1. Arab Gateway: The Arabic Language An introduction to the arabic language, how to study it and common English words which find their roots in Arabic. http://www.al-bab.com/arab/language/lang.htm

ARAB gateway HOME PAGE SITE SEARCH Arab A to Z Art/architecture ... CONTACT US THE ARABIC LANGUAGE THIS PAGE: Introduction Is Arabic difficult? Arabic words in English Arabic proverbs RELATED PAGES: How to learn Arabic Where to learn Arabic Arabic words and the Roman alphabet Arabic literature ... Computer translation INTRODUCTION A RABIC ranks sixth in the world's league table of languages, with an estimated 186 million native speakers. As the language of the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, it is also widely used throughout the Muslim world. It belongs to the Semitic group of languages which also includes Hebrew and Amharic, the main language of Ethiopia. There are many Arabic dialects. Classical Arabic Modern Standard Arabic , is used in books, newspapers, on television and radio, in the mosques, and in conversation between educated Arabs from different countries (for example at international conferences). Local dialects vary, and a Moroccan might have difficulty understanding an Iraqi, even though they speak the same language.

2. Art Of Arabic Calligraphy Mamoun Sakkal discusses the arabic language, the origins and development of the script, and the Kufic and Cursive styles. Hosted by Sakkal Design. http://www.sakkal.com/ArtArabicCalligraphy.html

Part 1 of 4 articles The Art of Arabic Calligraphy The Language and The Script Mamoun Sakkal Arabic belongs to the group of Semitic alphabetical scripts in which mainly the consonants are represented in writing, while the markings of vowels (using diacritics) is optional. The earliest-known alphabet to mankind was the North Semitic, which developed around 1700 B.C. in Palestine and Syria. It consisted of 22 consonant letters. The Arabic, Hebrew, and Phoenician alphabets were based on this model. Then, around 1000 B.C., the Phoenician alphabet was itself used as a model by the Greeks, who added letters for vowels. Greek in turn became the model for Etruscan (c. 800 B.C.), whence came the letters of the ancient Roman alphabet, and ultimately all Western alphabets. The North Arabic script, which eventually prevailed and became the Arabic script of the Quran, relates most substantially and directly to the Nabatian script, which was derived from the Aramaic script. Old Aramaic, the language of Jesus and the Apostles, dates from the 2nd millennium B.C., and some dialects of which are still spoken by tiny groups in the Middle East. Arabic script still shares with Aramaic the names of the alphabet letters (Alef, Jeem, Dal, Zai, Sheen, etc.); similar graphic representation for phonetically similar letters (Sad and Dad, Ta and Tha, etc.); connections of letters in the same word and several forms of each letter depending on its location in the word, except for letters that cannot be connected to the letters which come after them (Alef, Dal, Raa, Waw). The Arabic alphabet contains 18 letter shapes, by adding one, two, or three dots to letters with similar phonetic characteristics a total of 28 letters is obtained. These contain three long vowels, while diacritics can be added to indicate short vowels.

3. Arabic Language Resources Read a brief history of the arabic language and learn useful Arabic words and phrases. Includes topicspecific vocabulary lists and links. http://coqui.metro.inter.edu/cecil/arabic.htm

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4. Arabic Program At Penn Read about the arabic language program at the University of Pennsylvania. Includes a link to audio Arabic lessons. Arabic Program at Penn. Copyright R. Allen, 1994 Let's Learn Arabic (Hypertext version). Arabic Audio Lessons Software for learning Arabic from a DOS machine is available for http://philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/arabic.html

Arabic Program at Penn About Roger Allen About the Arabic Program About courses and majoring in Arabic Let's Learn Arabic (Hypertext version) Arabic Audio Lessons Software for learning Arabic from a DOS machine is available for downloading via ccat.sas.upenn.edu 70. Look in CCAT's Software Archive RA SHOW

5. Welcome To SIAL Information about the school, courses, staffing and materials. Includes information on living in Sanaa for foreign students. http://www.sialyemen.com/

