41. The Islamic World To 1600 - Bibliography Levtzion, Nehemia. ancient Ghana and Mali. Dols, Michael W. The Black Death in theMiddle east. Lindner, Rudi Paul. Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval anatolia. http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/bibliography.html

The Islamic World to 1600 Quickly access book and internet sources for the following chapters: General Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 ... Chapter 6 (External sites last checked on June 19, 2000) Quickly access image sources for the following chapters: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 ... Chapter 6 General Books Mostyn, Trevor, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Rahman, H.U. A Chronology of Islamic History, 570-1000 CE. Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Internet - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/islam/islamsbook.html - http://cwis.usc.edu:80/dept/MSA/reference/glossary.html Chapter 1: Islamic Beginnings Books Grant, Michael. From Rome to Byzantium: The Fifth Century AD. London: Routledge, 1998. Irving, Clive. Crossroads of Civilization: 3000 Years of Persian History. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979. Shahid, Irfan. Rome and the Arabs. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1984. Shahid, Irfan.

42. Bronze Age valued materials in the prehistoric middle east), near a the great leaders of theancient world was ruled the Fertile Crescent, southeastern anatolia and the http://www.angelfire.com/mac/elana/bronze.html

Mack-fucken-daddy Ancient Civ Notes In the Upper Paleolithic era, Homo sapiens sapiens began to slowly improve its lifestyle in terms of diet, clothing, and tools, but remained nomadic. They built some temporary shelters, but they had to follow migrating animals around to hunt them. It all began with the Neolithic Revolution , also known as the agricultural revolution . Humans learned to: domesticate animals farm weave (make baskets and ropes) polish stone make pottery construct lasting habitation This led to a sedentary lifestyle. We were able to learn to farm because of a climatic change. In more trying regions, like the Arctic, Africa and Australia, native people are still hunting and gathering. They learned to follow the seasons of planting, tending and harvesting, which we still follow today. Advancements occurred in pockets. Practices were tried and revised everywhere until lifestyle was permanently altered. Agriculture became popular in areas along river valleys and shorelines, and from there advanced inland. It never reached the mountains. Domestication of Animals A 15,000 year old cave painting in France depicts a horse with a line over its head, possibly resembling a harness.

43. Favorites pictures, sites, egypt, anatolia, greece History Timeline Link to ancient Rome ancientRome Daily Exhibits Collection The middle Ages World History Compass http://207.96.176.135/historyD

Favorites AltaVista: Main Page Lycos Ancient History - Mesopotamia Exploring Ancient World Cultures Ancient History - Greece pictures, sites, egypt, anatolia, greece ANCIENT AEGEAN - SIR ARTHUR EVANS, ARCHAEOLOGIST IN MINOAN CRETE - World History Compass EAWC: Ancient Greece ... Sparta Ancient History - Rome Ancient Rome Ancient Roman History Timeline Link to Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Daily Life Medieval sites: women, Duc de Berry Castles on the Web offers castle links, castle photos, castle site of the day, castles for kids, free castle web pages and more! Exhibits Collection The Middle Ages World History Compass LES TRES RICHES HEURES DU DUC DE BERRY ... ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Part 5 15th-Century RenaÉ Enlightenment Jean-Jacques Rousseau Montesquieu Modern History Sourcebook: Montesquieu: Spirit of the Laws, 1748 Jean-Jacques Rousseau American Revolution Internet Modern History Sourcebook: American Independence Timetable to Independence The Avalon Project : Fugitive Slave Act 1850 The Avalon Project : Emancipation Proclamation ... The Avalon Project : Statutes of the United States French Revolution Girondists Marat, Jean Paul

44. Anthropology | Students | List Of Students 2) (Arch), Africa, Relation between ancient Egypt in middle and Late Bronze AgeAnatolia , jlundal@midway. SHOSHAN, Nitzan (2), middle east Israel; Germany, Labor http://anthropology.uchicago.edu/students.html

