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         Afghanistan History:     more books (100)
  1. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics) by Thomas Barfield, 2010-04-18
  2. Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics by Martin Ewans, 2002-09-01
  3. Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the War against the Taliban by Stephen Tanner, 2009-04-28
  4. Invisible History: Afghanistan's Untold Story by Paul Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Gould, 2009-01-01
  5. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 by Steve Coll, 2004-12-28
  6. A Brief History of Afghanistan by Shaista Wahab, Barry Youngerman, 2010-09
  7. In the Graveyard of Empires: America's War in Afghanistan by Seth G. Jones, 2010-04-12
  8. Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival by Amin Saikal, 2006-11-28
  9. The Photographer: Into War-torn Afghanistan with Doctors Without Borders by Emmanuel Guibert, 2009-05-12
  10. Afghanistan: A Modern History by Angelo Rasanayagam, 2005-11-05
  11. Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures by Fredrik Hiebert, 2008-05-20
  12. The History of Afghanistan (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) by Meredith Runion, 2007-10-30
  13. Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban by Stephen Tanner, 2002-07
  14. Afghanistan: Political Frailty and External Interference (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern History) by Nabi Misdaq, 2008-06-20

1. Afghanistan History
A presentation of Afghan history. You will find chronologies, biographies, documents such as past constitutions, and articles dealing with various stages of Afghan history. (recent)History of Afghanistan by Mohammad Ismail Sloan. Watan Afghanistan General history, land, geography, people, language,
http://www.afghana.com/SocietyAndCulture/History.htm
History Afghana! - Help See Also Afghana! Chat - Online Afghan community
See also Afghana! The Soviet War
See Also Afghana! Biographies Afghanistan Timeline General History

2. Afghanistan History
Kings Rulers of Afghanistan. Research by Dr. J.Faizi Sikandar. Afghans History in Australia
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~abawi/history/afghanhistory.htm
Afghans in Australasia
Afghan History -Warning-
We are NOT a political site. Some of the opinions expressed in this section MAY offend some visitors. REMEMBER, if you don't like the message, Don't shoot the messenger.
Research by Dr. J.Faizi Sikandar
Afghans History in Australia
The number of Afghans coming to Australia was smaller (about 3000) compared to other ethnic groups. However, their contribution to Australia has been much greater than most people realise. Afghans have made a substantial contribution to Australia and the role they played opening up inland Australia. Unfortunately history has almost ignored them.
http://www.afghans.bit.com.au

3. THE SOVIET WAR IN AFGHANISTAN: HISTORY AND HARBINGER OF FUTURE WAR?
An article by Mohammad Yahya Nawroz of the Army of Afghanistan and Lester W. Grau of the US Army.Category Society History Wars and Conflicts SovietAfghan War......United States Army Foreign Military Studies Office Fort Leavenworth, Kansas,USA THE SOVIET WAR IN afghanistan history AND HARBINGER OF FUTURE WAR?
http://www.bdg.minsk.by/cegi/N2/Afg/Waraf.htm
United States Army
Foreign Military Studies Office
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA
THE SOVIET WAR IN AFGHANISTAN:
HISTORY AND HARBINGER OF FUTURE WAR?
by General (Ret) Mohammad Yahya Nawroz , Army of Afghanistan LTC (Ret) Lester W. Grau , U.S. Army Soviet military power meets the Afghan warrior society Fifteen years after its commencement and five years after its cessation, the Soviet-Afghan War remains an enigma in the West. Earlier successful Soviet military interventions in the Ukraine (1945-1951), East Germany (1953), Hungary (1956), and Czechoslovakia (1968) and intermittent Soviet military pressure on Poland demonstrated that the stark military power of the Soviet state was an irresistible tool of Soviet political power. The West was thankful that nuclear deterrence maintained the Cold War balance and reluctantly accepted Soviet intervention within its socialist commonwealth and in the Soviet border regions as one cost of that balance. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a repeat of their invasion of Czechoslovakia. For months after the invasion, hardly a political or military expert in the world doubted that Afghanistan was now forever incorporated as a part of the Soviet Empire and that nothing short of a large-scale global war could alter the status quo. And global war was most unlikely as both super powers intended to avoid it. Some Westerners recalled the British experiences in Afghanistan and waited for a Soviet "Vietnam" to emerge, but most Westerners believed that the Soviets would ultimately prevail. Some even projected their European fears to southern Asia and envisioned a bold Soviet strategic thrust from southern Afghanistan to the shores of the Persian Gulf, to challenge Western strategic interests and disrupt Western access to critical Middle Eastern oil.

