press "New Problem" and a question will appear to the right of the button. If the acid/base species listed is not in your table, press "New Problem " again. Otherwise, determine the value of the answer, enter it in the cell and press "Check Answer". This page assumes that you can perform the basic calculations on acid/base solutions and its may aim is to demonstrate fully the other aspects, such as percent ionization of such solutions. If you are still having difficulty calculating [H ] for acetic acid solutions, you should return to the pages that only perform that provide that type of problem. Results appear in the table. To begin-press "New Problem" and a question will appear to the right of the button. Put the correct value into the answer cell and press "Check Answer." If you use scientific notation enter the number is the form 2.3e5. The results on the problem and a running total will appear in the second table.

92. Acids And Bases acids and bases. Despite its shortcomings the theory is widely used to calculateequilibrium data for weak electrolytes, including acids and bases, in water. http://www.tannerm.com/acidbase.htm

Acids and bases The Arrhenius dissociation model The Arrhenius theory defines acids and bases as isolated species in solution giving rise respectively to hydrogen ions H and hydroxyl ions OH . Interaction with solvents is ignored. The theory cannot begin to explain acidic and alkaline properties in non-aqueous solvents. Despite its shortcomings the theory is widely used to calculate equilibrium data for weak electrolytes, including acids and bases, in water. For a generalized binary weak electrolyte MX (e.g., HCl) at concentration C, a fraction a ionizes. There will be an equilibrium mixture of (1-a)C of MX and aC of both M and X . The equilibrium for the dissociation process MX = M + X is given by K = ( [M ] [X ] ) / [MX] = a C / (1- a If a a C. This is called the Ostwald Dilution Law. The Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases Acids are defined as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors regardless of whether the species are are ionic or neutral. In general acid = base + proton Specific examples are H SO = HSO + H HSO = SO + H H O = H O + H OH = O + H The species on the right, along with the proton is known as the conjugate base. Conjugate acids are defined in a similar way. In aqueous solution the concept includes solvent interaction.

93. Acids And Bases Home World News. US People Word Wise Science Math Sports Cool Stuff Games andQuizzes Homework Center Funbrain, encyclopediaEncyclopedia acids and bases. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0802335.html

Encyclopedia acids and bases acids and bases, two related classes of chemicals; the members of each class have a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually water. Sections in this article: Introduction Properties Classification Acid-Base Theories acid rain Acireale AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

94. Acids And Bases: Conjugate Acids And Bases acids and bases Conjugate acids and bases Label all reactants and productsas BronstedLowry or conjugate acids and bases. Solution 1 http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/tutorials/acids_and_bases/conj_acids.html

Acids and Bases: Conjugate Acids and Bases Discussion : Proton transfers are key features of many organic and biochemical reactions. If a reactant accepts a proton (a Bronsted-Lowry base ) the product is termed the conjugate acid of that base. An electron pair from the Bronsted-Lowry base is shared with the proton to make a new bond. If a reactant donates a proton (a Bronsted-Lowry acid ), the product is the conjugate base of that acid. The electron pair that was the bond to the transferred proton is left behind as part of the conjugate base. As a fundamental skill necessary to master proton transfer reactions, you will need to be able to draw the conjugates of an acid or base. Example 1 : Provide the products of the following proton transfer reaction. The proton that is transferred is circled. Label all reactants and products as Bronsted-Lowry or conjugate acids and bases. Solution 1 Example 2 : A small portion of the molecules in liquid water have reacted by proton transfer. This process is termed auto-ionization. Write an equation for the auto-ionization of water that clearly illustrates this proton transfer. Name all the products. Label all reactants and products as Bronsted-Lowry or conjugate acids and bases. Solution 2 Note that some compounds such as water in this example can function as either an acid or base. Such compounds are termed amphoteric. Where a compound is an acid or base is not controlled solely by molecular structure, but rather by the molecule's role in the reaction.

