41. Nearctica - Family - Cool - Fossils A marvelous web site dealing with the ancient ocean life if you are interested ineither sharks or paleontology. of organisms that lived on reefs during the http://www.nearctica.com/family/cool/cfossil.htm

Cool Sites Fossils Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations University of California at Berkeley Museum of Paleontology . The monster site for paleontology. This is definitely the first place to go to find about about the fossil history, biology, and systematics of plants and animals through geological time. We very highly recommend this site to everyone. Historical Geology Online Laboratory Manual . Pamela Gore. This is truly a great site. This online manual of historical geology covers many important topics. For example you will find sections on rocks and minerals, sedimentary rocks, relative dating and stratigraphy, invertebrate and microfossils, evolution, vertebrate evolution, and much more. Each section also has a series of laboratory exercises to go along with the explanatory material and illustrations. A wonderfully informative site and we highly recommend it. The Fossil Hunter . Mike Perona. A great place to visit if you collect fossils or want to. You'll find a list of fossil collecting locations throughout the United States and Canada, safety tips for collecting, and a list of the laws, rules, and regulations that you must understand if you want to collect legally.

42. EPA > Water > Wetlands, Oceans, & Watersheds > Oceans, Coasts, And Estuaries > H Jurassic Reef Park Information on ancient coral reefs from the Institutefor paleontology and Historical Geology, Munich, Germany. http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral/links.html

Habitat Protection Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Water Habitat Protection Coral Reefs ... for Children, Students and Teachers Coral Reef Links Photo by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The inclusion of a link on this page does not constitute an endorsement by EPA of any organization's policies or activities, or of any item for sale. EPA makes no guarentees regarding information, data or links contained on non-EPA web sites. Please note that many of the following links will transport you off the EPA server. International Initiatives U.S. Federal Agencies General Coral Reef Information For Kids and Teachers ... Non-governmental Organizations International Initiatives International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) International Coral Reef Initiative International Coral Reef Initiative Chronology Links to numerous ICRI documents. Hosted by NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program International Coral Reef Inititative Overview from NOAA's National Ocean Service in Review, Fall 1994 International Year of the Ocean International Year of the Ocean National Atmospheric and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Conference Gathering of U.S. ocean policy makers and representatives of academia, environmental groups, business and industry, and local, state and federal government in celebration of the Year of the Ocean. Monterey, California, June 11 and 12, 1998.

43. PALEONTOLOGY Levin, HJ, 1999. ancient Invertebrates and Their Living Relatives. PaleontologyThe Record of Life. John Wiley Sons. LAB Corals and reefs p. 96110. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/geo3xx/308/syllabus.html

Geosciences 308 PALEONTOLOGY Syllabus Karl W. Flessa Gould-Simpson Rm 309 kflessa@geo.arizona.edu GEOS 308/EEB 308 Fall, 2001 Office hours: TuTh 1-2 or by appt (from Larry Gonick's Cartoon History of the Universe, Vol. 1. The Evolution of Everything. Ripoff Press) Why learn about fossils? Some more-or-less practical reasons: (1) Fossils can reveal when, and how fast, organisms appeared, evolved, and became extinct; (2) Fossils are reliable indicators of the age of sedimentary rocks; and (3) Fossils are indicators of past environments. Non-practical reasons include the pleasure of discovery, reconstructing the life of the past, and being able to critique the entire Jurassic Park series. The lecture part of this course will cover the principles of paleontology, the basic morphology and geological significance of important fossil groups, the use of fossils in dating and in deciphering ancient environments, and the major features of evolution as seen in the fossil record. The laboratory part of the course will illustrate the concepts discussed in lecture, introduce you to important groups of fossils, provide field experience in collecting and analyzing fossils, and develop research and writing skills.