6. Study Abroad In Morocco At The Arabic Language Institute In Fez The arabic language Institute in Fez (ALIF) offers courses in Modern Standard Arabic and Colloquial Category Science Social Sciences Arabic Language Schools......The arabic language Institute in Fez (ALIF) offers courses in Modern StandardArabic and Colloquial Moroccan Arabic. Study Arabic in Morocco! http://www.alif-fes.com/

Study Arabic in Morocco! General information Course descriptions Current schedule Housing ... Other ALIF programs The Arabic Language Institute in Fez (ALIF) offers three and six-week courses in all levels of Modern Standard Arabic and Colloquial Moroccan Arabic throughout the year. ALIF also boasts an excellent reputation as the preeminent institution in the Maghreb for the teaching of Arabic as a foreign language. Housed in a large, shady villa, ALIF provides an ideal setting for studying in Morocco's "intellectual capital", and for exploring the historic medina of Fez, one of the world's few remaining medieval cities. ALIF's teachers are highly qualified native speakers with years of experience instructing both independent students and study abroad groups from major universities. Former students include translators, Fulbright, FLAS, NSEP, and SSRC grantees, company representatives, and graduate students from major universities in the US and Europe. ALIF resources include an extensive library collection focusing on Arabic linguistics, the Maghreb, and Islam. In addition to language courses, ALIF offers cultural tours, lectures, and classes on Maghrebi literature, media and Islam. Private courses in any number of subject areas can be arranged. The modest ALIF tuition, low cost of living in Morocco, and widely available discount air fares, also render ALIF a cost-effective alternative for the study of Arabic abroad or domestically.

7. Arabic Language A collection of useful words and phrases in Arabic.Category Science Social Sciences Afro-Asiatic Arabic...... arabic language. Ahlan wa sahlan! arabic language originated in Saudi Arabiain preIslamic times, and spread rapidly across the Middle East. http://cecilmarie.web.prw.net/arabworld/arabic/

Berber Imports: Fine Moroccan Imports Arabic Made Easy This program teaches the beginner general information about the Arabic culture, how to read and write classical Arabic, basic grammatical concepts of the Arabic language, and dialogue in the Egyptian dialect. Arabic Language Ahlan wa sahlan! Arabic is spoken by almost 200 million people in more than twenty two countries, from Morrocco to Iraq, and as far south as Somalia and the Sudan. As the language of Quran, the Holy book of Islam, it is thought as a first language in Muslim states throughout the world. Arabic language originated in Saudi Arabia in pre-Islamic times, and spread rapidly across the Middle East. The languages of northern India, Turkey, Iran, Portugal, and Spain are full of words of Arabic origin. Modern arabic varies a good deal from country to country, differing as much as, say Spanish and Portuguese. However, the classical written arabic has changed little over the centuries. Here is a compilation of useful phrases, expressions, and words that I learned from arabic friends all over the Middle East and from very interesting books. Most of the sounds of Arabic are similar to sounds found in many European languages.

8. The Ultimate Arabic Store Study abroad in Morocco at ALIF, which offers courses in modern standard Arabic and colloquial Moroccan Arabic. http://www.arabic.com/

Welcome to the Ultimate Arabic Store. Call Toll Free in the USA: 1-866-ARABIC9 (1-866-272-2429) Gifts Hanging Rugs with Religious Writtings Accessories Digital Quran ... Assorted Sweets / Pastries (Mix) Toll Free in the USA: 1-866-ARABIC9 (1-866-272-2429) Top Rated Yahoo! Store P O Box: 3236, Athens, GA 30612-1236 USA Tel: (706) 549-1812 - Fax: (706) 549-1405 sales@arabic.com Toll Free in the USA: 1-866-ARABIC9 (1-866-272-2429)

9. Welcome To The T A H R E E G . C O M, Egyptian Jokes, Nokat Egyptian Jokes in arabic language. http://jokes.masr.com

Check your POP3 e-mail Here POP Server: Username: Password: Type your e-mail Join the fun group Visitor # 412984 Posted by: shehab_mounir@hotmail.com Posted by: love_blue24@hotmail.com Posted by: shehab_mounir@hotmail.com Posted by: Bubblegum_30@Hotmail.com Posted by: Y. Greiss, California Posted by: Y. Greis, California Posted by: Abdo Kofta, California Submit your Noktah, we will check it and possibly publish it for you, thanks. Noktah should be in English letters ie Marra Wa7ed ra7 tanta rege3 mabsout Your Name: State or Country: E-mail: Your Nokta here: Shokran for your Noktah! last update on the March 2003.