4. Backgrounder On Afghanistan: History Of The War
Covers the development since the Soviet occupation in 1979. By Human Rights Watch.Category Society Issues Background and History......FREE Join the HRW Afghanistan Mailing List. Backgrounder on AfghanistanHistory of the War October 2001 (download PDF version 6 pages).
http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/afghan-bck1023.htm
(Human Rights Watch Backgrounder, October 2001)
Africa
Americas Asia Europe/Central Asia ... More...
FREE Join the HRW Afghanistan Mailing List Backgrounder on Afghanistan: History of the War
October 2001

(download PDF version - 6 pages)
Key Sections Related Material
Afghanistan: Human Rights Watch Key Documents

September 11 Attacks: Crimes Against Humanity

The Aftermath
The U.S- led military intervention in Afghanistan marks the fourth phase in the country's twenty-three-year-old civil war. In every phase foreign powers have intensified the conflict by supporting one side against another. The First Phase: The Saur Revolution and Soviet Occupation After gaining power, Daoud tried to marginalize the Parchamis and distance the government from the Soviet Union. The two factions of the PDPA reunited in 1977 and launched a coup on April 27, 1978, killing Daoud and seizing power. The PDPA government, under Khalq leadership, then embarked on a campaign of radical land reform accompanied by mass repression in the countryside that resulted in the arrest and summary execution of tens of thousands. Those targeted included political figures, religious leaders, teachers, students, other professionals, Islamist organizations, and members of ethnic minorities, particularly the Hazaras, a Shi'a minority that has long been subject to discrimination by Afghanistan's ruling elite. The government's repressive measures, particularly its attempt to reform rural society through terror, provoked uprisings throughout the country.

5. Afghanistan: History
History. Early History. The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0856490.html

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You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Afghanistan
History
Early History
The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history. Its high mountains, although hindering unity, helped the hill tribes to preserve their independence. It is probable that there were well-developed civilizations in S Afghanistan in prehistoric times, but the archaeological record is not clear. Certainly cultures had flourished in the north and east before the Persian king Darius I (c.500 B.C. B.C. ) them on his way to India. After Alexander's death (323 B.C.

6. Afghanistan: History
The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent,Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history.
http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0856490.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World!

Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices !

All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ...
Fact Monster

Kids' reference
Info:Daily

Fun facts
Homework

Center

Newsletter
You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Afghanistan
History
Early History
The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history. Its high mountains, although hindering unity, helped the hill tribes to preserve their independence. It is probable that there were well-developed civilizations in S Afghanistan in prehistoric times, but the archaeological record is not clear. Certainly cultures had flourished in the north and east before the Persian king Darius I (c.500 B.C. B.C. ) them on his way to India. After Alexander's death (323 B.C.

7. Afghanistan History
The history of this country extends back to the days of Alexander the Great was controlledby Britain, and it was not until 1919 that Afghanistan achieved full
http://www.nationbynation.com/Afghanistan/History1.html
BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE
BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT
BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE
BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... AFGHANISTAN The history of this country extends back to the days of Alexander the Great. After falling to the Parthians and thriving as a Buddhist entity, the country was conquered by Islam, only to fall to the forces of Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. After a period as the center of Tamerlane's empire a century-and-a-half later, the country was broken up and controlled by a number of small kingdoms and tribes. In the mid-eighteenth century, a unified emirate was established by Ahmed Shah Durani. Eventually, the country was controlled by Britain, and it was not until 1919 that Afghanistan achieved full independence under Amanullah Khan, who was proclaimed king. The monarchy was overthrown in a military-led coup in 1973 and the country descended into a civil war, following the 1979 Soviet invasion. (A pro-Soviet coup had taken place in 1978). A decade later the USSR withdrew. Turmoil has continued to dog the country with the rise of the extreme fundamentalist Taliban, which since 1995, have overrun the country and instituted a strict Islamic-based regime. In late 2001 in wake of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the United States began providing air and ground support to the forces fighting the Taliban. The Taliban regime was defeated and an interim government led by Hamid Karzai More History of Afghanistan