95. Acids And Bases acids and bases. Contents. Quiz 1 Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases; Quiz2 - Types of Acid-Base Titration. Clearance. AQA Edexcel http://www.mp-docker.demon.co.uk/as_a2/topics/acids_bases/

Acids and Bases Contents Quiz 1 - Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Quiz 2 - Types of Acid-Base Titration Clearance AQA ... Salters

96. Acids And Bases Trivia And Quizzes Quiz Special Lists Newest Quizzes Top Ranked Overall Easy Average Hard - Most Popular Options Create a acids and bases Quiz Special Instructions http://www.funtrivia.com/dir/6848.html

Home Members Sci / Tech Chemistry : Acids and Bases Special Lists: Newest Quizzes - Top Ranked Overall Easy Average Hard ... Most Popular Options: Create a Acids and Bases Quiz Special Instructions: READ ME Who's Online? Store: Browse books about Acids and Bases Games: Acids and Bases Category Stats Acids and Bases Highest Scores Acids and Bases Most Accurate This index was last updated: Apr 02 03 Win Cash Playing Trivia and other Games! Tell me more Click Here to Play Now! Quiz Title Difficulty Played Online Author Is it an acid or a base? I have made a quiz on acids and bases. I will give you a substance and you must identify it as acidic or basic. Simple Nov 20 01 JsusFreak = highest rated quizzes = added recently = has extra info for each qn Editor's Pick = FunTrivia Editor Gold Member info Games are listed by highest rank. Games are ranked through player ratings of each quiz. Difficulty is dynamically determined based on player results. Return to Homepage

97. Aspirin Adventures - All About Acids - Acids, Bases, And Salts About acids acids, bases, and Salts. A lot of times when we talk about acids,we talk about acids and bases. We know what an acid is, but what is a base? http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/pharm/asp/acid03.htm

About Acids: Acids, Bases, and Salts A lot of times when we talk about acids, we talk about acids and bases. We know what an acid is, but what is a base? A base does just the opposite of what an acid does. An acid molecule loses a hydrogen ion . A base molecule is one that can steal a hydrogen ion from an acid. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base. It falls apart in water, as acids do, but it splits into a positively charged sodium ion (Na )and a negatively charged hydroxide ion (HO ). The hydroxide ion can steal a hydrogen ion from an acid molecule like acetylsalicylic acid Look at that! When the hydroxide ion took the hydrogen ion, the two joined to form a water molecule. So now we're left with a water molecule, an acetylsalicylate ion, and a sodium ion. The acetylsalicylate ion can combine with the sodium ion to form a molecule of sodium acetylsalicylate. This molecule is called a salt . A salt is the product (other than water) that is made when an acid and base react. A salt you know well is made when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. NaCl is just plain old table salt.

98. Chemistry Department At University Of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Undergraduate and graduate programs; research spans analytical, biological, environmental, inorganic, Category Reference Education Science, Faculty of......University of British Columbia Homepage, Faculty of Science Homepage,Apply Now for our Undergraduate Summer Research Award, Learn http://www.chem.ubc.ca/

Learn about our newest faculty members The 2002 Departmental Newsletter Learn about our newest faculty members The 2002 Departmental Newsletter

99. Chipo.chem.uic.edu/web1/ocol/SB/1-7.htm a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually water. http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/web1/ocol/SB/1-7.htm

In the simple formalism proposed independently by Bronsted and Lowry in 1923, an acid was defined as a proton donor and a base was defined as a proton acceptor. In the simple acid-base reaction shown below, H O is termed a Bronsted Acid, and HO a Bronsted Base. In writing organic reaction mechanisms, the flow of electrons is often shown using "curved arrows" and in the example shown, the arrows are designed to show that an unshared pair of electrons from hydroxide anion moves to abstract a proton from H O , with the simultaneous movement of an electron pair from the bonding orbital to form an unshared pair of electrons on oxygen. Acid-base reactions are, by definition, equilibria, and the ratio of products and reactants from the proton transfer reaction is given by the equilibrium constant according to the equation shown below. In the reactions shown above, the two-carbon carboxylic acid, acetic acid (more correctly, ethanoic acid) acts as a Bronsted acid and donates a proton to the Bronsted base, water. The products of the reaction are the carboxylate anion (acetate or ethanoate anion) and H O . The equilibrium constant

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