21. BASIN ANALYSIS Models a. Introduction b. Geometry c. Lithology d. paleontology e. Sedimentary ofReef Limestones g. Diagenesis h. Preceding Topography 3. ancient reefs. http://cas.memphis.edu/geology/dlumsden/basin/baoutlineh.html

BASIN ANALYSIS Geology 7100 Outline D. N. Lumsden Part I Background I. Introduction A. Why Basin Analysis? B. Ingredients for Economic Accumulation of Petroleum 1. Source 2. Reservoir 3. Trap 4. Maturation C. The Petroleum Geologist D. The Oil Industry E. A Historical Perspective II. Reservoir Rocks A. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks. 1. Terrigenous Clastics a. Introduction b. Grain Size Classification c. Mineralogical Classification of Sandstones 1. Triangle-Tetrahedron Approach 2. Framework Grains 3. Matrix in Sandstones 4. Cement 5. Diagenesis in Sandstones d. Shales e. Common Clastic Reservoir Rocks 2. Carbonate Rocks a. Introduction b. Limestones 1. Dunham’s Classification 2. Diagenesis 3. Common Reservoirs c. Dolostones

22. Bibliography The History and Sedimentology of ancient Reef Systems in the sections on Ordovicianand SilurianDevonian reefs. at www.hceis.com./product/index/paleontology/. http://www.korallen.de/iasfcp/vol311/porifera.html

IV. 4. Porifera s.l. IV. 4.1. Archaeocyatha IV. 4.2. Stromatoporoids IV. 4.3. Porifera IV. 4.2. Stromatoporoids (and related organisms) (compiled by Colin W. Stearn, January, 2002) AL-SAAD, H. and SADOONI, F. N., 2001 Coral-algal stromatoporoid banks are reported on the platform margins. BOEHM, F., JOACHIMSKI, M. M., DULLO, W-C., EISENHAUER, A., LEHNERT, H., REITNER, J., and WORHEIDE, G., 2000 new: BOGOYAVLENSKAYA, O. V., 2001 Characterization of Devonian stromatoporoids of the Russian Platform. Paleontological Journal, 35:350-357.[Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, The stratigraphic range of stromatoporoids in the Devonian of the Russian Platform and the taxonomic composition of stromatoporoids are emended; new generic names and new descriptions of two known species are presented. The first data on the presence of the genera Clathrocoilona and Trupetostroma in this region are cited. CANTRELL, D., 2000 CARRERA, M. G. 2001 Analisis de la distribucion y composicion de las biofacies de la Formacion San Juan (Ordovicio Temprano), PreCordillera Argentina. - Ameghiniana, One of the 7 major biofacies recognized is the stromatoporoid biofacies.

23. Paul Copper In, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. happens to tropical marine ecosystems attimes of global stress, particularly what happened to ancient reefs in the http://laurentian.ca/geology/FACULTY/copper.html

Directory Academic Faculty Paul Copper Full Professor Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada B.A., M.A. (Saskatchewan), Ph.D.(London), D.I.C. PARRC (Paleozoic Reef Research Centre) Department of Earth Sciences Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Telephone: (705)675-1151 ext 2267 Fax: (705) 673-6508 email: pcopper@nickel.laurentian.ca Paleozoic Reef Research Centre (PARRC) PARRC consists of the following researchers interested in mid-Paleozoic reefs and reefal settings, especially from Anticosti, Banks Island Ontario: Paul Copper pcopper@nickel.laurentian.ca , Earth Sciences, Laurentian University: stratigraphy, Ordovician-Devonian reef distribution and biotas. Mass extinctions , Brachiopods, Corals Darrel Long dlong@nickel.laurentian.ca , Earth Sciences, Laurentian University: Sedimentology of reefs and siliciclastics Evan Edinger eedinger@mun.ca , assistant faculty, Memorial University: paleoecology of reef settings Leif Tapanila leif@burgoyne.com

24. Laurentian University Faculty Publications: !!First Last!!, Dept. Of Earth Scien Massif, northwest France. Journal of paleontology, 68 (3 reefs under stress thefossil record ancient reef ecosystem expansion and collapse. Coral reefs, 13 http://laurentian.ca/admn/GRAD_STUDY/FACPUBLICATIONS/EARTHSCIENCES/pcopper.html

