81. Antkowiak's General Genetics Sites 3_findout.html PBS site Covers genetic testing, Human Genome Project and Careersin genetics. http//www.cbc.umn.edu/iac/facts.htm Facts about albinism. http://www.deercreek.k12.ok.us/library/Antkowiak's general genetics.htm

Ms. Antkowiak's General Genetics Sites Biology 2001 http://www.hhmi.org/GeneticTrail/ Great website by Howard Hughes Medical Institute called “Blazing the Genetic trail.” Contains information on lethal genes, cystic fibrosis, human genome project, new mutations, genetic disorders that are very common, dominant and recessive disease causing disorders, x-linked diseases/disorders and cancer as a genetic disease. Http://vector.cshl.org/dnaftb/1/concept/index.html Concepts covered: children resemble their parents, Gregor Mendel, self fertilization, parts of flowers, mature flower, cross fertilization Contains pictures and animations along with biographies on scientists Http://vector.cshl.org/dnaftb/9/concept/index.html Sex chromosomes, Biography on Netti Stevens, Biography on Dr. Edmund Wilson, discusses gender, body cells, gametes and gender inheritance Http://vector.cshl.org/dnaftb/2/concept/index.html Concepts covered: genes come in pairs, phenotypes, genotypes, and alleles Contains pictures and animations along with biographies on scientists Http://vector.cshl.org/dnaftb/3/concept/index.html

82. Medelian Genetics A. Mendel’s Theory has become the foundation of the science of genetics andconsists of four elements B. Analyzing a pedigree for albinism (Fig. http://www.webbschool.com/mquinn/Bio-H-Chp.-8-01-02.htm

Chapter 8 - Mendel and Heredity Evolution - The passing on of different genetic traits is a process fundamental to evolutionary change. The genetic variation provided by the possible combinations of parental genes and by crossing-over offers a means for change and an increase in the speed of evolution within a given species. Genetic mutations make evolution possible by introducing random changes into the inherited information that is passed on. Origins of Genetics I. The Beginnings of Genetics - the branch of biology that studies heredity. A. The science of genetics has ancient roots. The ancient Greeks believed in pangenesis, the idea that particles governing the inheritance of each trait collect in eggs and sperm and are passed on to the next generation. But many, including Aristotle, realized there were problems with this idea: The potential to produce traits is inherited, not pieces of the traits themselves. Reproductive cells are not changed by the development or activity of other cells. Based on artificial breeding, nineteenth-century observers believed in the "blending" hypothesis, in which traits from both parents blend in the offspring.

83. Color Morphs And Genetics (See the genetics wizard link for term definitions if you are not familiar withthem But, it is not a simple recessive trait, like albinism is in many snakes. http://www.chondroweb.com/fineGTPs/Morphs.html

Green Tree Python Geographic Races, and Color and Pattern Morphs Perhaps nothing about chondros is as fascinating or mysterious as all the various color varieties, and the way the neonates develop these adult colors. The general information presented here, while sound, and backed up by years of experience and observation, isn't intended to be the final word on this subject. There is still much to learn about chondro genetics, and how they relate to color and pattern morphs. However, some basic questions that are frequently asked will be answered, and a general understanding of the facts (and fallacies) regarding this subject will be gained by the reader. Some definitions may be in order so that no confusion will result from the terms as used on this page. I define a Morph as a color and/ or pattern trait that makes up a permanent adult appearance. The word Type refers to a color or pattern morph that is associated with a geographical locality. Phase denotes an adult color that appears for a while but may or may not be permanent. The group of morphs and types discussed below is not an exhaustive list, but it covers most of the common ones. For the record, I consider the minute geographic breakdown of certain "localities" such as "arfak", "wamena", "lereh" etc. to be undocumented, and just a sales ploy or wishful thinking. Such animals represent no new or distinct color morphs, and accordingly are not considered legitimate morph types by most mainstream breeders and collectors. For an excellent perspective on this, please see the

84. Human Genetics References Recessive Alopecia universalis; Recessive Methemoglobinemia; Recessive albinism; ABOBlood Group System; Soap Opera genetics; Rh Blood Group and Incompatibility; http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/hgenes.html