Starr Lectureships Department of Anthropology Student Directory Autumn 2002 Name Region Dissertation or Interests Email AFTANDILIAN, David (Phys) (4) US-MidWest "Changing Perceptions of Animals in the Prehistoric Lower Illinois Valley and American Bottom: Evidence from Artistic Representation" afta@midway.uchicago.edu AHMAD, Rizwan (4) SoAsia-Maldives "The Political Economy of Nation: Myth, Magic and the State in the Maldives" AHMED, Asad (4) SoAsia-Pakistan "Adjudicating the Nation, Disciplining Islam: Blasphemy Trials and Islamic Nationalism in Contemporary Pakistan" aa-ahmed@uchicago.edu ALCALDE, Marina (2) LatAmer- Argentina malcalde@midway.uchicago.edu ALLEN, Lori (3) Middle East "The Uncertain State of Palestine: 'Pain and Suffering' in Nationalism & State Building" laa3@midway.uchicago.edu AMRUTE, Sareeta (3) W Europe So Asia Immigration "Information, Inder, Internationalism: The Information Technology Worker in Germany"

45. 1Up Info > Iraq > THE OTTOMAN PERIOD, 1534-1918 | Iraqi Information Resource Ottomans, fearing that Shia Islam would spread to anatolia (Asia Minor GeographicLocation middle east, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait. http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/iraq/iraq14.html

You are here 1Up Info Iraq History People ... News Search 1Up Info Iraq Iraq THE OTTOMAN PERIOD, 1534-1918 The major impact of the Safavid-Ottoman conflict on Iraqi history was the deepening of the Shia-Sunni rift. Both the Ottomans and the Safavids used Sunni and Shia Islam respectively to mobilize domestic support. Thus, Iraq's Sunni population suffered immeasurably during the brief Safavid reign (1623-38), while Iraq's Shias were excluded from power altogether during the longer period of Ottoman supremacy (1638-1916). During the Ottoman period, the Sunnis gained the administrative experience that would allow them to monopolize political power in the twentieth century. The Sunnis were able to take advantage of new economic and educational opportunities while the Shias, frozen out of the political process, remained politically impotent and economically depressed. The Shia-Sunni rift continued as an important element of Iraqi social structure in the 1980s (see Religious Life , ch. 2). The cycle of tribal warfare and of deteriorating urban life that began in the thirteenth century with the Mongol invasions was temporarily reversed with the reemergence of the Mamluks. In the early eighteenth century, the Mamluks began asserting authority apart from the Ottomans. Extending their rule first over Basra, the Mamluks eventually controlled the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys from the Persian Gulf to the foothills of Kurdistan. For the most part, the Mamluks were able administrators, and their rule was marked by political stability and by economic revival. The greatest of the Mamluk leaders, Suleyman the II (1780-1802), made great strides in imposing the rule of law. The last Mamluk leader, Daud (1816-31), initiated important modernization programs that included clearing canals, establishing industries, training a 20,000-man army, and starting a printing press.

46. Sunken Civilizations -- Www.geocities.com/sunkenciv/index.html Aegean. is deemed around mesopatamia or the middle east regions Some ancient textssuch as the Mahabharata http://www.geocities.com/sunkenciv/geobook.html

Wednesday, January 2, 2002 Old Messages Leave your comments to the right. Don't put too much personal information in your posting I don't need to know, and no one else visiting here needs to either. For that we have email Note: Send your message only once. This isn't automated, I will have to see your message in email. If you're reluctant to post your email address somewhere public for fear that you'll get spammed I don't blame you. I've provided a selector button to mark your guestbook submission as private. Anything you send using this or any of the other feedback, survey, or add a link forms, becomes my property. Is it the squeaky wheel that gets the grease, or the quacking duck that gets shot, or the empty can that makes the most noise? As I attempt to generate more traffic for my pages, I begin to wonder that, and the first place I'll find out is right here. This form requires a configured mail program and FORM support in your browser. This isn't a secure form, so don't send top secret information and expect it to stay out of enemy hands. [no longer works /cgi-bin/geoplus_apps/ans_entry] My Email: My URL: Keep private Make public Impression of this site in a few words: Comments: Type your comments here.

