21. Home Page Director of the National Refractory angina Centre, Mersey Regional CardiothoracicCentre, United Kingdom. Editorial Board. All pages copyright © angina.org. http://www.angina.org/

Home What is? Care pathway Patient centred model ... Editors Chronic Refractory Angina Edition V Editor-in-chief Dr. M.R.Chester. Director of the National Refractory Angina Centre, Mersey Regional Cardiothoracic Centre, United Kingdom This Web-book seeks to clarify the key issues relating to chronic refractory angina and its management. An expert group of academics, practicing physicians, health care managers, patients and allied professionals make up the editorial board and have contributed to the various chapters in the book. It is certain that a great deal of new data will emerge over the next few years and in order to avoid the inevitable problems of obsolescence in hard copy text books this Web-book is designed to continuously evolve in the light of new information. It is aimed primarily at primary secondary and tertiary care clinicians, nurses and allied professionals who are faced with difficult clinical decisions. In addition patients and their carers will find the patient-centred treatment guideline simple and straightforward and is designed to empower them to ensure that they and their clinicians goals are the same.

22. Artherosclerosis An article about atherosclerosis, what it is, angina and treatments of coronary artery disease. http://www.health4her.com/library/concerns/artheroclerosis.cfm

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23. Howstuffworks "Health Articles" Carl Bianco M.D. provides a 6part graphical in-depth look at heart disease, heart attacks and angina. Topics include atherosclerosis, hypertension, cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus and stress. http://www.howstuffworks.com/heart-attack.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Top Subjects Cell Phones Christmas Car Engines Home Networking ... Lock Picking Sponsored By: Explore Stuff Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices Orbitz - Plan a Trip! ... Forums - Share Your Thoughts! Health Articles The HowStuffWorks article you are looking for is no longer available. On February 1, 2003, the HowStuffWorks Health Channel was discontinued. But wait! You may be able to locate the information you're seeking in one of these HowStuffWorks categories: HomeStuff ScienceStuff PeopleStuff We apologize for any inconvenience, and hope you find something equally fascinating to learn about! Sincerely, The HowStuffWorks Team Home Store Newsletter Advertising ... Help

24. Vasomedical, Inc. Develops and markets noninvasive counterpulsation devices which treat cardiac patients suffering from angina pectoris, acute myocardial and cardiogenic shock. (Nasdaq VASO). http://www.vasomedical.com/

index index

25. Beta-Blockers - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center information page about this group of medications used to treat high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and angina. http://www.tmc.edu/thi/betameds.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; Heart Information Center Beta-Blockers (Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs) En español Commonly Used Brand Names in the United States: Betapace (sotalol), Blocadren (timolol), Cartrol (carteolol), Coreg (carvedilol), Corgard (nadolol), Inderal (propranolol), Inderal-LA (propranolol), Kerlone (betaxolol), Levatol (penbutolol), Lopressor (metoprolol), Normodyne (labetalol), Sectral (acebutolol), Tenormin (atenolol), Toprol-XL (metoprolol), Trandate (labetalol), Visken (pindolol), Zebeta (bisoprolol) Commonly Used Brand Names in Canada: Apo-Atenolol (atenolol), Apo-Metoprolol (metoprolol), Apo-Propranolol (propranolol), Apo-Timol (timolol), Betaloc (metoprolol), Blocadren (timolol), Corgard (nadolol), Inderal (propranolol), Lopressor (metoprolol), Monitan (acebutolol), Novo-Atenol (atenolol), Novometoprol (metoprolol), Novo-Pindol (pindolol), Novo-Timol (timolol), Sectral (acebutolol), Sotacor (sotalol), Tenormin (atenolol), Trandate (labetalol), Trasicor (oxprenolol), Visken (pindolol) The information in this section has been taken from a number of sources. It is meant to give you information about certain medicines, but it does not cover all of the possible uses, warnings, side effects, or interactions with other medicines and vitamin or herbal supplements. This page should not be used as medical advice for individual problems. Please talk to your doctor and/or your pharmacist for full prescription information.

26. Howstuffworks "Health Articles" A medical doctor provides an indepth look at the diagnosis of heart disease, heart attacks and angina, including X-rays and stress tests. http://www.howstuffworks.com/heart-diagnosis.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Top Subjects Cell Phones Christmas Car Engines Home Networking ... Lock Picking Sponsored By: Explore Stuff Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices Orbitz - Plan a Trip! ... Forums - Share Your Thoughts! Health Articles The HowStuffWorks article you are looking for is no longer available. On February 1, 2003, the HowStuffWorks Health Channel was discontinued. But wait! You may be able to locate the information you're seeking in one of these HowStuffWorks categories: HomeStuff ScienceStuff PeopleStuff We apologize for any inconvenience, and hope you find something equally fascinating to learn about! Sincerely, The HowStuffWorks Team Home Store Newsletter Advertising ... Help

