21. Vertebrate Paleontology URL List Museum Chondrichthyes Transitional Vertebrate fossil FAQ USD Vertebrate PaleontologyAfter Pangaea ashfall fossil beds State Historical Park National http://www.usd.edu/esci/vp/url-list.html

List of Submitted VP URLs University of California at Berkeley Museum of Paleontology ElectronicPrehistoricShark Museum Chondrichthyes Transitional Vertebrate Fossil FAQ ... The Calcite Palace

22. PaleoZoo's Favorite Liniks - Maine-New York from the University of Nebraska State Museum about ashfall fossil beds Resources,or pay special attention to The Division of Vertebrate paleontology page and http://www.geobop.com/paleozoo/Links/States/2.htm

Paleo Zoo Home Partnered With Geobop's North America General Store Books: Home Prehistory/Fossils/Geology: Alabama-LA Maine-NY Ohio-Wyoming State Geological Surveys ... GO Translator this page Maine-New York B Maine Maryland Maryland Geological Survey This website features several articles about paleontology, including a look at Maryland’s official state fossil , the marine snail Ecphora gardnerae. This fossil can be found at Maryland’s most famous fossil site, the Calvert Cliffs , along with Miocene shark teeth Massachusetts Michigan Michigan Geological Survey Division Webpages focusing on prehistory include articles about Devonian Period fossils and Michigan’s official state stone, a Devonian coral known as the Petoskey Stone ; some great Devonian fossil illustrations ; and an article about the oldest known macrofossil (visible to the naked eye), a 2.1 billion-year-old souvenir of the past that was old news when Michigan’s Devonian fossils were alive! Minnesota Minnesota Geological Time Scale (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) Mississippi Missouri Montana Fossils of the Madison Limestone , Southwest Montana (marine invertebrates from the Mississippian Period, including crinoids) Nebraska Invertebrate Fossils Agate Fossil Beds National Monument is administered by the National Park Service R

23. Pale Notes Fall 2000 including ashfall fossil beds Park. http//wwwmuseum.unl.edu/research/vertpaleo/vertpaleo.html.Respectfully submitted by John Good. paleontology MEETING http://www.esconi.org/Paleo Notes Fall 2000.htm

E.S.C.O.N.I. PALEONTOLOGY STUDY GROUP MEETING Jeanine Milecki showed her fossils from Lone Star and Montone: She talked about how cystoids are never found with arms. She found geodes with brachiopods. She showed her conularia, an unusual rectangular fossil. She showed her Mazon Creek fossils from Braceville Jim Fairchild showed his Calymene Trilobite from the Blombereks Flagstone quarry in Joiliet. Bruce Galloway brought his bone found at the Lone Star Quarry in June. Michael Philips, a geology instructor at Illinois Valley Community in Oglesby has confirmed that the Galloways had found a legbone from a tetrapod (a four-legged animal that looks like a mud puppy) from the Pennsylvanian Age (286-320 million years ago). This was an unusual find as tetrapod amphibians are not normally found in underwater environments (See Web sites below) Barrett Galloway brought his pavement tooth of a shellcrusher shark embedded in limestone found September 4 at Illinois Cement Quarry. David Lizz talked about his trip to Canada. He visited the James Dick Quarry (Ordovician) and showed his Calymene trilobite. Chris Cozert showed some fossils from the St. Louis area, Warsaw formation, Middle Mississippian, with crinoids, edrioasteroids and blastoids (Pentremities). Also collected Crinoid Calyx from the Burlington formation, St. Louis County area. He showed fossils from Prairie Du Long creek in Illinois. He also found rare blastoids from Chattanooga, Tennessee.

24. Museums Museum Dinosaur Valley Museum — the Museum of Western Colorado's paleontology centerhttp//www.mwc.mus.co.us/dinosaurs. ashfall fossil beds State Historical http://www.esconi.org/Museums.htm

E.S.C.O.N.I. MUSEUMS AND MUSEUM LINKS Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois (312) 922-9410. Hours: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day except Xmas day and New Year's Day. Basic admission is $8 for adults, $4 for children ages 3-11, seniors and students with ID. Free Days: Mondays and Tuesdays, September-February. Special Exhibits: Chocolate, Underground Adventures, Sue, Tiniest Giants: Discovering Dinosaur Eggs. Elgin Public Museum 225 Grand Blvd, Elgin. (847) 741-6655 Lizzadro Museum of Lapidary Arts Burpee Museum of Natural History 737 North Main Street, Rockford, IL 61103 (815) 965-3433, burpeenh@aol.com , Open Tues-Sat, 10-5, Sun, 12-5, Open on Rockford School holiday Mondays, Admission: $4/adults, $3/children 3-17. Permanent exhibit, Mazon Creek, T-Rex Replica Schingoethe Center for Native American Studies Dunham Hall, 1400 Marseillaise Pl. Aurora, Il. Open Tuesdays through Fridays: 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. Open Sundays: 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. Closed Mondays, Saturdays and Aurora University Holidays.The Center is free to Aurora University students, staff, and faculty; to members of the Friends of the Schingoethe Center; and to members of the American Association of Museums. A donation is requested from others, suggested at: $3 for adults; $2 for students and seniors; $1 for children under 12; to a maximum of $7 per family. SciTech Hands-On-Museum 18 West Benton, Aurora IL 60506 Winter Hours - Monday (closed), Tuesday 12pm – 5pm, Wednesday 12pm – 5pm, Thursday 12pm – 8pm,Friday 12pm – 5pm,Saturday 10am – 5pm, Sunday 12pm - 5pm; General Admission, Adults (18-59 years) $6 each; Children (3-17 years) $5; Senior Citizens (60+) $5 each