BIOL 121 Human Genetics References Pedigree Symbols One Trait Segregation Table Simple inheritance diagram Monohyrid Cross (animated) Dihybrid Cross (animated) Pedigree Analysis (animated) Pedigrees A Large Pedigree Dominant: variegate porphyria Dominant:Porphyria Dominant: dentinogenesis imperfecta ... Mitochondrial Inheritance Mendelian Simulation Data: Garrod's Hypothesis ABO Blood Group System Soap Opera Genetics Rh Blood Group and Incompatibility ... Translation (movie) Summary of Errors in Transcription/Translation The Genetic Code Protein Folding Using DNA to find Adam and Eve ... Pedigree Problem Set The Blue People of Kentucky Blue People of Kentucky Fugate Pedigree Fugate Pedigree (corrected) Why Study Blue People? Why Venous Blood Appears Blue Curing the Irish Blues Methemoglobinemia Web Links ... Selected Human Genetic Disease Resources This document maintained by Robert J. Huskey Last updated on September 9, 1998.

85. Human Genetics HUMAN genetics. Table of Contents. known. albinism, the lack of pigmentationin skin, hair, and eyes, is also a Mendelian human trait. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookhumgen.html

HUMAN GENETICS Table of Contents The human karyotype Human chromosomal abnormalities Human allelic disorders (recessive) Human allelic disorders (dominant) ... Back to Top There are 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in the human genome , for a total of 46. Karyotypes are pictures of homologous chromosomes lined up together during Metaphase I of meiosis. The chromosome micrographs are then arranged by size and pasted onto a sheet. Click here for a larger picture This picture is from The Primate Cytogenetics Network at ( http://www.selu.com/~bio/cyto/karyotypes/Hominidae/Hominidae.html Back to Top A common abnormality is caused by nondisjunction , the failure of replicated chromosomes to segregate during Anaphase II. A gamete lacking a chromosome cannot produce a viable embryo. Occasionally a gamete with n+1 chromosomes can produce a viable embryo. In humans, nondisjunction is most often associated with the 21st chromosome, producing a disease known as Down's syndrome (also referred to as trisomy 21). Sufferers of Down's syndrome suffer mild to severe mental retardation, short stocky body type, large tongue leading to speech difficulties, and (in those who survive into middle-age), a propensity to develop Alzheimer's Disease. Ninety-five percent of Down's cases result from nondisjunction of chromosome 21. Occasional cases result from a translocation in the chromosomes of one parent. Remember that a translocation occurs when one chromosome (or a fragment) is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome. The incidence of Down's Syndrome increases with age of the mother, although 25% of the cases result from an extra chromosome from the father. Click

86. Birth Defects - Genetics - Teratology Foundations - Support Organizations Alagille Syndrome Alliance. albinism National Organization for Hypopigmentation. AmericanCollege of Medical genetics (ACMG). American Council of the Blind. http://ibis-birthdefects.org/start/found.htm

Tips for printing Birth Defects - Genetics - Teratology Foundations - Support Organizations Below: in English, Spanish, German ... or choose French Cyrillic About I.B.I.S. Home ... "In the News" Messages... Questions/comments Report Dead Links S.O.S. - Exchange Join I.B.I.S. ... Etchings Notice: Additional Information may be found under Topics - Diagnosis Professional Associations Teaching - Curricula Key Information Sources A shortcut may be to enter keywords in the box at the bottom of this page to search the whole contents of IBIS. Partially Permuted Alphabetized List A B C D ... Search this site powered by FreeFind This site offers information mostly for educational purposes. This site is not intended to alter health care protocols nor to serve as a sole source of medical information. Please read full Always seek the advice of your local health care provider. Sponsor: I.B.I.S. Site Concept: W. W., D. C. Page Content: W. Wertelecki, M. D. Email: Webmaster 18/November/2002 at