27. Human Growth Hormone, Alternative Medicine, Anti Aging, Hormone Replacement Ther Hormone replacement determined by lab testing. Treatment of age related diseases. External counter pulsation units for patients who suffer from angina and other circulatory dysfunction. http://www.prolongyouth.com/

Achieving a healthy living involves using the proper vitamin supplements, proper exercising techniques and sound nutrition. Through these efforts it makes it possible for us to achieve longevity and peak performance. Dr. Ghaly specializes in the concept of anti aging as alternative medicine as well as helping patients with hormone replacement therapy and human growth hormone. ENTER WEBSITE Site Map

28. Cardizem - An Award-winning Newsletter For People Who Have High Blood Pressure O Newsletter on high blood pressure and angina available on subscription. Some sample articles available online. Cardisense provides helpful information on living a healthy lifestyle. http://www.cardizem.com

Subscribe to CardiSense About Cardizem About High Blood Pressure ... Prescribing Information is the responsibility of Biovail Pharmaceuticals, Inc. If you wish to report an adverse event or side effect, or have a question about Cardizem, please call one of our Medical Information Specialists toll-free at 1-866-276-1030, weekdays 9 am to 5 pm. To view the prescribing information , you need Adobe Acrobat Reader. Download now.

29. Your Health Angina Pectoris A look at this disorder and what it means, the pain and what may bring it on, and suggested lifestyle Category Health Conditions and Diseases angina Pectoris......YOUR HEALTH angina ( angina Pectoris ) For many people there are Oneof these warning signs is 'angina'. angina is the pain or http://www.crha-health.ab.ca/hlthconn/items/angina.htm

'Your Health' Home 'Your Health' Topics About This Site Dictionary ... Links YOUR HEALTH: Angina ("Angina Pectoris") For many people there are warning signs that the blood supply to the heart muscle is becoming poor. These warning signs can appear long before any permanent heart damage, a heart attack , occurs. One of these warning signs is 'angina'. Angina is the pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen from the blood to meet its needs. Like a heart attack, angina pain can involve the chest, neck, jaw, shoulders, arms and back, but it is relieved quickly by rest, or sometimes by medications such as nitroglycerine, and no permanent heart damage occurs. In addition, some people become aware that the blood supply to their heart is reduced because they begin to have shortness of breath or unusual tiredness when doing activities they used to find easy. At first, angina pain may only happen during times when the heart has to work harder. For example, during exercise, when out in cold weather or extreme heat, following a large meal or during periods of increased excitement or stress. As the blood flow through the 'coronary arteries' (the arteries that supply the needs of the heart - see diagram below) continues to decrease, however, angina may begin to occur at rest as well. Angina pain usually occurs as a result of gradual narrowing and hardening of the coronary arteries ( atherosclerosis ), but may also occur as a result of a blood clot, spasms in the arteries, rapid heart rate or irregularities in the heart beat (arrhythmias).

30. Amyl Nitrite Online Amyl Nitrite Description Amyl Nitrite - RxList Monographs with links to full prescribing information for this rapidly acting vasodilator indicated for the rapid relief of angina pectoris....... http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/amylnitrite.htm

Amyl Nitrite RxPulse Industry Update: Claritin OTC Switch HEADLINES Please, take our 1 second survey! MEN'S HEALTH ... WEIGHT LOSS DESCRIPTION Amyl nitrite is a rapidly acting vasodilator administered by inhalation. 0.35ml is supplied in a covered thin glass capsule which is easily crushed between the fingers. Amyl nitrite is a clear, yellowish liquid having a peculiar ethereal, fruity odor. It is volatile, even at low temperatures, and is flammable. This product is stabilized with Epoxol 9-5, 2 % w/v. The molecular formula of amyl nitrite is: (CH CHCH CH ONO For information on ordering Amyl Nitrite Online, please click the "online pharmacy" link on the blue horizontal navigation bar at the top of every page or click the "Get a Price Quote" Badge on the right side of pages like this one for a more direct route to a specific product. Finally you may click Order Online Here RxList only refers patients to online pharmacies certified by VIPPS, Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites , a program administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy which ensures that member pharmacies offering online prescription services are bona fide, fully licensed, and demonstrate "competent Internet/interstate pharmacy practices." This Page Last Revised 12/31/02

31. Angina [Jun 1997; 40-3] search. angina. angina. The seat of it and sense of strangling and anxiety withwhich is attended may make it not improperly be called angina pectoris. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band40/b40-3.html