COPPER, Paul Phone: (705) 675-1151, ext. 2267 Fax: (705) 675-4898 E-Mail: pcopper@nickel.laurentian.ca Books / Livres Copper, P. and Jin, J.S., eds. (1996). Brachiopods . Rotterdam, NE: Balkema Press, 373p. Chapters in Books / Chapitres de livres Copper, P. (2002). "Silurian and Devonian reefs: 80 million years of global greenhouse between two ice ages." In SEPM Special Publication Copper, P. (2002). "Order Atrypida." In Treatise on Invertebrate paleontology Alvarez, F. and Copper, P. (2002). "Superfamilies Dayioidea, Anoplothecoidea, Uncitoidea [Incertae sedis, aff. Athyridida]." In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Copper, P. (1997). Several chapters in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Ed. by A. Williams et al. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, H (1), 539p. Copper, P. (1997). "Introduction to brachiopods." In Brachiopoda Revised, Introduction, Treatise on Invertebrate paleontology . Ed by A. Williams et al. H (1): 539p. Copper, P. (1997). "Articulate brachiopod shellbeds: Silurian examples from Anticosti, eastern Canada." Geobios Monograph , 20: 133-148, 6 figs.

25. Paleontology/Paleobotany (Posters) I LANDMAN, Neil H., Division of paleontology (Invertebrates), American OF TROPHIC LEVELIN ancient MARINE ECOSYSTEMS FROM SHORE FOR PLEISTOCENE reefs, SAN SALVADOR http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/session_3203.htm

Session No. 160 Tuesday, October 29, 2002 1:30 PM-5:30 PM, Colorado Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Paleontology/Paleobotany (Posters) I Paper # Booth # THE PRESERVATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN A SEDIMENTARY BASIN: AN INVERSE APPROACH : HANNISDAL, Bjarte, Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Univ of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, bhannis@geosci.uchicago.edu. STASIS IN BIVALVE GROWTH AND POPULATION ECOLOGY: AGE DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH CURVES, AND BIOMASS OF A POPULATION OF REVUELTIAN (UPPER TRIASSIC: EARLY-MID NORIAN) UNIONIDS FROM WEST TEXAS : RINEHART, Larry F., LUCAS, Spencer G., HECKERT, Andrew B., and ESTEP, John W., New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, lrinehart@msn.com STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH OF SILURIAN CHAIN CORALS : DRUMMOND, Carl N. and HOVERMAN, Robert, Department of Geosciences, Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, drummond@ipfw.edu A COMBINED LANDMARK AND OUTLINE BASED APPROACH TO ONTOGENETIC SHAPE CHANGE IN THE ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITE TRIARTHRUS BECKI : SHEETS, H. David, Physics, Canisius College, 2001 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14208, sheets@canisius.edu, KIM, Keonho, Dept. of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, and MITCHELL, Charles, Dept. of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION OF CORBICULA SPECIES (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA) FROM A MIXED FRESHWATER-MARINE MOLLUSCAN ASSEMBLAGE IN THE FOX HILLS FORMATION (LATE CRETACEOUS: MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH DAKOTA : BOUCHARD, Timothy D.

26. BRYOZOAN SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES ON ADJACENT MODERN REEFS IN THE LOWER FLORIDA KEYS nearby, as well as more ancient reefs as in by their absence from the Sambo reefs,as are 17Booth 11 paleontology/Paleobotany (Posters) Sheraton Burlington http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NE/finalprogram/abstract_1969.htm

BRYOZOAN SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES ON ADJACENT MODERN REEFS IN THE LOWER FLORIDA KEYS NATURAL VARIABILITY AND PALEOECOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS REAP, Karen A. , CUFFEY, Roger J. , BORKOW, Philip S. , KISSLING, Don L. , and SOROKA, Leonard G. Within large ecosystems, different instances of the same kind of subhabitat can exhibit variations in their biotic composition. Examples from modern environments can clarify the extent of such variability, so that comparable variations in fossil assemblages can be recognized and not confused with possible differences introduced by taphonomic processes or sampling procedures. Bryozoan species from adjacent reefs in the modern outer Florida reef tract illustrate this well, in addition to furnishing new data for understanding both those living reefs and their Pleistocene counterparts fossilized near-by, as well as more ancient reefs as in the Ordovician around Lake Champlain. Over 150 colonies were identified from shallow (0-10 m) and deep (20-30 m) ecozones on Eastern and Middle Sambo reefs (Lower Florida Keys), and compared with those recognized on Looe Key just to the east. Twelve species occur both shallow and deep on the Sambo reefs; those common are Cleidochasma porcellana and Reptadeonella violacea