25. Origin Of The Horse -- Ashfall: Life And Death At A Nebraska Waterhole Ten Milli Million Years Ago By Dr. Michael Voorhies, Curator of Vertebrate paleontology. being,excavated by museum crews working in the ashfall fossil beds in northern http://www.pbs.org/wildhorses/wh_origin/wh_article.html

Ashfall: Life and Death at a Nebraska Waterhole Ten Million Years Ago By Dr. Michael Voorhies, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology The ash bed also contains abundant additional clues to the vegetation and climate of the landscape in which the rhinos and other animals lived and died. It is truly a 'time capsule' presenting us with a picture of a vanished world unrivaled in detail and clarity. This article describes some of the highlights of the first two decades of exploration of the site. It also invites you, the reader, to experience a sense of discovery of Nebraska's deep past by visiting the locality, which is now open to the public five months each year. A New Park Nebraska's newest state park, Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park, opened its gates on June 1, 1991. Located 6 miles north of U.S. Highway 20 between Royal and Orchard, the park is a joint project of the University of Nebraska State Museum and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Two buildings have been constructed at the site: a Visitor Center featuring interpretive displays and a working fossil preparation laboratory and a Rhino Barn covering a portion of the fossil-bearing ash bed. Each summer paleontologists working in the Rhino Barn will continue to expose skeletons buried in the ash. The newly uncovered fossils are being left exactly as they are found. Specially constructed walkways afford visitors an unobstructed, close-up view of the paleontologists at work. When the entire 2000-square-foot area within the Rhino Barn has been excavated, plans call for extending the building to cover more of the fossil bed, only a small fraction of which is currently protected by a roof.

26. Kids Online Resources - Science, Physics University of Nebraska State Museum Division of Vertebrate paleontology Vertebratepaleontology, fossils, Nebraska, fossil Collecting, ashfall fossil beds. http://www.kidsolr.com/science/page16.html

Home Internet Safety Art/Music Geography ... Site Map Science: Paleontology Science Science Fair/Projects Agriculture Astronomy ... Physics n. The study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, as represented by the fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms. Age of Reptiles Mural - Reproduced from Rudolph Zallinger's famous dinosaur mural The Age of Reptiles, Ancient Life Found in Kansas Rocks - An Introduction to Common Kansas Fossils. Becoming Human - Paleoanthropology, Evolution and Human Origins. Billy Bear's Land O' Dinosaurs - Learn a bit about the dinosaur from Billy Bear. Play games, download puzzles and decorate your computer's desktop with dinosaurs. Birds and Dinosaurs - By Dr Paul Willis.

27. Lagerstatten - Paleontology And Geology Glossary If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary,please e ashfall fossil beds, Nebraska, United States, 10 million years old. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/Lagerstatten.shtml

Please help keep Enchanted Learning online. Click here for more information on our honor system. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal ZoomDinosaurs.com Dinosaur and Paleontology Dictionary A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail me and I'll add it. Lagerstatten Location Age of Deposits Ashfall Fossil Beds Nebraska, United States 10 million years old Auca Mahuevo Patagonia, Argentina 80 million years old Burgess Shale British Columbia, Canada 530 million years old Chengjiang Yunnan Province, China 525 million years old Ediacara Hills South Australia 700 million years old Green River Formation Wyoming and Colorado, USA 50 million years old Holzmaden 190 million years old Germany 370 million years old Mazon Creek Northeastern Illinois, USA 300 million years old Messel Oil Shale Hessen, Germany 49 million years old Rancho La Brea Southern California, United States

28. Listings Of The World Science Earth Sciences Paleontology html Added Nov-27-02; ashfall fossil beds State Historical http//www-museum.unl.edu/ashfall/- Added Nov Elberle Post Review Collecting fossil mammals from http://listingsworld.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Vertebrates/Mammals