47. University Of Arizona - Archaeology Carol Kramer Ethnoarchaeology, middle east, India. mathematical methods; Europe,Near east, Western North Levant); the Paleolithic of anatolia; social and http://archaeology.miningco.com/library/univ/blarizona.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Archaeology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Archaeology with K. Kris Hirst Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Archaeology Glossary Book Catalog Guide to Graduate Schools ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement University of Arizona 1009 E South Campus Drive, Building #30 Tucson, Arizona 85721-0030 U.S.A. Phone: (520) 621-2176 Fax: (520) 626-5557 Email: ANTHRO@U.ARIZONA.EDU Home Page - Degrees Offered - BA/BS MA PhD - Archaeology Faculty - E. Charles Adams Effects of scalar stress on prehistoric and protohistoric agricultural societies in the U.S. Southwest; social and ritual organization of Pueblo groups in the U.S. Southwest; ethnoarchaeology, protohistoric period; Southwestern U.S. Lane Anderson Beck Mortuary analysis, bioarchaeology, North America, Regional analysis of mortuary practices in the Greater Southwest and Mesoamerica. Charles A. Bollong

48. Unit I: THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATIONS TO 500 BCE now bears their name in the middle of the 2. HITTITES and related tribes began enteringANATOLIA modern Turkey This title was common in the ancient world and http://www.hist.unt.edu/Faculty/Huddleston/1050/civ-u1ca.htm

The Emergence of Civilizations to 500 BCE Part III: The Ancient Near East ca 3000 to ca 1200 BCE Sect I: SOUTHWEST ASIA Mesopotamia Babylon and Indo-Europeans Mesopotamian Religion Learning the past from old bones with Anshe , a review of Simon J. M. Davis, The Archaeology of Animals The Epic of Gilgamesh 2. The Rise and Fall of LUGALZAGISSI, ca. 2400-2350 BCE: Lagash controlled the small town of Nina where a former priest raised his own army and took the name Lugalzagissi. He captured the city of Umma and then attacked Lagash. The current Ensi of Lagash was Urukagina. He left us a truly remarkable "testament" in which he claimed that when he became Ensi of Lagash he discovered that his predecessors had overtaxed the citizenry and had allowed the lords of the city to extort wealth from the people. He attempted to stop such practices and thereby lost the support of the lords. A copy of Urukagina's testament in English appears in Samuel Noah Kramer, The Sumerians The Curse of Agade The Sumerians . Ur was ungovernable. The king of Elam took advantage of the chaos and raided the city. They killed many, took movable wealth, and left the city in ruins.After the Elamites left, Ishbi Erra arrived and annexed Ur to his new kingdom. There followed

49. BLUE Book Notes Old Europe (modern Balkans) and anatolia (Turkey) were not Humans lived in Midgard(middle garden). of prophesy The great seeresses of ancient times must http://www.bluegreenearth.com/booknotes/reviews2.html

50. University Of Chicago Department Of History, Courses & Workshops Course Number Title 30900 ancient Mediterranean World Iran and the Turkmens inAnatolia and western European perceptions of the middle east conflict, from http://history.uchicago.edu/courses/spring2003.html

Course Descriptions for Spring 2003 100-level courses are undergraduate courses. 200/300-level courses are cross-listed for undergraduate and graduate students. 400-level courses are primarily for graduates and upper-level undergraduates with consent of the intructor. 500-600 are graduate colloquia. 700-800 are seminars reserved for History graduate students; other graduate students must receive the consent of instructor before registering for these courses. Autumn 2002 Winter 2003 Instructor: Kendrick, Robert Prereq: Description: A two-quarter sequence in the history of Western music from its origins through the present, emphasizing the evolution of musical style. History 12700 covers music up to 1750, including the medieval, renaissance, and baroque periods; History 12800 covers music from the classical ear until the present. This two-quarter sequence meets the general education requirement in civilization studies. It may not be used to meet the general education requirement in the dramatic, musical, and visual arts. Students must confirm enrollment by attending one of the first two sessions of class. Instructor: Craig, John

51. OSU Isthmia Offprints and Satraps in Western anatolia. Archaeoligische Mittelungen POHLSANDER, HANS A.; Constantia. ; ancient Society 24 ;1993 of the Year in the middle Ages. ; Proc http://isthmia.ohio-state.edu/teg/isthmia00/offprints.htm

52. Date: Mon, 31 May 1999 people working on Central Asia, preOttoman anatolia or the with a modern map of theMiddle east and the look like the crumbling parapets of an ancient fortress http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~history/news/2001-2002/turk-news.html