27. El Niño Found To Be 124,000 Years Old and unusually wet weather, chemically etched into ancient reefs, show changes SeeAlso Weather and climate paleontology Global warming More information on http://www.researchmatters.harvard.edu/story.php?article_id=194

28. Homepage Von Michaela Bernecker Translate this page research topics Sedimentology and paleontology in early Mesozoic and early quantitativeanalysis and microfacies studies of ancient reefs an integrated http://www.geol.uni-erlangen.de/pal/mitarbeiter/bernecker/

Dr. Michaela Bernecker Loewenichstr. 28, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany phone: ++49/9131/8526958 Fax: ++49/9131/8522690 email: bernecke@pal.uni-erlangen.de research topics: Sedimentology and paleontology in early Mesozoic and early Caenozoic sediments Strong emphasis on field work and outcrop analog studies (Europe, Middle East) Development of quantitative methods in sedimentology using digital image analysis Research interests in facies analysis, reef development and sequence stratigraphy research areas: Tertiary: Central Oman : Seeb and Sur area; Southern Oman: Dhofar and Duqm area Triassic: Oman Mountains: Jabal Kawr and Al-Aridh, Hawasina Nappes; Jabal Sumeini publications: BERNECKER, M. (1996): Upper Triassic reefs of the Oman Mountains: Data from the South Tethyan margin.- Facies 34, 41-76, 11 Figs., Pl. 11-18, Erlangen. BERNECKER, M. (1996): Upper Triassic carbonates of the Oman Mountains: Jabal Kawr area (Hawasina Nappes) and Jabal Wasa (Sumeini Group).- Report for the Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals, Sultanate of Oman, Muscat. oral presentations: BERNECKER, M.(2001): Coral distribution on the Arabian shelf: Examples from the Tertiary of Oman.- International Conference Geology of Oman, Muscat.

29. The Milwaukee Public Museum - Geology Section As a senior in paleontology at the University of California, Berkeley he was themessage of diversity, said Watkins, but in fact, the ancient reefs were much http://www.mpm.edu/research/geology/aa_watkins_lore.html

Visit Us Exhibits School Programs Humphrey IMAX Dome Theater Join Today Travel Programs Museum Shops Private Rentals Volunteer Work Opportunities anthropology botany geology history ... virtual reef Additional Information Search the Museum Contact Us Geology Section Curator Showcase Rodney Watkins Adventures in Bedrock by Paul G. Hayes A 26-million-year history of Milwaukee lies in a dank room of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Kenilworth Building-and Rodney Watkins wants to read it. B ut to do so he'll need a forklift and a high-powered flashlight. Why? This history is embedded in cores of Milwaukee's bedrock. Thousands of feet long, the cores are broken into segments and stored on pallets, some stacked as tall as six feet. T he cores were drilled years ago for use by engineers as the Metropolitan Milwaukee Sewerage District's (MMSD) deep tunnel system was getting under way. Ten years after the completion of the tunnels, MMSD gave the core to the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, which in turn stored the material at the Kenilworth Building. B edrock under Milwaukee means Silurian Period dolomite, a rock similar to limestone laid down by shallow, salty seas from 443 million to 417 million years ago give or take a million on either end as more is learned," Watkins said.

30. David Meyer Invertebrate paleobiology (especially echinoderms), University of Cincinnati.Category Science Earth Sciences Paleontologists Invertebrate...... chiefly in the field of invertebrate paleontology, but extend study of such aspectsof ancient organisms as hurricane that affected lush coral reefs of these http://www.uc.edu/geology/faculty/meyer.html

Professor of Geology Department of Geology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0013 telephone 513-556-4530 e-mail David.Meyer@UC.EDU Education B.S., University of Michigan, 1966 Ph.D., Yale University, 1970 15-GEOL-521- Paleontology 15-GEOL-695- Paleoecology 15-GEOL-351- Age of Dinosaurs 15-GEOL-526- 15-GEOL-822- Paleontology Seminar 15-GEOL-163- Planet Earth My research interests lie chiefly in the field of invertebrate paleontology, but extend to coral reef ecology, paleoecology, and taphonomy. Specifically, I am concerned with paleobiology, the study of such aspects of ancient organisms as ecology and functional morphology, in relation to the evolutionary history of organisms. I am particularly interested in the Phylum Echinodermata, especially the crinoids, which have a long and diverse fossil record. My research is divided between studies of present-day echinoderms and fossil forms. My research on living crinoids involves the use of SCUBA and submersible diving in regions of the Caribbean and Western Pacific. Most recently I have revisited reef study sites on the Caribbean islands of Bonaire and Curacao to assess the long-term status of crinoid populations, first examined in the 1960s and 70s. An unusual hurricane that affected lush coral reefs of these islands has prompted a new line of research for me into coral reef ecology and paleoecology. Masters student Jill Bries conducted a study of damage to the reefs resulting from Hurricane Lenny in 1999. Her work led me to examine Pleistocene reefs preserved there and to compare them with other Pleistocene reefs across the Caribbean. In collaboration with former student Ben Greenstein, we are investigating preservation potential of reefs in regions experiencing different histories of hurricane disturbance.