29. Dino Guides Search Results ashfall fossil beds STATE HISTORICAL PARK PO Box 66 Royal , NE 68773 are on displayat the park's fossil House. in Texas provide a haven for paleontology buffs http://www.jpinstitute.com/dino_guides/search_park.jsp?terms=&state=

30. PALEONTOLOGY and More! DarwinL Web Server; ashfall fossil beds State Park; Societyof Vertebrate paleontology News Bulletin; ArchNet-Archaeology http://www.geocities.com/seismicweb/html/paleontology.htm

PALEONTOLOGY send your links A Brief Introduction to Taphonomy A World of Virtual Fossils Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology - Invertebrate Zoology ... Computational Paleontology - page is devoted to the use of mathematical models, simulation, computer graphics and computers in general in paleontology Dave's eocene fossils Didier Petry fossils Directory of Paleontologists of the World Dr. Ben's Ordovician Fossil Page ... Fossil Collectors mailing list - The place to share information relating to all aspects of fossil collecting preservation and curation Fossil Discovery Fossil Finds Fossil Hunter Fossil Identification and Paleontology ... Fossilwalks - Palaeontology and geology web ring Fosswap Pennsylvanian Fossils of Missouri Paleontology St. Louis Missouri Mississippian Fossils of Missouri ... History of Life on Earth (in russian) International Palaeontological Association Invertebrate Macrofossils Laboratory Invertebrate Paleontology Collection Taxonomic Coverage Invertebrate Paleontology Tutorial ... Paleobase - An illustrated, relational database of invertebrate fossils for education and research. Paleo Life Paleo Project (russian) Palaeoinformatics Paleolist - A discussion list for paleontologists, fossil collectors, and enthusiasts.

31. Nebraska Fossils Dakota and Northwestern Nebraska. Society of Vertebrate paleontology,1985. ashfall fossil beds, Geological Society of America, 1995. http://www.colossal-fossil-site.com/400-states/4/nebraska-2.htm

COLOSSAL-FOSSIL-SITE Click to ask questions, help others, and suggest non-commercial websites or "wat's happnin" events. Click the state name for state information, links, and locality ads. Links are added weekly and verified current around the 10th of each month. a Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas ... CFS Home a Nebraska Advertisements or announcements Your shop/club/business "Comment" Street City Area, e.g. 60 miles N of NYC hours/phone website/email Your shop/club/business "Comment" Street City Area, e.g. 60 miles N of NYC hours/phone website/email Your shop/club/business "Comment" Street City Area, e.g. 60 miles N of NYC hours/phone website/email Your shop/club/business "Comment"

32. ­÷¨ÅÃþ ; Vertebrate paleontology, University of ashfall fossil beds; Louisiana fossil PageInvertebrate fossils, Vertebrate fossils, Plant fossils, Geologic Time Scale http://www.moeacgs.gov.tw/CGSWeb/Education/Studio/Fossil/mammel.htm

¥xÆW¤]¦³¤Æ¥Û°O¿ý³á!! °Êª«¥ÍºA·§»¡ ¾ú¥v²W·½ http:// ¥xÆW¦è«n®ü©¤¥­­ìÀô¹ÒÅܾE¬ã¨s¥_´ä·Ë¦Ü¤G¤¯·Ë ¥ªÂí¤Hª« ³¯¬K¤ì Section of Vertebrate Paleontology Synapsids Tetrapods start ¥j­÷¨Åþ PALEONEUROLOGY Fossil Brain of Extinct animal skull »Å Faunmap Database mammal species ¬ã¨sªÌ: Dr Anne KEMP - Research Interests George C. Page Museum http://www.wf.carleton.ca/Museum/labrea/1.htm Hopper Virtual Museum, Cool Site! Mammalarium Hopper Virtual Museum, Vertebrate Paleontology, University of Nebraska State Museum Mammalia Fossils Burke Museum Miocene And Pliocene Vertebrate Fossils From New Mexico. Vertebrate Paleontology, University of Nebraska State Museum Ashfall: Life and Death at a Nebraska Waterhole Ten Million Years Ago Preserving Vertebrate Fossils: Notes From The Laboratory ... Louisiana Fossil Page Invertebrate Fossils, Vertebrate Fossils, Plant Fossils, Geologic Time Scale etc. The George C. Page Museum of La Brea Discoveries. A Member of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (**) La Brea Tar Pits Photo Tour.