44. Reitner, Joachim chemical view of the most ancient metazoa – biomarker sponges in oyster patsch reefs(Lower Kimmeridgian of western Washington. Journal of paleontology, 74 (6 http://www.imgp.gwdg.de/Mitarbeiter/jreitne/CV.html

Abteilung Geobiologie Leitung: Prof. Dr. Joachim Reitner Prof. Dr. Joachim Reitner Geobiology/Paleontology Faculty of Geosciences Phone: +49-(0)551-39-7950 Facsimile: +49-(0)551-39-7918 email: jreitne@gwdg.de Born May 6, 1952 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria/Germany Scientific curriculum vitae Research concept Geobiology Awards Scientific carreer Current funded projects Planned projects JR and Lophelia pertusa Vaceletia ospreyensis Living Biofilms Publications Back to the homepage Scientific Curriculum Vitae 1980 Diploma Title of Diploma/Master-Thesis: Fazies, Bau und Stratigraphie der Riffkalkzone (Mittel-Oberalb) im Raum Araya-Alsasua (Provinz Alava/Navarra, Nordspanien) und ein Vergleich mit dem Caniego-Riffkalk (Oberalb) bei Villasana de Mena (Provinz Burgos, Nordspanien) 1984 "Promotion Dr. rer. nat." PhD-Thesis: 1991 Habilitation – venia legendi Habilitation Thesis: "Coralline Spongien" Der Versuch einer phylogenetisch-taxonomischen Analyse The ahermatypic scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa produces under stress a protein-rich mucus which plays a significant role during calcification of the coral epitheca. (Sula Ridge Lophelia reefs in 300 m water depth, Norway). Scientific career Awards Guest Professor for Paleontology, Univ. Paris XI in Orsay (France)

45. Roth On Reefs The role of framework in modern reefs and its application to ancient Stanley, GD,ed., The history and sedimentology of ancient reef systems paleontology 39, pp http://www.geocities.com/earthhistory/roth.htm

Fossil Reefs, Flood Geology, and Recent Creation Last edited: In his article Fossil Reefs and Time (1995), Young-Earther and biologist Ariel Roth argues that there are " alternative interpretations " of fossil reefs " that do not require long ages ," i.e. do not require the planet earth to be older than about 10,000 years. Roth offers three options for interpreting putative fossil reefs within the context of a young-earth flood geology framework. First, particular fossil reefs may not be reefs or bioaccretionary structures at all, but rather current-formed buildups of transported debris ('allochthonous reefs'). For instance, Roth suggests that the Capitan reef complex and the structures referred to as 'mud-mounds' (Monty et al., 1995) may be interpreted as allochthonous sedimentary structures formed during the flood. Second, particular fossil reefs may in fact be genuine 'autochthonous reefs,' formed by slow biological activity, that have been transported from the site of growth and are therefore allochthonous with respect to the underlying stratum. A third option suggests that some reefs are autochthonous accumulations and in place with respect to the underlying rock, and formed during the period between the creation and the flood. This could only apply to fossil reefs overlying a Precambrian substrate, and requires reef accretion rates more than 10 times faster than those of the fastest-growing modern reefs. The Devonian reef complex of the Canning basin, west Australia is considered a possible preflood reef, for example. These three interpretations are considered for the cases of the Capitan reef, carbonate mud mounds, and the Devonian reef complex of the Canning basin.

46. Biggest Ever U.S. Fish Study Aids Florida Conservation Worldwide, the ancient, slowgrowing reefs have been imperiled by But coral reefsalso are probably the first ecosystems to C. Archaeology and paleontology. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/07/0730_020730_fishcensus.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story Wires E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Biggest Ever U.S. Fish Study Aids Florida Conservation Dahleen Glanton Chicago Tribune July 30, 2002 In the most ambitious study of marine life ever undertaken in the United States, scientists spent a month recently counting the fish in the Florida Keys, from the waters south of Miami to the coral forests beyond Key West. As Florida's human population soared to more than 16 million in recent decades, the once abundant stock of snappers, groupers, and grunts has significantly declined because of recreational and commercial fishing. Researchers say that 70 percent of all fish species have been overharvested, and the average size of the grouper, a huge fish, is 10 percent smaller. Bluestriped grunts swim through the Florida Keys, where a major scientific census of the region's fish has been done as part of marine conservation and restoration efforts. Photograph by Brandon D. Cole/CORBIS "Liquid Planet" airs every Wednesday during National Geographic Today