31. Reefs And Silics Abstract, Leinfelder 1997 Institute of Geology and paleontology, University of Stuttgart, Herdweg 51, D70174 Bothin the Modern and ancient examples coral reefs and carbonate http://141.84.51.10/palaeo_de/Abstracts/Lei97.html

CORAL REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORMS WITHIN A SILICICLASTIC SETTING. GENERAL ASPECTS AND EXAMPLES FROM THE LATE JURASSIC OF PORTUGAL. Reinhold Leinfelder Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Stuttgart, Herdweg 51, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp., 2, 1737-1742, Panama City ABSTRACT Last changes 20. Dec. 97 by R. Leinfelder

32. Reference - ARCHAEOPTERYX: The Bird That Rocked The World Page 2 in the 57th annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate paleontology, hosted by The Remnantsof ancient reefs, islands and marine lagoons in the limestone have http://www.netpets.com/birds/reference/fun/archaeopteryx2.html

ARCHAEOPTERYX: The Bird That Rocked the World Continued from page 1 A German Treasure Comes To America Six more specimens of Archaeopteryx were found in 1876, 1951, 1956, 1970, 1987 and 1992 - all in the Solnhofen limestone quarries of Germany. The seventh and most recent find will be exhibited at The Field Museum. "When you start giving a fossil numbers, you know how rare it is," says John Flynn, chairman of the Museum's geology department. "Only three of the Archaeopteryx have individual feathers clearly preserved in the stone; the specimen coming to Chicago is one of them." None of the fossils has ever been exhibited outside of Europe. Flynn says the exhibit was made possible through close working relationships between Field Museum curators and their German colleagues. "The international collaborations we have are incredibly strong," says Flynn. "Science tends to transcend political boundaries." Peter Wellnhofer, an expert on Archaeopteryx and pterosaurs (flying reptiles) and curator for the State Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology in Bavaria, will accompany the Archaeopteryx fossil on its journey to America. he will be in Chicago for the duration of the exhibit and will give a public talk about the prehistoric bird at 2:00 p.m. on Saturday, October 18 at The Field Museum.

33. Written Assignment ancient reefs a description of fossil reefs how they were Significance of reefs- academic, economic, geologic, etc. Journal of paleontology, 59551-560. http://www.geology.iupui.edu/classes/g109/Joe_Paper.htm

Written Assignment The Assignment: Write a 5-10 page, double-spaced, paper to explore a course-related topic in more detail. Grades for the report will be based on both substance (content, organization, and clarity) and on technical elements (spelling, grammar, general format, etc.). Remember, the rules of Standard English composition are important for communication on any topic, including this paper. Format: Plan on including an Introduction section, that describes the nature of the topic. This is followed by one or more sections , dictated by the nature of the topic, that cover the major subject areas. For example, if your paper is on Silurian Reefs of Indiana , you might include the following sections: Introduction - what are living reefs like? Ancient Reefs Distribution - where do they occur in the state? Significance of Reefs - academic, economic, geologic, etc. Follow this with a Conclusions section summarizing your findings ( do not include any new information) Finally, include a References section that lists the sources you actually cited in writing your paper..