Bandolier Bandolier Library search Angina Drawing the line TIBBS Outcomes Results ... Comparison with nitrates Angina "There is a disorder of the breast marked with a strong and peculiar symptoms considerable for the degree of danger belonging to it and not extremely rare of which I do not recollect any mention among medical authors. The seat of it and sense of strangling and anxiety with which is attended may make it not improperly be called Angina pectoris. Those who are afflicted with it, are seized, while they are walking, and more particularly when they walk soon after eating with a painful and most disagreeable sensation in the breast." So William Heberden, is some nice 18th century language, first described angina in 1768. Drawing the line Bandolier readers who ask about angina don't have problems diagnosing it, but they do ask about how best to treat it. Now there we have to draw the line. It simply is not possible to do that for a multitude of obvious reasons. What Bandolier TIBBS This refers to the Total Ischaemic Burden Bisoprolol Study [1], which was a multicentre trial comparing bisoprolol and nifedipine. It was randomised and double-blind (but perhaps not completely so). Patients were predominantly men with an average age of just under 60 years. Six hundred and thirty one patients with stable angina and exercise stress tests showing electrocardiogram changes went into a placebo pre-phase. They underwent 48 hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring. The 330 patients with two or more transient ischaemic episodes in 48 hours were randomised to either bisoprolol (4 weeks at 10 mg once daily, followed by 4 weeks of 20 mg once daily) or slow release nifedipine (4 weeks at 20 mg twice daily followed by 4 weeks at 40 mg twice daily). That is, for both treatments there was a low dose phase and a high dose phase.

32. PLC Medical Systems, Inc. The CO2 laser has proven to be an effective tool in the treatment of angina and chest pain. TMR is used as an adjunct to coronary bypass surgery. http://www.plcmed.com/home.stm

0) FW_Hit(sub.frames, tnam,tnum,dwn); obj=eval("fram["+i+"].window.FT_"+tnam); if(obj!=null) for(j=0;j 0) FW_Hit(sub,tnam,tnum,dwn); obj=eval("fram["+i+"].window.FT_"+tnam); if(obj!=null) for(j=0;j Caution: US Federal Law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician (or properly licensed practitioner). US Federal Law further restricts the use of this device to practitioners who have been trained i laser heart surgery including laser system calibration and operation. In clinical studies, the risk of perioperative mortality is higher in patients with unstable angina. Us of this device is restricted to patients who have signed a consent form to ensure that the risks associated with TMR have been fully explained and unterstood. PLC Reports Fourth Quarter Results and Hosts Investor Conference Call Washington Hospital Center Performs First TMR Surgery With PLC SYSTEMS' Next-Generation CO Heart Laser This site contains medical information that is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by a medical professional. Always consult a physician if you have health concerns.

33. EMedicine - Angina Pectoris : Article By Jamshid Alaeddini, MD Cardiologist offers a clinical overview of this condition that often leads to chest pain in patients Category Health Conditions and Diseases angina Pectoris......angina Pectoris angina pectoris is the result of myocardial ischemia causedby an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and oxygen demand. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic133.htm

document.write(''); (advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Cardiology Angina Pectoris Last Updated: July 10, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, chest pain, breast pang, coronarism, Heberden angina, Rougnon-Heberden disease, unstable angina, stenocardia, myocardial oxygen demand, Prinzmetal angina, atypical angina, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, syndrome X, silent ischemia, angina decubitus, left ventricular dysfunction, microvascular angina AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Jamshid Alaeddini, MD , Research Associate of Cardiac Non-Invasive Laboratories, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Weiler Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Coauthor(s): Behzad Alimohammadi, MD

34. Timolol.com - The Official Timolol Site Information Anakena Pharma Marketing about this medication prescribed for treatment of high blood pressure and prevention of angina, heart attacks, and migraine headaches. http://www.timolol.com/

timolol.com Timolol (tye' moe lole) Brand name(s): Blocadren; Timolide Why is this medication prescribed? Timolol is used to treat high blood pressure. It also is used to prevent angina (chest pain) and heart attacks. It works by relaxing your blood vessels so your heart doesn't have to pump as hard. Timolol also is used to prevent migraine headaches. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. How should this medicine be used? Timolol comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It usually is taken one or two times a day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take timolol exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Timolol helps control your condition but will not cure it. Continue to take timolol even if you feel well. Do not stop taking timolol without talking to your doctor. What special precautions should I follow?