47. New Scientist Web Links and others to study the movement of ancient seas, glaciation on the rocky road tomodern paleontology and biology. This virtual trip to the coral reefs of the http://www.newscientist.com/weblinks/categories/palaeontology4.jsp

48. Rena Bonem reefs implications for recognition of ancient storm deposits Sedimentologic developmentof lagoonal patch reefs Advances in of paleontology, v. 56, p. 136274. http://www.baylor.edu/~Geology/bonem.html

Dr. Rena M. Bonem email to: Rena_Bonem@baylor.edu B.S., New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology M.S., New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Ph.D., University of Oklahoma. Dr. Bonem is a Professor of Paleontology and Marine Geology. She has taken specialty courses in the following areas: 1. Oceanography, NSF (UCSD, USD, Scripps), 1991 2. Underwater Archaeology, National Park Service, 1991 3. Coral Reef Management Workshop, NOAA, 1988 4. Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera, 1981 5. Living and Fossil Sponges Short Course, Univ. Miami, 1979 6. Underwater Educational Symposium, Univ. Michigan, 1979 7. Biology and Geology of Modern Reefs: OTS, Jamaica, 1974 8. Tropical Marine Environments: University of Miami, 1972 Teaching Experience: Dr. Bonem began teaching at Baylor in 1981, following four years at Hope College in Holland, Michigan, and two years at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth. She has served as a consultant for Supron on Cretaceous carbonate depositional environments, on modern reefs for the Amoco exhibit at the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry and on nutrient flux for Epcot's Living Seas Exhibit. Research: Her research interests include paleoecology, invertebrate paleontology, and modern carbonate environments with an emphasis on reef development and soft substrate adaptation. Her students have completed theses on paleoecology ranging from Cambrian to Recent strata. In addition to local theses emphasizing Cretaceous and Pennsylvanian paleoecology, Dr. Bonem has directed several theses on modern carbonates in Jamaica.

49. Listings Of The World Science Earth Sciences Paleontology http//www.eos.ubc.ca/people/faculty/smith_p.html Added Nov-27-02; Stanley, G.Post Review paleontology of modern and ancient reefs, University of Montana. http://listingsworld.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Paleontologists/Inv

50. Oberlin Course Catalog--Geology GEOL 212) OR Groundwater Hydrogeology (GEOL 242) EITHER paleontology (GEOL 320)OR of years), using modern models to understand how ancient reefs formed and http://www.oberlin.edu/catalog/college/geology.html

In this Department General Interest Courses Introductory Courses Intermediate and Advanced Independent Work Catalog Main Page General Information College of Arts and Sciences Conservatory of Music ... Double-Degree Program Other Links Course Syllabi Registrar's Office Office/Departmental Directory Arts and Sciences Main Page Geology Advanced Placement Students may count advanced placement credit earned in sciences such as AP biology, calculus, chemistry, or physics toward a geology major. Students seeking advanced placement for secondary-school courses in geology need to pass a placement examination administered by the department. Course Sequence Suggestions A substantial number of non-majors also enroll in upper-level geology courses. Students can enroll in any of the 200-level classes after taking GEOL 120 (Introduction to Earth Science), or if they have already taken either GEOL 160 (Physical Geology) or GEOL 162 (Environmental Geology). In order to enroll in 300-level geology courses, students must complete at least one of the 200-level courses. Students can progress from any of the 200 level courses into any of the 300-level courses with the exception of GEOL 361 (Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology) which has the specific prerequisite of GEOL 201 (Mineralogy).