10. UCLA Language Materials Gulf Arabic Language Profile Linguistic affiliation, language variation, orthography, linguistic sketch, and role in society and history of Gulf Arabic. http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/profiles/profg02.htm

Gulf Arabic Profile Alternate names: North Arabian Colloquial Arabic Number of speakers: 9 million Key dialects: Kuwaiti Arabic, Iraqi (Baghdad) Arabic Geographical center: Arabian Peninsula, Iraq Educational Resources: Few GENERAL INTRODUCTION Gulf Arabic, or North Arabian Colloquial Arabic, is widely spoken in the Arabic regions of Iraqfrom Baghdad south to the regions adjacent to the Persian Gulfand in the Arabian Peninsula. Other dialects of Arabic as well as other Semitic languages, not considered Arabic as such, but closely related though not mutually intelligible, are spoken in the southern part of the peninsula, especially in Yemen and Oman. Of the some 9 million people who speak variants of Gulf Arabic, upwards of 1.5 million live in Kuwait; the others are in Iraq (4 million), Saudi Arabia (2 million), United Arab Emirates (600,000), Iran (600,000), Bahrain (300,000), Qatar (160,000), and Oman (50,000). In Bahrain, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates, Gulf Arabic is the major vernacular. In some of these countries there is also significant numbers of immigrants: Farsi speakers in Bahrain and Qatar, and in the Emirates, immigrants speaking Egyptian Arabic, Baluchi, Farsi, Pushto, and Somali. Egyptian Arabic speakers actually outnumber indigenous Gulf Arabic speakers. In Saudi Arabia most inhabitants speak other but related dialects of Arabic, namely, West Arabian Colloquial Arabic and Najdi Arabic. In the southern peninsular countries of Oman and Yemen there are insignificant numbers of Gulf speakers; in both countries other related dialects of Arabic are used, as well as the related Semitic language, Modern South Arabian.

11. Fajr Center For Arabic Language A center in Egypt dedicated to teaching classical Arabic to foreigners.Category Science Social Sciences Arabic Language Schools...... http://www.fajr.com/

12. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST ARABIC LINKS The Arabic section of languages-on-the-web site. Offers links in various categories including language Category Science Social Sciences Afro-Asiatic Arabic...... In cooperation with CALES Center for arabic language Eastern Studies- we developed a study trip combining learning and traveling. http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-arabic.htm

language links ARABIC THE BEST LINKS GUARANTEE Unlike many other web sites related to languages, only serious and useful sites are listed here. If you know a really good site for learning this language do email us ALL LINKS Arabic link www.abdul.com/arabicl.htm Topsites www.topsites.cc/ Arabic Topsites Ranking. What's New, Business, Computing, Enternaiment, Islamic world, News and media, Arabic Search, Top 100 Sites Arabic2000.Com - Arabic Around the Web www.arabic2000.com/ Welcome To Arabic2000 Arabic on the WWW Ring www.geocities.com/RainForest/3285/ring.html Arabic WWW ring is a group of interconnected WWW pages designed using Arabic text. Aims at exchange of ideas, techniques and developing a concensus. The Arabic International Trading Guide www.cdimensions.com.au/ausleb/ Languages of Egypt www.sil.org/ethnologue/countries/Egyp.html Text-only page with links to sites about various Arabic dialects. www-personal.umich.edu/~andyf A large number of Arabic and Arabic linguistic links, information on font software, and Arabic teaching institutes. ONLINE BILINGUAL TEXTS NetNile (In Arabic Language) www.netnile.com/