Date: 6 November 1998. Dear Colleagues: As someone who has made the study of the Ottoman Empire a career choice, I am delighted to see the increasing interest in the study of a long and very often puzzling imperial system. Take a look at the MESA 98 preliminary program, and you will find an "Ottomanist" represented in every time slot, often included in panels on identity, poverty, gender, etc. That trend has me thinking about definitions and pedagogy. I teach in a [small] history department where my chair introduces me variously as an "Ottomanist," and "Islamicist," or a "Young Turk." I do indeed teach out of the first two of those definitions in the classroom, but my research interests are grounded in broadly conceived comparative social history. I am currently working on a manuscript on Ottoman war and society after 1700, and setting it in the context of the other early modern empires of Eastern Europe. Hence, my interest in definitions, periodization and new approaches. What defines us as a subdiscipline(s)? How do we draw the line between the comparative and its tendency to generalize, something "empire" as a unit of analysis lends itself to, and a field whose funding and training has been grounded in area studies? Some will call me naive for hoping that we can have an informed discussion about a space and chronology so laden with stereotypes, hatreds and political black holes, but so be it. That space is generating some new regional research concerning the Ottoman period, specifically on the Balkans and Hungary, as well as on Anatolia, Egypt, Palestine, Iraq, and Syria. Are there ways to bring these new approaches on the

53. Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Colin Renfrew, Marija Gimbutas: The Indo-European Invasion Thus the language(s) common to anatolia 9,000 to over almost the entire area whereancient cave paintings in many directions from the middle east toward other http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/gimbutas.html

Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Colin Renfew, and Marija Gimbutas on the Indo-European invasions and the earlier Goddess cultures You are at http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/gimbutas.html. (1) Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Genes, Peoples, and Languages , tr. Mark Seielstad, Penguin NY 2000. - from stylistic ehanges in axes and pottery to changes in burial praetices during the copper and iron ages in central Europe - in terms of grand migrations and conquests. After the last world war, this approach was attacked , particularly by the English school of archeology. Researchers began to theorize that innovations could spread in densely populated regions as the result of well-developed commercial networks. This critique was important, but it eventually was carried to a dogmatic extreme. Before World War II, all cultural change was thought to result from massive migrations; afterward, migratory explanations were considered unacceptable . Only merchants traveled, carrying objects later recovered in diggings. Archeology has shown that the spread of agriculture was very slow and was accompanied by a considerable increase in population density. By contrast, all purely cultural diffusions were very quick and rarely had demographic consequences. Ammerman and I asked, as critically as possible, whether the spread of agriculture in Europe was a cultural or demic process, that is, did farming or farmers spread?

54. Tijdschriften Archeologie UBA Translate this page , ABZU guide to resources..ancient Near east, WWW-link. 1(1956), 4(1959)-15(1971),WA anatolia. de l'Asie, 1(1967), WA Anatolica. -, ancient History Bulletin, WWW-link. http://members.lycos.nl/hemea/ts134.htm

WWW-LINK WWW-link ; charset=iso-8859-1"> Tijdschriften en series op het gebied van de Archeologie en de Kunstgeschiedenis van de Klassieke Oudheid in de collecties van de Universiteitsbibliotheek Amsterdam Abhandlungen der Phil-Ph.Klasse KBayerAW KA 140.Orch.01 ABZU: guide to resources..Ancient Near East WWW-link Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica : KA S.P.71 Classis I: historia et sociologia Accordia Research Paper (London) KA Accordia RP Acropole : revue mensuelle du monde hell. UBM: Z 4323 N.S. 1(1926)-10(1935) KA (Magazijn) Acta ad Archeologiam et Artium Hist. Pert. 128: TS 015 Acta Antiqua (Budapest) KA ActaAntHung Acta Archaeologica (Acad.Sc.Hung, Budapest) KA (Magzijn) Acta Archaeologica (Kobnhaven) 323: T 1601 KA ActaArch Acta Archaeologica (Ljub ljana)(=Arheol.Vestnik) UBM: V.V. 47 KA (Magazijn) KA AVes Acta Archaeologica Carpathica KA ActaArchCarp Acta Classica (Klass.Ver.van Suid-Afrika) UBM: V.V. 747 KA (Magazijn) KA S.12.Pock.- Acta Hyperborea KA ActaHyp Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae KA (Magazijn) Acta Musei Silesiae KA (Magazijn) Acta Orientalia (Soc.Or.Batava..)