51. Directory :: Look.com Stanley, G. paleontology of modern and ancient reefs, University of Montana.Stock, CW paleontology of stromatoporoids, University of Alabama. http://www.look.com/searchroute/directorysearch.asp?p=378915

52. Geology 315 Ecological Services Exposé (ESE) *(see below). I. INTRODUCTION TO paleontology,Reading. 10, W, Communities II ancient v. modern reefs, Ch. http://classes.colgate.edu/csoja/geol315/315fsched.htm

Geology 315 Lectures, Exams, Student Presentations and Reading Assignments Textbook: Prothero, D.R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life. + Additional Readings (see below) + "Ecological Services" Exposé (ESE) (see below) I. INTRODUCTION TO PALEONTOLOGY Reading Aug 27 M Course introduction Preface W Understanding the fossil record vii-viii; Ch. 1, Art. 1 F Ch. 2-4; H/w Sept 3 M Invertebrate classification II Disc. of h/w II. MARINE ECOLOGY AND PALEOECOLOGY Sept 5 W Marine ecosystems and trophic relationships Ch. 8:117-134 F Fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators Art. 2 M Taphonomy and paleocommunities Ch. 1,8; Art. 3 III. ORIGIN OF LIFE Sept 12 W Precambrian biotas Art. 4-5 F Origin of metazoans Art. 6-7 M Annelids Art. 8 W Student Presentations click here for list of readings IV. CAMBRIAN BIOTAS Sept 21 F Arthropods I: trilobites Ch. 14 M Porifera: archaeocyaths and stromatoporoids Ch. 12 W Communities I: Burgess Shale fauna Ch. 1, Art. 9-10 F Burgess Shale (video) Sat Field Trip Required V. PROTISTS AND CNIDARIA Oct 1 M Microfossils I: single-celled organisms Ch. 11, Art. 11

53. Paleontology Homework Help, Carnegie Library Of Pittsburgh Resource Guide covered by a shallow, tropical sea, reefs flourished in paleontology Check here foradditional links. An exploration of the Burgess Shale, an ancient fossil bed http://www.carnegielibrary.org/subject/homework/paleo.html

Select Library Area: Article Search Ask a Librarian Branches Careers at CLP Computer Classes Directions Employment Genealogy/History Homework Help Hours Kids' Site Library Subject Guide Renew a Book Request a Book Search Subject Departments Support the Library Teens' Site Web Resource Guide Subject Search: Web Site Catalog Internet Search Database Search Events Search Resource Guide: ... Homework Help Paleontology Pittsburgh Region Pennsylvania United States International See also Dinosaurs and Archaeology/Anthropology Pittsburgh Region Carnegie Museum of Natural History: Research CMNH in Pittsburgh does research in the fields of paleobotany, vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology. See what is being done locally. The Bone collector A Pittsburgh Post Gazette article by Mackenzie Carpenter from March 19, 2000 about Mary Dawson, curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, and her work on rodent and rabbit fossils. Teeny-weeny monkey may be our oldest relative A Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article from Thursday, March 16, 2000, by Bob Batz Jr., about Eosimias, a mouse-sized monkey that lived 40 million to 45 million years ago in what is now China. Eosimias Research at CMNH Plant Fossils of West Virginia Plant fossils of the Pennsylvanian Period are showcased, collected from the Allegheny, Kanawha, New River, and Pocahontas Formations

54. GeoRef Subjects Covered magmas, lava, intrusions, inclusions ancient volcanology Related other fields Field06reefs and sedimentation Fields 08-11-paleontology Field 22 http://www.agiweb.org/georef/subject2.html