87. Medical Genetics The Medical genetics site is to supplement the Medical genetics text book written by Jorde et. al. in medical education. Medical genetics 2nd Edition gives students the they need to understand modern genetics. It starts with overview of basic molecular genetics, then explores chromosomal and http://medgen.genetics.utah.edu/

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88. Oculocutaneous Albinism The Clinical Spectrum of albinism in Humans albinism represents a group of inherited abnormalities of the hypopigmentation (1). Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) involves two regions http://www.cbc.umn.edu/iac/mmm.htm

The Clinical Spectrum of Albinism in Humans by: William S. Oetting, Ph.D. and Richard A. King, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Murray H. Brilliant, Ph.D. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia Glossary Melanosome - the organelle in the melanocyte the contains the melanin pigment. The melanosome has an internal protein matrix upon which the melanin is synthesized and stored. HPS - Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome. CHS - Chediak-Higashi Syndrome. Freckles - Small lentigines. Also known as ephelides. Lentigines - small pigmented flat spots (macules) in the skin, associated with increased melanin synthesis in melanocytes. Often found in sun exposed areas. Nevus - benign melanocyte tumor of the skin. Also known as a mole. Storage-pool deficient platelets - platelets in which the number of dense bodies is reduced or absent. Ceroid-storage disease - the accumulation of ceroid in tissues throughout the body. Ceroid is an autofluorescent material of unknown orgin that accumulates in the tissues of individuals with HPS as they age. Platelet dense bodies - storage granules in platelets for serotonin, adenine nucleotides, calcium, and other compounds necessary for platelet aggregation and function.

89. Ask Jeeves: Search Results For "Dihybrid Punnet Squares" 1. Lecture Notes, genetics Online lecture and exercise Probability and StatisticsIn genetics, probability theory is used to estimate the likelihood of http://webster.directhit.com/webster/search.aspx?qry=Dihybrid Punnet Squares

90. Ask Jeeves: Search Results For "Rolling Tongues In Genes" 1. Science Connection Heredity and genetics Heredity and genetics DeterminingYour Genes Did you know that your genes determine whether or not you possess http://webster.directhit.com/webster/search.aspx?qry=Rolling Tongues In Genes

91. Vision Of Children - Childhood Blindness And Vision Impairment: Research Updates Summary of Nature genetics Paper Identification of the Gene for Ocular AlbinismType 1 (1995). UPDATE FROM TELETHON INSTITUTE OF genetics AND MEDICINE (2000). http://visionofchildren.org/research.html

NEW: "Effective Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer in Normal and Mutant Human Melanocytes," Human Gene Therapy Hi Res Color Images PDF File - 11.1 MB Low Res Color Images PDF File - 1.2 MB Carrier Detection of X-Linked Ocular Albinism OA Genetic Screening Now Available in U.S. and Europe (2001). ... Summary of Nature Genetics Paper: Identification of the Gene for Ocular Albinism Type 1 (1995) UPDATE FROM TELETHON INSTITUTE OF GENETICS AND MEDICINE (2000) Andrea Ballabio M.D., Director, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy Back to top SUMMARY OF NATURE GENETICS PAPER (1999): Recent Results On The Causes of Ocular Albinism Type 1 Open New Perspectives In Biology And Medicine. The results of this study have been published in the September 1999 issue of Nature Genetics (Schiaffino, M.V., D'Addio, M., Alloni, A., Baschirotto, C., Valetti, C., Cortese, K., Puri, C., Bassi, M. T., Colla, C., De Luca, M., Tacchetti, C. and Ballabio, A.: Ocular Albinism: evidence for a defect in an intracellular signal transduction system Nature Genetics, 1999; vol. 23

92. Ophthalmic Genetics And Visual Function Branch there is no correlation of the type of the asymmetry with any other feature ofalbinism. Collaboration with the InterInstitute Medical genetics Program has http://www.nei.nih.gov/intramural/ogcsb.htm