13. Arabic2000.Com - Arabic Software, Arabic Lessons, Arabic Directory And Arabic In Arabic2000.Com is a comprehensive site offering resources about the arabic language including learning Category Science Social Sciences AfroAsiatic Arabic...... Com. We know your time is valuable, so let's start by taking a quicktour tour in Arabic What's New? Arabic2000's latest news. http://www.arabic2000.com/

Arabic2000.Com (last update: Jan. 11, 2003) What's New Learn Arabic (Arabic learning software, Arabic e-School) Services (web pages, ads, translation) Arabic Web Index (Best Arabic sites, category index) Search (Arabic or English) Where can I find ...? Help and FAQ Contact Us Arabic Text ... Learn Arabic Online! Thank you for visiting Arabic2000.Com . We know your time is valuable, so let's start by taking a quick tour [ tour in Arabic What's New : Arabic2000's latest news. Check the date on top left for latest news. [ details Learn Arabic Arabic teaching software (The Arabic Tutor 2.1 CD) and Arabic online learning (free and paid online Arabic lessons). [ details Services We offer web page design (HTML in Arabic, English or mixture of both). We also provide consulting, training and translation (Arabic-English-Arabic). Let us localize your website and help you reach larger audience for a fraction of the normal cost. [ details Arabic Web Index Most useful Arabic resources (Arabic newspapers online, Arabic internet directories and search engines .. etc). [

14. Arabic-in-cairo arabic language courses offered in Cairo, Egypt.Category Science Social Sciences Arabic Language Schools...... http://www.arabic-in-cairo.com/

15. News Resources : Arabic Language Front Page News resources arabic language. Search external sources here. AsharqAl Awsat Daily of Saudi Arabia. Free subsription, online registration. http://i-cias.com/news_arb.htm

Front Page News resources : Arabic language Search external sources here Asharq Al Awsat Daily of Saudi Arabia. Free subsription, online registration. Al-Itidal Daily of USA, but from Saudi publishers. Alayam Daily of Bahrain. As-Safir Daily of Lebanon. An-Nahar Daily of Lebanon. For subscribers only. Cartoons are free (!) Alanwar Daily of Lebanon. Needs Adobe Acrobat (link from their front page). Ad-Dustour Daily of Jordan. Al-Ittihad Daily of United Arab Emirates. Al-Ayyam Daily of Israel. Al-Quds Daily of Israel. Alhayat Daily of Great Britain. Needs Adobe Acrobat Reader. Al-Rayah Daily of Qatar. Needs extra font: Arabic Transparent. Arab Net Daily of Australia. Quds Press Service Weekly of UK. Al-Moustaqbal Weekly of Canada. Al-Miraat Weekly of Canada. Libanorama Weekly of Canada. Shihan Weekly of Jordan. Al-Hadath Weekly of Jordan. Alsirat Almustqeem Monthly of USA. [an error occurred while processing this directive]

16. Yamada Language Center: Arabic Fonts Ornamental Arabic font for Macintosh.Category Computers Software Fonts Arabic......Arabic Fonts. FAQ Font Index arabic language Guide Guide index Yamadahome pge Ornamental Arabic A simple, bitmapped, Arabic, 24 point font. http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/arabic.html

Can't find it? Arabic Fonts FAQ Font Index Arabic language Guide Guide index ... Yamada home pge Ornamental Arabic A simple, bitmapped, Arabic, 24 point font. Download Ornamental Arabic (9 k) For Macintosh More Fonts ... Luc Devroye page of Arabic fonts. Try this link if you are looking for more arabic fonts! Additional font resouces - Not finding what you need? Try this list of other font sites. Problems Downloading or Installing Fonts ... Can't download fonts? - Don't panic. Here's what to do! Keep trying! If you get a strange error message or are prompted for a password it means our server is probably busy. Click the link several times before giving up, and try back again later if that doesn't work. Request fonts via Email fonts will be sent to you automatically as an email attachment. Installing Fonts Windows Font Help - Tips and links to information to help you get your Windows fonts installed and working. Macintosh Font Help - Information about installing fonts on your Mac.