American Geological Institute GeoRef Subjects Covered 01-Mineralogy and Crystallography 01A-General mineralogy 01B-Mineralogy of silicates 01C-Mineralogy of non-silicates physical, optical, and chemical properties of naturally occurring inorganic minerals and related synthetic minerals, mineral crystallography, including crystal structure, determination of lattice parameters and unit cells, the bonding of atoms and molecules, crystal form and symmetry, collecting minerals, as well as non-mineral gems such as amber and jet 02-Geochemistry 02A-General geochemistry 02B-Hydrochemistry 02C-Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments 02D-Isotope geochemistry abundance of elements, organic materials, water, trace elements, isotopes, geochemical processes and properties, geochemical cycles, geochemical surveys analytical methods such as chemical, spectroscopic, thermal, and X-ray and electron microscopy instruments used for analysis Related topics in other fields: Field 05petrology, fluid inclusions, geologic thermometry and barometry, meteorites

55. American Geological Institute - Serving The Geosciences Since 1948 equilibria, magmas, lava, intrusions, inclusions, ancient volcanology Related otherfields Field 06reefs and sedimentation Fields 08-11-paleontology Field 22 http://www.agiweb.org/georef/about/subjects.html

AGI Home About AGI Contact Us Search ... AGI Home var newDefs = new Object; newDefs.timeout = 200; newDefs.pause = 100; flyDefs (newDefs); makeLayer ("georefleftmenu1", "About GeoRef=/georef/about/index.html", "Subjects Covered=/georef/about/subjects.html", "Priority Journals=/georef/about/journals.html"); Subjects Covered 01-Mineralogy and Crystallography 01A-General mineralogy 01B-Mineralogy of silicates 01C-Mineralogy of non-silicates physical, optical, and chemical properties of naturally occurring inorganic minerals and related synthetic minerals, mineral crystallography, including crystal structure, determination of lattice parameters and unit cells, the bonding of atoms and molecules, crystal form and symmetry, collecting minerals, as well as non-mineral gems such as amber and jet 02-Geochemistry 02A-General geochemistry 02B-Hydrochemistry 02C-Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments 02D-Isotope geochemistry abundance of elements, organic materials, water, trace elements, isotopes, geochemical processes and properties, geochemical cycles, geochemical surveys analytical methods such as chemical, spectroscopic, thermal, and X-ray and electron microscopy instruments used for analysis Related topics in other fields: Field 05petrology, fluid inclusions, geologic thermometry and barometry, meteorites

56. GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT Short collection of images of fossils collected from Rockaway Beach (Queens, NY), Staten Island, and Category Science Earth Sciences United States New York......paleontology AND BEACH FOSSILS OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT. Both recent and ancient examplescan be found on century fishermen reported that coral reefs existed in http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/fossil.html

PALEONTOLOGY AND BEACH FOSSILS OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT This web page is a short collection of images of fossils collected from Rockaway Beach (Queens, NY), Staten Island, and Sandy Hook (NJ). The conclusion that some of these items are actually of antiquity is purely subjective. Taphonomy Taphonomy is the study of how (and why) fossils are preserved. Modern geologic processes can take practically any bone or shell material and give it a "fossil" appearance. For instance, modern shells commonly become attached to iron debris (shipwrecks, bottle tops, etc.) as seawater reacts with the iron to form rust. In addition, shell accumulations in the highest tidal range are subjected to frequent wetting and drying by rain or highest tides. This infrequent wetting of shell material causes calcite and aragonite to dissolve and then precipitate as microcrystalline calcite cement upon drying. These processes that cement modern shell material are essentially the same processes that helped to preserve shells and organic remains as fossils in the geologic past. Several additional important geologic processes related to fossils should also be noted. First, vertebrate bones and teeth consist of porous apatite (a calcium phospate mineral). When exposed to seawater minerals precipitate within pores and ion substitution replaces some of the spaces within the aragonite mineral lattice. The net result is that bone material tends to become darker in color, harder, and more brittle with time (if it isn't eaten or dissolved in organic acids in the sediment first!).