8. Afghanistan  History
Contemporary History. the British, the Afghans concluded a treaty of friendship withthe new Bolshevik regime in the Soviet Union; Afghanistan thereby became
http://www.hawca.org/afghanhis.htm
Source: www.britannica.com Afghan Civil War Afghan Geography Afghan Customs Afghan Daily News Variations on the word "Afghan" may go back as early as a 3rd-century-AD S a s a nian reference to "Abgan." The earliest Muslim reference to the Afghans probably dates to AD 982, but tribes related to the modern Afghans have lived in the region for many generations. For millennia, the land now called Afghanistan has been the meeting place of four cultural and ecological areas: the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia. Prehistory Paleolithic peoples probably roamed Afghanistan as early as 100,000 BC. The earliest definite evidence of human occupation was found in the cave of Darra-i-Kur in Badakhsh a n, where a transitional Neanderthal skull fragment in association with Mousterian-type tools was discovered; the remains are of the Middle Paleolithic, dating about 30,000 years ago. Caves near A q Kopr u k yielded evidence of an early Neolithic culture ( c.

9. Afghanland.com Afghanistan History
Durrand Line Durrand treaty has expired and Pashtunistan must return to Afghanistan More.Wazir Gul Khan Momand A man of the pen and of the sword More.
http://afghanland.com/history/history.html
HOME NEWS ISLAM HISTORY ... Interim Government Ahmad Jan : Founder and Pioneer of Modern Pashtu Literature... More Zahir Shah and JFK Meeting: In 1963 Zahir Shah met JFK at the white house ... More Durrand Line: Durrand treaty has expired and Pashtunistan must return to Afghanistan... More Wazir Gul Khan Momand: A man of the pen and of the sword More Ulugbek A Prince, and pioneer in field of Astronomy in Afghanistan... More Ahmad Shah Baba Durrani: Afghanistan's first king selected by the Loya Jirga... More Loya Jirga Traditional Grand assembly of elders, intellectuals, and tribal leaders... More Afghanistan in Crisis A brief timeline of what occurred in the past century... More Flags of Afghanistan View the most complete collection of afghan flags... More Mirwais Khan Hotaki The Father of Loya Jirga and the force that united Afghanistan...

10. Afghanistan History Links
Caspian Revenue Watch. afghanistan history LINKS. Afghanistan OnlineHistory Historical Photo Album of Afghanistan, 1747 1992.
http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/afghanistan/links/history.shtml
Eurasia Insight
Analysis of current affairs
Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment
Hazards and Solutions
Expert and Observer Interviews Culture
News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights
Monitoring and Actions Recaps
Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch
Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum
An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners
Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch AFGHANISTAN HISTORY LINKS Afghanistan Online: History Historical Photo Album of Afghanistan, 1747 - 1992 Recent History History of the War in Afghanistan from Human Rights Watch Chronological History of Afghanistan (1978 - Present) The Dismantling of Afghan History A Brief History of the War in Afghanistan Afghan History before 1973 Afghan History to 1973 Sites in Perspective: An Historical Survey by Nancy Dupree Afghan History in Australia The First Anglo-Afghan War Biography

11. Afghanistan: History: AFGHANISTAN SINCE 1973: The Afghan Civil War.
Social divisions. CULTURAL LIFE History PREHISTORY Historical Beginnings (Tothe 7th Century AD) The Achaemenians and the Greeks. Modern Afghanistan.
http://www.sabawoon.com/afghanpedia/History.CivilWar.shtm
Sabawoon Online Home Contact
Introduction

Physical and human geography
THE LAND
Relief.

Drainage.

Soils.

Climate.
...
Settlement patterns.

THE PEOPLE
Ethno linguistic groups.
Religion. Demographic trends. THE ECONOMY ... Transportation. ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS Government. Armed forces. Education. Health and welfare. ... History PREHISTORY Historical Beginnings (To the 7th Century AD) The Achaemenians and the Greeks. The Kushans. The Sasanians and Hephthalites. Medieval Period (7th - 18th Century) ... Shir 'Ali (1863-66; 1868-79). Ya'qub Khan (1879). Modern Afghanistan. Abdor Rahman Khan (1880-1901). Habibollah Khan (1901-19). Amanollah (1919-29). Mohammad Nader Shah (1929-33). Mohammad Zahir Shah (1933-73). AFGHANISTAN SINCE 1973 The Republic of Afghanistan (1973-78). The Soviets in Afghanistan The Afghan Civil War.
The Afghan Civil War
Nur Mohammad Taraki was elected president of the Revolutionary Council, prime minister of the country, and secretary general of the combined People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Babrak Karmal , a Banner leader, and Hafizullah Amin were elected deputy prime ministers. The leaders of the new government insisted that they were not controlled by the Soviet Union and proclaimed their policies to be based on Afghan nationalism, Islamic principles, socioeconomic justice, nonalignment in foreign affairs, and respect for all agreements and treaties signed by previous Afghan governments.

12. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Iran, Afghanistan, T
Regions, Nations and Peoples Particular Regions Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistanand other Iranian Peoples of the Region afghanistan history, Politics (WWW),
http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302050303_
ALMISBAH:
Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and other Iranian Peoples of the Region: Afghanistan: History, Politics (WWW)
1. 11 September 2001 : the response Source Type Single Articles / Books Single Reports URL http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2001/rp01-072.pdf Keywords DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. Academic Info : Afghanistan Studies Source Type Virtual Libraries, Internet Directories and Link Lists URL http://www.academicinfo.net/afghan.html Keywords DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Afghanistan, the Taliban, and the US : selected internet resources Source Type Virtual Libraries, Internet Directories and Link Lists URL http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/afghan_US.html Keywords DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 4. Afghanistan (1979-1989), the Soviet campaign : A War, Peace and Security Bibliography Source Type Special Bibliographies URL http://wps.cfc.dnd.ca/bib/afghanistan.html Keywords bibliography; Afghanistan; war; soviet occupation, 1979-1989 DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 5. Afghanistan: a Country Study

13. Afghanistan History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resource
afghanistan history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics
http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/afghanistan/afghanistan_history_index.html

  • Country Ranks
    Afghanistan History Index
    http://workmall.com/wfb2001/afghanistan/afghanistan_history_index.html
    Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies
  • 14. Terrorismfiles.org : Afghanistan History, Terrorismfiles.org
    STATESPONSORED TERRORISM afghanistan history, back to Afghanistan.History Located just northwest of the modern day India, Afghanistan
    http://www.terrorismfiles.org/countries/afghanistan_history.html
    Terrorism History of terrorism Terrorism in the 20th century Drug trafficking and terrorism ... Weapons of Mass Destruction STATE -SPONSORED TERRORISM
    Afghanistan History History

    Located just northwest of the modern day India, Afghanistan has long served as the northwestern border and gateway for the Indian civilization. Various Indian emperors have ruled the region over the last 3,000 years and its close relations with the rest of India have been well documented by historians. The Hindukush Mountains in the west and Himalayas in the north and northeast served as the borders for India; Afghanistan was an integral part of the Indian kingdoms at various times during its history. In the fourth century B.C.E., Taxila and Kandahar formed important centers of commerce and education for the empire of Ashoka the Great. In fact, Taxila was one of the first universities to be founded in India. In those days, the entire region of today's Afghanistan and northern Pakistan was called Gandhar, after which an important stream of Indian art painting and sculptures has been named. The area was also an important center for Buddhism in its early days and several ancient statues of Buddha and other artifacts of Buddhism are still found in the region.

    15. North Carolina Center For South Asia Studies - Afghanistan History Conference
    NCCSAS Seminars Speakers afghanistan history Conference AfghanistanHistory Conference. Boundaries, States, and Nations on
    http://www.ncsu.edu/tsac/seminars/afghanistan.html
    NCCSAS > > Afghanistan History Conference
    Afghanistan History Conference
    Boundaries, States, and Nations on the Frontiers of Empire: Afghanistan and Its Neighbors
    John Hope Franklin International Center
    Duke University
    January 30-February 1 2003 Thursday, January 30

    Informal Social Hour, Marriott Hotel Friday, January 31
    8:30-8:45 Opening Remarks and Welcome
    Conference Organizers
    Provost Peter Lange, Duke University
    Panel I: State and tribe within the shifting contexts of imperial and national orders
    Session 1
    Stephen Dale, History, Ohio State University Topic: "Khushal Khan Khattak and Pushtun Identity" Joseph Arlinghaus, South and Southwest Asia Intelligence Analyst, US Army, Fayetteville, NC "Pashtunization in the Mughal Province of Kabul." Session 2 Robert Canfield, Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis

    16. AFGHANISTAN HISTORY
    History is a witness therefore, of Afghanistan's negative attitudetowards Pakistan. Afghanistan was always at the forefront in
    http://members.tripod.com/~SHAFI_SAKHIZADA/afghanistan.htm
    Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated
    The Movement of Taliban.
    Afghanistan occupies a very important geographical position in the Asian sub-continent from here Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, the Gulf states and Arabian Peninsula are at an accessible distance. When Russia launched its programme of colonization and expansion, it established its government over many small countries. The governing force behind this move was the Russian ideology. The countries Russia Seized through aggression and blood-shed, it implemented its beliefs over them at once. Thus they forcibly converted innumerable millions into Communists. Mean while, material and ideological links brought Russia and India closer to each other. Thus potentially, India became a headache for China and Pakistan. Russia drew over to its side Afghanistan too, in order to gain direct advantages as well as to create problems for Pakistan. History is a witness therefore, of Afghanistan's negative attitude towards Pakistan. Afghanistan was always at the forefront in generating anti-Pakistan propaganda too. On the border of Pakistan, the Russian troops gathered information from the people on how best to reach Karachi and Gawadar. The Communists in Pakistan were gleefully awaiting the Russian advance, prophesying that the Red Revolution had become the destiny of the Pakistani people. I remember well that a Russian Communist had said to me that we have reached the borders of Pakistan. In no time now our braves will be landing in Karachi.

    17. Afghanistan: History And Culture
    afghanistan history and Culture
    http://library.louisville.edu/government/international/afghanistan/afghistory.ht
    Afghanistan: History and Culture Other Related Information: Afghanistan
    Other Related Information: History
    ...
    Back to International Information

    Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster
    URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/afghanistan/afghistory.html

    18. Education News & Resources At The Times Educational Supplement
    afghanistan history. In our resource sheets covering Afghanistan's history, basedon Martin McCauley's book Afghanistan and Central Asia , you can read
    http://www.tes.co.uk/afghanistan/teaching_resources.asp?id=13721

    19. Afghanistan's Web Site -@ Afghanistan History
    afghanistan history. Sassanian, dynasty. 652 Arabs introduce Islam thatwas to influence the course of Afghanistan’s history. 650 661
    http://www.afghanistans.com/Information/History/Default.htm
    Afghanistan History
    Home
    Afghanistan History Natural Regions Rivers and Lakes Climate Natural Resources ... Economy Afghanistan's history internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the region described by historian Arnold Toynbee as a "roundabout of the ancient world"leaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. The outline of the Afghanistan History In modern times, as well as in antiquity, will focus on vast armies of the world passing through Afghanistan, temporarily establishing local control. 50,000 BC - 20,000 BC Stone Age
    • Archaeologists have identified evidence of stone age technology in Aq Kupruk (balkh), and Hazar Sum.
    • Plant remains at the foothill of the Hindu Kush mountains indicate, that North Afghanistan was one of the earliest places to domestic plants and animals.
    3000 BC - 2000 BC Bronze Age
    • It has been indicated the Bronze have been invented in ancient Afghanistan around this time.

    20. Afghanistan History
    And while some history books refer to this time of Afghanistan’s history as onewhere attempts were made to “modernize” the country – all this really
    http://afghangovernment.com/briefhistory.htm
    A Brief History of Afghanistan: By Adam Ritscher The story of Afghanistan is in so many ways a very tragic one. Afghanistan is one of the most impoverished nations of the world. It is one of the most war-torn, most ravaged, and most beleaguered of nations. It is a nation that has been beset by invasion, external pressure and internal upheaval since before the time of Alexander the Great. Its people are a people who have endured more than most of us can ever imagine. In fact, for many Afghanis, all that has changed in the last one thousand years are the weapons which have been used against so many of them. It is therefore with great sadness and respect that I tell the story of Afghanistan.
    First of all, who are the Afghanis? Afghanistan has historically been the link between Central Asia, the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent. It is therefore a nation made up of many different nationalities – the result of innumerable invasions and migrations. Within its current borders there are at least a dozen major ethnic groups – Baluch, Chahar Aimak, Turkmen, Hazara, Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek, Nuristani, Arab, Kirghiz, Pashai and Persian.
    Historically the Pashtun nationality has been the most dominant. The term Afghan, for example, generally is viewed by other peoples in the country to refer to the Pashtuns. The royal families of the country were Pashtun, and today the Pashtun represent about 50% of the total population. Tajiks come in second with 25%, and the rest make up considerably smaller percentages.

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