Health Funding News Laboratories ... NEI Laboratories Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch Building 10, Room 10N226 10 Center Drive, MSC 1860 Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1860 Phone: (301) 496-3577 Fax: (301) 402-1214 Sections Activities/Accomplishments Staff Recent Publications ... Ophthalmic Genetics Research News for Patients Mission Statement The Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch plans and conduct clinical and laboratory research of gene expression and molecular interactions important to the eye, and applies clinically relevant research findings to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the eye and visual system, including corneal disease, cataract, retinal diseases, and abnormalities of the visual pathways. Clinical and laboratory approaches to this research will be coordinated and training opportunities in clinical research methodology will be available. The Branch is divided into the following Sections: (Click on the name of the Section to see its activities) Section Chief E-mail Phone Number Ophthalmic Clinical Genetics Muriel I. Kaiser, M.D.

93. Genetics Web Resources. genetics. Home. Organizations Associations. genetics MultnomahPublic Library. Viruses Diseases Megasites -Multnomah Public Library. http://www.sowashco.k12.mn.us/virtualmedia/secondary/genetics.htm

Secondary Virtual Library Web Resources Genetics Home Individual Diseases Genetics - Multnomah Public Library -Multnomah Public Library Alphabetic List of Specific Disease/Disorders http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/alphalist.html - allows you to search for valid sites and articles dealing with specific diseases. Alzheimer’s Association http://www.alz.org/ - discuses the facts, health care, medical issues and research on this disease. Blazing a Genetic Trail: Research on Mutant Genes and Hereditary Diseases http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/start.htm - contains many articles on different aspects of genetics. Down Syndrome http://www.nas.com/downsyn/ - established in February of 1995 and has been (and still is) compiled from the contributions of members of the Down Syndrome Listserv and others. Includes sections on medical articles, healthcare guideline, and FAQ’s. Featured Genes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/SCIENCE96/genelist

94. Genetics Questions 1 genetics QUESTIONS 1 1. A number of plant species have a recessive allele foralbinism; homozygous albino (white) individuals are unable to synthesize http://webpages.marshall.edu/~adkinsda/b120gen1.htm

GENETICS QUESTIONS 1 1. A number of plant species have a recessive allele for albinism; homozygous albino (white) individuals are unable to synthesize chlorophyll. If a tobacco plant heterozygous for albinism is allowed to self-pollinate and 500 seeds germinate: a/ how many offspring will be the same genotype as the parent? b/ how many seedlings would you expect to be white? 2. In mice colored coat is dominant to albinism. Sniffles, a male mouse with a colored coat is mated to Esmeralda, an alluring albino. The resulting litter of six young all had colored fur. The next time around Esmeralda was mated with Whiskers, who was the same color as Sniffles; some of this litter were white. a/ What are the probable genotypes of Sniffles, Esmeralda, and Whiskers? b/ If a male of the 1st litterwas mated to a colored female of the 2nd litter, what phenotypic ratio might be expected among the offspring? c/ What would be the expected results if a male of the 1st litter was mated to an albino from the 2nd? 3. In Drosophila the allele for dachs (short-legged = d) is recessive to the allele for normal leg length (D), and the allele for hairy body (h) is recessive to the allele for normal body (H). Make a Punnett square for the following crosses: a/ DdHh x DdHh b/ DDHh x Ddhh

95. Pharyngula - UMM Geneticsbiologymom writes I am very interested in articles/studies related to ofthe article is Subnormal visual acuity syndromes (SVAS) albinism in Swedish http://pharyngula.org/~development/topics.php?op=viewtopic&topic=26

96. EMedicine - Ocular Manifestations Of Albinism : Article By Mohammed O Peracha, M J Clin Neurophysiol 1998 Mar; 15(2) 1469Medline. Spritz RA Molecular geneticsof oculocutaneous albinism. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3 Spec No 1469-75Medline. http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic260.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Ophthalmology Ophthalmology For The General Practitioner Ocular Manifestations of Albinism Last Updated: June 22, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: albinism, oculocutaneous albinism, ocular albinism AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Mohammed O Peracha, MD , Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University Coauthor(s): Dean Eliott, MD , Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University Enrique Garcia-Valenzuela, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University Mohammed O Peracha, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Editor(s): Kilbourn Gordon III, MD

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