35. Kardiologische Praxisklinik - Mannheim Informationen ¼ber angina pectoris, Kardiologie, Koronarangiografie, koronare Herzkrankheit, Herzinfarkt und Herzschrittmacher, sowie ein Klinikrundgang, Untersuchungen und ein Lexikon werden auf diesen Seiten angeboten. http://www.kardiologie-ma.de/

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36. 10. Unstable Angina Unstable angina Diagnosis and Management. Essential Definitions Related to Unstableangina; Executive Summary Purpose; Process of Guideline Development; http://www.medana.unibas.ch/eng/internt/angina.htm

Unstable Angina: Diagnosis and Management AHCPR guidelines abreviated by KAU 1/96 Table of Contents Abstract Panel Members What you should know at least ... Essential Definitions Related to Unstable Angina ... Figure 13: Patient flow: Hospital discharge and postdischarge care Return to Query Screen Return to HSTAT Home Page Select another AHCPR Guideline

37. ECG Timeline - History Of The Electrocardiogram 12lead ECG library, A brief history of electrocardiography from 1600 onwards. Find out how electrocuting chickens (1775), getting laboratory assistants to put their hands in buckets of saline (1887), taking the ECG of a horse and following it to the slaughterhouse (1909), induction of indiscriminate angina attacks (1931), and hypothermic dogs (1953) have helped to improve our understanding of the ECG as a clinical tool. And why is the ECG labelled PQRST (1895)? http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghist.html

library contents ECG axis ECG history ECGs by Example A (not so) brief history of electrocardiography. Find out how electrocuting chickens (1775), getting laboratory assistants to put their hands in buckets of saline (1887), taking the ECG of a horse and following it to the slaughterhouse (1909), induction of indiscriminate angina attacks (1931), and hypothermic dogs (1953) have helped to improve our understanding of the ECG as a clinical tool. And why is the ECG labelled PQRST (1895)? 17th and 18th Centuries The harnessing of electricity, observations of its effects on animal tissues and the discovery of 'animal electricity'. William Gilbert William Gilbert, Physician to Queen Elizabeth I, President of the Royal College of Physicians, and creator of the 'magnetic philosophy' introduces the term 'electrica' for objects (insulators) that hold static electricity. He derived the word from the Greek for amber (electra). It was known from ancient times that amber when rubbed could lift light materials. Gilbert added other examples such as sulphur and was describing what would later be known as 'static electricity' to distinguish it from the more noble magnetic force which he saw as part of a philosophy to destroy forever the prevailing Aristotlean view of matter. Gilbert W. De Magnete, magneticisique corporibus, et de magno magnete tellure. 1600

38. The Angina Pectoris Official Site The angina Pectoris official site http//theangina-pectoris.com/. http://www.the-angina-pectoris.com/

The Angina Pectoris official site http://the-angina-pectoris.com/

39. Kardovite Products, Heart Drops, Alternative Natural Herbal Medicine For Heart D Herbal products, heart drops, natural herbal medicine for heart disease that may help with clogged arteries, circulation, angina pain and cholesterol levels. http://www.kardovite.com/

ALL N atural Products was developed and is produced by H. (Sam) Ibrahim B. Sc. (Pharm.) Licensed Pharmacist Master Herbalist Campus Lecturer At Nutrition Plus Pharmacy Edmonton, Canada Highest Purity Quality Control ingredients For thousands of years, people have been using the products of the natural world to help them stay healthy. Herbal and supplement products are nature’s medicines. Thus by understanding and regularly using natures medicines, we can help our body to maintain its health in addition to managing health concerns as they arise. Kardovite is a herbal preparation that is useful in enhancing Cardiovascular health. Its ingredients (as shown on the label) are: Cayenne, Garlic, Hawthorn, Valerian, Milk Thistle, Ginkgo Biloba and Bilberry. Kardovite drops and capsules (new) are herbal preparations developed by H. (Sam) Ibrahim B. Sc. (Pharm.) These products are designed to improve your circulation and cardiovascular health. The active ingredients are traditionally used for: Dilating Coronary blood vessels

40. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 202, Coronary Artery Disease click here for navigation help. angina Pectoris. UNSTABLE angina (Acute CoronaryInsufficiency; Preinfarction angina; Crescendo angina; Intermediate Syndrome). http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter202/202c.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 16. Cardiovascular Disorders Chapter 202. Coronary Artery Disease Topics [General] Prevention Of Coronary Artery Disease Angina Pectoris Myocardial Infarction Angina Pectoris A clinical syndrome due to myocardial ischemia characterized by precordial discomfort or pressure, typically precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest or sublingual nitroglycerin. Etiology The cause is usually critical coronary artery obstruction due to atherosclerosis. Spasm (idiopathic or due to cocaine) or, rarely, a coronary embolism may be causative (see Myocardial Infarction, below). Disease other than atherosclerosis (eg, calcific aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis) can cause angina directly (by increasing cardiac work) or in combination with CAD. Pathology and Pathogenesis Usually, patients with long-standing angina are found at autopsy to have extensive coronary atherosclerosis and patchy myocardial fibrosis. There may be gross or microscopic evidence of old MI. Angina pectoris occurs when cardiac work and myocardial O demand exceed the ability of the coronary arteries to supply oxygenated blood. Heart rate, systolic tension or arterial pressure, and contractility are the major determinants of myocardial O

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