34. Trilobite Ecology And Ancient Environments Trilobite Ecology and ancient Environments This page last revised sea floor, or withincomplex reefs, acting as paper by Desmond Collins (J. paleontology 70(2 http://www.aloha.net/~smgon/triloecology.htm

Trilobite Ecology and Ancient Environments This page last revised 08 FEB 2003 by S.M. Gon III Continental Drift in the Paleozoic Era Millions of years ago This animation of changing continental configurations courtesy of the PaleoMap Project developed by Christopher R. Scotese. Half a billion years ago , the Earth's marine environment was certainly not the same as it is today. It is likely that the ocean's chemistry, including salinity, was different, and the configuration of the ocean basins and continents was entirely unlike our modern globe, because of continental drift Biotic environments (the living community of plants and animals) were also different. While there were many species of marine plants and animals, many groups prominent today were missing, or poorly represented. For example, in the Cambrian and Ordovician , there were no jawed fishes , and Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, etc.) which dominate the arthropod fauna of today's oceans, were present, but not prominent. A view of a Silurian reef (courtesy of the Virtual Silurian Reef ) How many trilobites can you find?

35. DAVID HARP GRIFFING ? Research Interests Primary interests pelagic limestones, modern and ancient reefs and bioherms, animal ofthe Bahamas and Fall 1998, Geol 206 Invertebrate paleontology (both at St http://ga-mac.uncc.edu/faculty/griffing/griffing4

DAVID HARP GRIFFING - Research Interests Carbonate Sedimentology/Paleoenvironmental Analysis Primary interests: pelagic limestones, modern and ancient reefs and bioherms, animal-sediment relations, carbonate skeletal taphonomy, and paleosols. Related Research Projects: Depositional gradients and erosion/sedimentation/cementation events in subtidal skeletal limestones of the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group in New York State. Taphonomic and sedimentologic evidence for a complex depositional history in a organic-rich, hemi-pelagic "cephalopod limestone:" the Middle Devonian Cherry Valley Member (Marcellus Shale) of New York. Depositional and diagenetic history of a solenoporid bioherm in the Crown Point Formation (Chazy Group) of Isle LaMotte, Vermont. Rhizomorph cast architecture in a complex terra rosa paleosol interval, Grotto Beach Formation (Pleistocene), San Salvador Island, Bahamas Related Courses Taught: Spring 1999, Geology of the Bahamas and Fall 1998, Geol 206 Invertebrate Paleontology (both at St. Lawrence University). Related Symposia Participant: in 9th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 4-8, 1998, Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador, Bahamas.

36. Geology 3140 - Paleontology Syllabus GEOL 3140 paleontology Spring 2000 Students screening for into the evolution oflife, ancient depositional environments W 3/1 Cnidaria reefs through time http://ga-mac.uncc.edu/faculty/griffing/3140syllabus_S'00

GEOL 3140 - Paleontology Spring 2000 Students screening for Cretaceous vertebrate fossils near Elizabethtown, NC Fossil Mako shark tooth collected near Cross, SC Instructor: Dr. David Griffing Offices Hours: W 2-3 pm, R 9-10 am Office: McEniry 406 Lecture Time: MWF 9:00-9:50 am Phone: 547-2667 Lecture Room: Kennedy 321 e-mail: dhgriffi@email.uncc.edu Lab: during F lecture time Purpose: This course will expose you to the nature of the ancient biosphere. It will also familiarize you with many of the important groups of fossil organisms that played a significant role in the history of life on Earth. Our goal is to understand how the fossil record and paleontological analysis provides insight into the evolution of life, ancient depositional environments, major climatic changes, and plate tectonic reconstruction. Text: Prothero, Donald R., 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology. WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, 457 p., ISBN 0-07-052197-2 Attendance : Attendance of lecture, lab exercises and one weekend field trip is required for completion of this course. I will endeavor to mix in as much hands-on experience with fossils as possible, both in normal lecture time and during short lab exercises (some of which may be multi-week projects).

37. The College Of Wooster: Department Of Geology - Invertebrate Paleontology and Invertebrate paleontology is the study of ancient invertebrates, typically Journalof paleontology 67 10111016 event recorded in fossil coral reefs of the http://www.wooster.edu/geology/Paleo.html

Invertebrate Paleontology at The College of Wooster (click to expand) Paleontology is the study of ancient organisms, and Invertebrate Paleontology is the study of ancient invertebrates, typically defined as any organisms without backbones, excluding plants and all those bacteria. The study of invertebrate fossils has been a strong component of the Wooster geology curriculum since its beginning. The first paleontologist on Wooster's faculty was Richard Liebe, who taught at Wooster from 1961 through 1967. Dr. Liebe's specialty was the systematics and biostratigraphy of conodonts. Richard Osgood was the faculty paleontologist at Wooster from 1967 until his death in 1981. He achieved international recognition for his pioneering work on invertebrate trace fossils, particularly those in the Lower and Middle Paleozoic. Since 1981 Wooster's paleontologist has been Mark Wilson, who specializes in the evolution and paleoecology of hard substrate faunas, with additional interests in early carbonate diagenesis and Pleistocene sea-level dynamics. The Invertebrate Paleontology and History of Life course webpages are also online. Click here for a frames web tour of