57. Paleontology Curriculum- Paleontology Glossary paleontology Glossary. solitary) or in huge colonies that form coral reefs. Paleoenvironment– An ancient environment reconstructed by studying fossils and http://www.nps.gov/maca/learnhome/cur_p_glo.htm

Paleontology Glossary a b c d ... i j k l m n o ... w x y z (also check out our cave terms glossary Adaptations – Characteristics that give an organism a better chance of survival. Archaeologist – A scientist who studies remains of past cultures, both prehistoric and historic. Archaeology – Study of past cultures through material remains. Articulated – Joints still connected. Artifact – An object made and used by humans. Biped – Any two-footed animal. Bivalves – An animal (such as a clam) that has a two-valved shell where both valves are the same size and shape. Also called Pelecypods. Blastoids – A Mississippian fossil consisting of a ½- to 1-inch cup-like body that was attached at the base to a short stem. Each of these bodies were five-sided and had arms radiating from it. Usually only the fossilized bodies are seen today. Brachiopods – (Lampshells) These sea creatures have two shells (called valves). One valve is usually larger than the other. The top of one valve will curl over the top of the second. This gives them an “oil lamp” shape. Some shells are smooth while others have ridges and grooves that radiate out from the middle of the hinge. Brachiopods are common in rocks of Cambrian to Carboniferous age. Bryozoans – Aquatic, colonial animals with branching, mossy or fan-like growth. They resemble corals but have more complex nervous, muscular and digestive systems.

58. Graham A. Young email g_young@umanitoba.ca. Research interests paleontology, paleoecology,Paleozoic corals, coral growth and taphonomy, ancient reefs. http://www.umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/adjunct/gyoung.html

Graham A. Young (Adjunct Professor; Assistant Curator, Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature;; Ph.D. University of New Brunswick, 1988) e-mail : g_young@umanitoba.ca Research interests: Paleontology, paleoecology, Paleozoic corals, coral growth and taphonomy, ancient reefs. Student Research Programs available: Paleobiology, paleoecology, taphonomy, biostratigraphy, and biogeography of Paleozoic corals.. M.Sc. projects available. Paleoecology of Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian benthic marine systems. M.Sc. projects available. Back to Academic Staff

59. National Geographic Online: Site Index ancient World • Expedition ancient Egypt • Genghis Bald Eagles • Cuba reefs• Gelada Monkeys Exploration • Archaeology paleontology • Animals http://www.nationalgeographic.com/siteindex/

Home Site Index MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer More TV SUBJECTS: About National Adventure Animals Education History and Kids Maps and News Photography Science and Travel Shop Customer Service Complete Site Site Index Subscribe Shop Site Index About National Geographic Adventure and Expeditions Animals Archaeology and Paleontology ... Weather and Natural Forces About the National Geographic Society [Top] WHO WE ARE About the National Geographic Society Our History: Birth of the Society Press Releases EXPLORATION, EDUCATION, CONSERVATION Committee for Research and Exploration EarthPulse Conservation Partnership Education Web Site Expeditions Council ... National Geographic Bee EVENTS Exhibitions at Our Museum Concerts, Lectures, and Film Screenings OUR MEDIA Adventure Magazine Books CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs ... TV: National Geographic Channel CUSTOMER SERVICE Customer Service Index SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MAGAZINES Adventure Magazine National Geographic Explorer Classroom Magazine ... Magazine GETTING INVOLVED Donations Free E-Mail Newsletters Grants for Explorers Grants for Scientists ... Society Membership (U.S. $34)

60. PALEONTOLOGY AND FOSSILS RESOURCES PAGE HAS MOVED Offers extensive list of links about paleontology and fossils, library guides, and lists of books.Category Science Earth Sciences paleontology...... Association of Paleontological Suppliers; The ancient Ones; Dinosaur ProvincialPark; Dutch paleontology; Fossils in New Report on Jurassic reefs in Alabama; http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jmount/paleont.html

The PALEONTOLOGY AND FOSSILS RESOURCES Page has moved to: http://members.cox.net/jdmount/paleont.html Please change your Bookmarks and Links. Moved on March 21, 2003 Books about

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