55. The Armenian File-Preface in the Arab territories, the Balkans and in anatolia. to live in Armenia in ancienttimes, most the American national interests in the middle east, the Balkans http://www.eraren.org/eng/articles/ArmeniasJewishScepticism.htm

Armenia's Jewish Scepticism and Its Impact on Armenia-Israel Relations Dr. Sedat LAÇÝNER ‘It is in our blood to hate the Turks. However, we hate Bulgarians and Greeks also. The Jews like Turks, but they hate Arabs. The Arabs, in their turn, are not in favour with the Turks. And the level of hatred is rising’ Narek Mesropian [i] Although the Jewish community in Armenia dates back almost 2,000 years, the population of the Jews has reduced to fewer than 1,000 individuals in Armenia and in Karabakh province, which is the Azerbaijan territory under the Armenian occupation. Ironically this tiny Jewish community has exposed to the rising Armenian anti-Semitism in the recent years, and now they are considered as ‘guests’ in Armenia where they have lived for the ages. [ii] I. ARMENIAN ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE OTTOMAN PERIOD The Ottoman experience proves that anti-Semitism is an old Armenian habit. The main reason for anti-semitism among the Ottoman Armenians was mainly religious biases. For the Christian Armenians the Jews were in great sin. It was a common belief among the Armenians that the Jews slaughter young Christian Armenians and use their blood at the Passover feast. In Amasya province for instance local Armenian priests and notables claimed that an Armenian woman had seen Jews slaughter a young Armenian boy and use his blood for religious purposes. Stanford J. Shaw describes the following events:

56. (put Title Here) Peradotto, J., Man in the middle Voice (Sheila and Aristotle; 12.26, Stephens/Winkleredd., ancient Greek Novels SEEN Vegetius; 2.2, Mitchell, anatolia; 2.20, Dee http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak3/fr37/BMCLR_90-98.htm

Suche Mawr Classical Review Thomas Library, Bryn Mawr College Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhalt 1990 Bermel, A., Farce: A History from Aristophanes to Woody Allen (L.T. Pearcy) Bonfante, L., Etruscan (H. H. Hoenigswald) Bowersock, G.W., Hellenism in Late Antiquity (J.J. O'Donnell) Briggs, W. W. and Calder, W. M., III, Classical Scholarship: A Biographical Encyclopedia (J. Rusten) Cameron, A., History as Text: The Writing of Ancient History (A. M. Gowing) Chuvin, Pierre, A Chronicle of the Last Pagans (L.T. Pearcy) Clarke, D. S. Jr., Sources of Semiotic: Readings with Commentary from Antiquity to the Present (J. J. O'Donnell) Duncan-Jones, R., Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy (J. J. O'Donnell) Engels, Donald W., Roman Corinth (Daniel P. Tompkins) Garner, Richard: From Homer to Tragedy: The Art of Allusion in Greek Poetry (M. Halleran) Grainger, John D., The Cities of Seleukid Syria (N. Pollard) Heiden, B., Tragic Rhetoric: An Interpretation of Sophocles' *Trachiniae* (G. W. Dickerson) Henry, E. The Vigour of Prophecy. A Study of Virgil's *Aeneid* (and) O'Hara, J. J., Death and the Optimistic Prophecy in Vergil's *Aeneid* (J. Farrell) Isaac, B., The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East (David S. Potter)

57. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Jan Dreissen. Bronze Age of anatolia and the Levant. Stan Hendrickx. Egypt Predynasticto middle Kingdom. Social and economic history of the Roman Near east. http://www.anthropology.about.com/library/univ/blkuleuven.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Archaeology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Archaeology with K. Kris Hirst Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Archaeology Glossary Book Catalog Guide to Graduate Schools ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Departement Archeologie, Kunstwetenschap en Musicologie Blijde-Inkomststraat 21 B-3000 LEUVEN Belgium Tel.: 32 (0)16 32.48.62 (A. Hasendonckx) Fax: 32 (0)16 32.50.94 E-mail: ann.hasendonckx@arts.kuleuven.ac.be Home Page - Degrees Offered - MA Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology - Archaeology Faculty - Sytze Bottema Environmental Archaeology of the Mediterranean, based on Palaeobotany Joachim Bretschneider . Bronze Age of Anatolia and the Levant. Willy Clarysse . Social and economic history of the Hellenistic Near East. Jan Dreissen . Bronze Age of Anatolia and the Levant. Gerard Govers . Archaeological applications of GIS Stan Hendrickx . Egypt: Predynastic to Middle Kingdom. Hans Hauben.

58. Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire, Vol. 5 By Edward Gibbon the youngest had been confined to anatolia, Armenia, Georgia Amida, ^116 and Nisibis,the ancient limit of more correctly, styled in the middle ages, (Wesseling http://www.selfknowledge.com/5dfre1b.htm

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 5 by Edward Gibbon Hypertext Meanings and Commentaries from the Encyclopedia of the Self by Mark Zimmerman Return to Part 1 of 2 [Footnote 70: Abulpharagius (Dynast. p. 26, 148) mentions a Syriac version of Homer's two poems, by Theophilus, a Christian Maronite of Mount Libanus, who professed astronomy at Roha or Edessa towards the end of the viiith century. His work would be a literary curiosity. I have read somewhere, but I do not believe, that Plutarch's Lives were translated into Turkish for the use of Mahomet the Second.] [Footnote 71: I have perused, with much pleasure , Sir William Jones's Latin Commentary on Asiatic Poetry, (London, 1774, in octavo,) which was composed in the youth of that wonderful linguist. At present, in the maturity of his taste and judgment, he would perhaps abate of the fervent, and even partial, praise which he has bestowed on the Orientals.] [Footnote 72: Among the Arabian philosophers, Averroes has been accused of despising the religions of the Jews, the Christians, and the Mahometans, (

59. Eurocentric Vs. Euro-Dominant History grid start?) or call Europe Ralph and middle Asia Garden or are they rooted inmore ancientnonEuropean in Europe than in Asia (meaning anatolia in that http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~world/threads/eurocentric.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] Eurocentric vs. Euro-Dominant History Author: Whitney Howarth, World History Center, Northeastern University Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 16:48:55 -0500 whowarth@lynx.dac.neu.edu ***Eurocentric vs. Euro-dominant history*** Most scholars purusing World History as a research field will agree that a Eurocentric model does not successfully present our global historical reality. Though many world history textbooks still tend to fall short of the "global" mark, an increasing number of world history monographs tend to focus on world-systems and cross-cultural interactions (i.e. Wallerstein and Curtin). Educators, wisely, often supplement these textbooks with such monographs in hopes of presenting a fuller narrative of the past, and to formulate a new historiography which does not perpetuate Eurocentrism. Ideally, I envision a world historical methodology which embraces connections and searches for patterns trans-nationally, but find myself often perplexed by the numbers of contemporary world historical pieces which tend to promote the "dominance" of Europe (post-1500) as the prevalent theme of research.

60. REFERENCES Insectivore faunas from the Lower Miocene of anatolia. approach based on modern andancient material MAZZA, P., 1997, The middle Pleistocene rhinoceros remains http://euromam.leidenuniv.nl/nieuwsbrief/1998/98refer.htm

References The aim of this review is to list all references (including keywords) of articles published in the past year. The articles will have to be relevant to our European colleagues (no references of (semi)popular papers, conference abstracts or papers written in a language which is difficult to understand by most of our colleagues [Dutch for instance]). Some interesting articles will be treated more extensively by the presentation of the abstract and/or, if possible, some figures. The papers should present information on topics with a palaeontological character (such as biostratigraphy, taxonomy, evolution, taphonomy and methodology). However, not only papers on mammalian palaeontology will be discussed in the Newsletter but also articles from other disciplines, which are relevant to our field, will be presented. PLEASE SUBMIT INFORMATION FOR THE NEXT NEWSLETTER TO THE EDITOR BEFORE MARCH 1999. ABBAZZI L., A. DELGADO HUERTAS, P. IACUMIN, A. LONGINELLI, G. FICCARELLI, F. MASINI, D. TORRE, 1997: Mammal changes and isotopic biogeochemistry. An interdisciplinary approach to climatic-environmental reconstructions at the last- Pleniglacial/late-Glacial transition in the Paglicci Cave section (Gargano, Apulia, SE Italy). -Il Quaternario, 9(2), 573-580. AGUSTÍ, J. Y ANTÓN, M. (1997): Memoria de la Tierra. Vertebrados fósiles de la península Ibérica. 157 pp. Ed. Serbal. Barcelona.

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