38. The College Of Wooster: Department Of Geology - Mark A. Wilson has been with carbonate hardgrounds (ancient cemented seafloors While exploring thesefossil reefs on San several issues related to the paleontology of calcite http://www.wooster.edu/geology/MWilson.html

Mark A. Wilson Professor of Geology (B.A., The College of Wooster; Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley) Professor Wilson catching up on the news atop Angel's Landing, Zion National Park, Utah. (click to expand) Courses Taught: History of Life Invertebrate Paleontology Special Topics: Creationism Independent Study ... (click to expand) Research Interests The core of my research is the evolutionary paleoecology of marine encrusting and boring faunas, with related work on the systematics and evolution of encrusting bryozoans, foraminiferans and brachiopods, and the development and early diagenesis of marine carbonate rocks. (Please see my complete C.V. for more information.) My most productive line of work has been with carbonate hardgrounds (ancient cemented seafloors) and the organisms which inhabited them through the Phanerozoic. It is this interest which attracted me to the Eemian coral reefs in the Bahamas. While exploring these fossil reefs on San Salvador Island in 1992, my colleagues and I discovered an erosion surface formed during a sea level fall and rise about 125,000 years ago. This surface is unusual because of the stable tectonic setting and its well-constrained dating by Al Curran and Brian White of Smith College. Initial work on this sea-level event has been published (White et al., 1998; Wilson et al., 1998), and more work remains to be done. I am excited about this research because it connects my paleontological and sedimentological interests with paleoclimatology, and it is ideal for involving undergraduate students.

39. Colgate Geology Courses 315 Invertebrate paleontology and Paleoecology. conduct research to determine whyreefs are sensitive environmental indicators, how ancient reefs yield clues http://departments.colgate.edu/geology/courses/

Course Offerings (click on course name for description) 101 Environmental Geology Planet Earth 115 Evolution: Dinosaurs to Darwin 135 Introduction to Oceanography ... W. Peck How do geologic processes and events directly influence human societies? How have humans changed the earth? Fundamental geologic concepts such as plate tectonics, geologic time, and surficial processes are used as a basis for understanding a variety of natural geologic hazards including earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, floods, and coastal erosion. Real-world examples of the interplay between human activities and the environment include soil and groundwater contamination, mineral and energy resource development, and threats to the earth's biodiversity. Also, the course takes a closer look at the geologic record of global change and the debate over global warming. This course is an interdisciplinary approach to environmental geosciences. Three lectures per week and a weekly field experience. Return to Course List 105 Megageology - Origin and Evolution of the Planet Earth A. Goldstein

40. Professor Constance Soja of life; evolution; paleontology; reefs; Darwin Science and earth history Researchpaleontology Sedimentology of should be cloned from ancient DNA to http://departments.colgate.edu/geology/faculty/soja.html

Constance M. Soja Professor of Geology Ph.D. University of Oregon Teaching Specialties: History of life evolution paleontology reefs ... The Sixth Extinction ; tectonics and earth history Research: dinosaur eggs Distinctions: Several NSF grants; Colgate Picker fellowship; Smith College faculty awards; Pew grants; GSA and numerous other awards and grants; Trustee: Paleontological Research Institution (Ithaca, NY) Recent Publications: (*indicates student author) Soja, C.M., and Huerta, D. 2001. Debating whether dinosaurs should be "cloned" from ancient DNA to promote cooperative learning in an introductory evolution course. Journal of Geoscience Education, 49:43-49. Soja, C.M., White, B., Antoshkina, A., Joyce, S.,* Mayhew, L.,* Flynn, B.,* and Gleason, A.* 2000. Development and decline of a Silurian stromatolite reef complex, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Palaios, 15:273-292. Soja, C.M. 1999. Using an experiment in burial taphonomy to delve into the fossil record. Journal of Geoscience Education, 47:31-38. Soja, C.M., and Antoshkina, A.I. 1998. Reply to a Comment on 'Coeval development of Silurian stromatolite reefs in Alaska and the Ural Mountains: implications for paleogeography of the Alexander terrane'. Geology, 26:383-384.

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