17. ARABIC LANGUAGE AT PENN arabic language AT PENN. BACKGROUND At this stage it is normal for the undergraduatesegment of the arabic language program to come to an end. http://philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/ArabicProgram.html

ARABIC LANGUAGE AT PENN BACKGROUND: Arabic teaching at Penn began in 1788. For most of the last two centuries, primary emphasis in the language component of the program has been on the acquisition of an advanced reading skill within the context of a traditional of the study of the Orient in the ancient and medieval periods built on the principles of philology. The study of Arabic as a living language at Penn is of much more recent vintage. While institutions such as Georgetown and Michigan followed national trends in that direction during the 1950s, it was not until the foundation of a Middle east Center at Penn in the mid- 1960s that steps began to be taken to change the emphasis of the Arabic language program. More recently, Penn's pioneer role in the implementation of proficiency-based instruction and testing has made its Arabic program one of the most prominent Arabic programs in the country. Even with the shift to the study of Arabic as a modern language, most institutions have continued to lay the greatest stress in courses in non-Western languages on the acquisition of the reading skill. It is the recent emergence of "proficiency" as a national trend which has focused a great deal of attention on the oral-aural skills and has also served to re-emphasize the acquisitional benefits of the inter-relationships between the four skills. For this reason, the Arabic program at Penn now adopts a four- skills approach to the teaching of all basic-level language courses. All students are expected to be able to function adequately within all four skills. Allowance is however made for students to indicate their own emphases or to compensate for their weaknesses in that, in the evaluation process, poor competence in one skill can be counterbalanced by better competence in another.

18. Subject Guides arabic language Resources Dictionaries and encyclopedias Language and literature Reference resources for literatureprint Browse the stacks arabic language Resources.  .  . Contents.   http://www.middlebury.edu/~lib/arabic.html

Subject guides Middlebury College Library Ask a librarian Arabic Language Resources Contents Dictionaries and encyclopedias Language and literature Article indexes Country information (Maps, economic statistics, etc.) ... General language sources at WWW sites Dictionaries and encyclopedias Dictionaries print Collection of Arabic dictionaries, with links to online grammars Encyclopedias print return to top Language and literature Reference resources for literature print Browse the stacks MIDCAT (Middlebury online catalog): This source will provide information on the book and serial collection at Middlebury College, and will also link you to information at other locations both on and off campus. Electronic texts (e-texts) Electronic text center: Early Islam Audio and video recordings Sunderland video collection Audio and video recordings featuring Arabic language data are located in the Sunderland Media Center. Language tapes are available for use at the Center. Some access points for Arabic language videos include: arabic language films Music Library through Myriad (Middlebury online catalog). Audio and video recordings featuring music and dance are located in the Music Library in the Center for the Arts. Some access points for Arabic language music include:

19. Arabic arabic language. Products Introduction Writing Sample Translation Sound Samples http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Arabic.htm

view this site in Home Help Contact Us Privacy ... Checkout Dictionary ESL-English as Second Language Games Handheld Dictionary Keyboards Kids Movies/Videos Spell Checking Translation Tutorial - Learning More... Arabic Language Products Introduction Writing Sample Translation Sound Samples Send this page to a friend! Products Art Bible Children's Books ClipArt ... Writing Skills Introduction Arabic is one of the world's major languages, spoken in a broad belt extending from the Arabian Peninsula across the Fertile Crescent and on to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the official language of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, making it the mother tongue of about 215 million people. In addition many millions of Moslems in other countries have some knowledge of Arabic, it being the language of the Moslem religion and of the sacred Koran. in 1974 Arabic was made the sixth official language of the United Nations. Great languages spring from great empires, and Arabic is no exception. A Semitic language closely related to Hebrew, its use was confined to the Arabian Peninsula until the 7th century A.D. But the spectacular Islamic conquests of that century carried the language far beyond its original borders, and it supplanted almost all the previous languages of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and North Africa. After further conquest in succeeding centuries Arabic was spoken as far east as Afghanistan and as far west as Spain.

20. Arabic Language Software And Arabic Products find language translation products for Arabic, along with other languages, at ARABICLANGUAGE.INFO http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.arabiclanguage.com/index.htm

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