33. Physical_science_links Butte National Monument Wyoming, ashfall fossil beds State Park Important localityfor fossil primates being Museum of paleontology University of California, http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/physical_science_links.htm

Physical Science Links Astronomy Dinosaurs Evolution Fossils ... Museums Astronomy Astronomy Department. University of Massachussetts Aboriginal Astronomy Lakota star knowedge. Amazing - must see! The Nine Planets Under The Western Sky Space and Astronomy for Kids Email About.com Guide Cynthia Phillips Dinosaur Pages Picture of new fossil discovery Presence of feathers in nonavian dinosaurs! Dinosaurs in New Mexico New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Dinosaur Reference Center Dinosauria On-Line Hadrosaurus foulkii West's Geology Directory This is great! Dino Russ' Lair Several good links through this site. Dinosaur Parks Big Bone Lick State Park Kentucky Fossil Butte National Monument Wyoming Ashfall Fossil Beds State Park Nebraska Dinosaur National Monument Dinosaur National Monument Bisti Wilderness Evolution What's the problem here? All the stories fit with the physical evidence. Harvard's Evolution Page Thorough The Origin of Species The complete text Systematics Tree of Life Diversity and unity of living organisms Journey into Cladistics Historical connections of evolution Fossils Fossils from the Burgess Shale.

34. Subject Index - Palaeontology And Earth Sciences University of Nebraska State Museum ashfall fossil beds State Historical Park, a Divisionof Invertebrate paleontology, containing about 7.5 million specimens http://sunsite.wits.ac.za/mus/pal.htm

Museums Feature Home Wits University museums South African museums Country index ... Site Map URL: sunsite.wits.ac.za/mus/pal.htm Last update: 12 Feb 2002 Site created and maintained by Andy Brown, CLTD Page design by Internet Services Comments to Andy Brown Subject index: Palaeontology and Earth Sciences Australia Macquarie University Earth Sciences Museum Canada University Mc Gill, Redpath Museum, the Paleontology Collection , consists of approximately 150,000 fossils including about 1,000 Type and Figured specimens. Quebec, Montreal. The Netherlands University of Utrecht, Geological Collection, in Dutch . Petography, Palaeontology and Stratigraphy. South Africa University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Bernard Price Institute Palaeontology Museum United Kingdom University of Birmingham, Lapworth Museum , Geology and fossils. University of Glasgow, Hunterian Museum, Fossil Collection and EARTH...LIFE Exhibition

35. DINO RUSS's LAIR - Other VP Exhibits of Nebraska State Museum Division of Vertebrate paleontology A very vertebrates,including lots of information about the ashfall fossil beds State Historical http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/dinos/other_vp_exhibits.html

Illinois State Geological Survey - Geoscience Education and Outreach Unit Other VP Exhibits King of the North 2001 Acrylic on stretched canvas. 30"x40". Joe Tucciarone and is used by his permission;. Permission to reproduce any image must be obtained by written request to Joe. Address requests to: INTERSTELL@aol.com The Provincial Museum of Alberta Natural History Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology . Information on The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology Program. Berkeley The Hall of Mammals WMNH - Fish and Amphibian Galleries - Fish and Amphibian Galleries. Florida Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate Paleontology Department INTERACTIVE SEA REPTILE DISPLAY Discovery.com has an online interactive exhibit of prehistoric sea reptiles for you to explore. This Flash plugin display depicts creatures that swam in the Cretaceous inland seas of North America 65 million years ago. This includes mosasaurs and pleisosaurs. Joe Tucciarone's Art Pages . Joe has some very excellent art, which he has graciously allowed me to display on some of my pages and as thumbnails on my main home page. Joe Tucciarone is an artist whose subjects range from distant galaxies to the long-vanished dinosaurs. Visit one of his prehistoric animal galleries where you'll see meat-eating reptiles plant-eating reptiles , and ancient mammals . He has some great online Check it out, Joe always has some great new art to check out if you have already visited or if not then I recommend you make a visit. Dino Russ 5-8-01

36. Education Planet Science And Engineering,Earth Sciences,Paleontology,Vertebrates 7. ashfall fossil beds, Museum Notes Series University of February 1992 ashfallLife and Death at a Voorhies, Curator of Vertebrate paleontology Hundreds of http://www.educationplanet.com/search/Science_and_Engineering/Earth_Sciences/Pal

Apr. 03, 2003 12:14 PST Search top educational sites, lessons, supplies and more! Membership Log In User Name: Password: Education Planet - TelCom Services Teachers - Receive a second year of Lesson Planet for FREE! ... by choosing our Smart Saver Long Distance Program Top Sites this Week Science: Middle School Physical Science Resource Center Math: Project Interactive Social Science: America at War - Time for Kids Language Arts: International Children's Digital Library Project: Stay Safe Online Lesson Plan: Ready.gov from the Department of Homeland Security Top Sites Archives Educational News Schools Seek to Reassure in Wartime Special Education May Get Overhaul Make-A-Wish Foundation Helps Sick Student Go to College privacy Found websites and other resources for ' mammals. Lesson Plans Books Software Maps ... Video Find 'mammals' books Supplies Online Courses Category matches for: ' mammals Home/Environment/Animals Mammals (Wildlife) (9) Home/Environment/Animals/Mammals (Wildlife) Prehistoric Mammals (1) Home/Environment/Animals/Marine Mammals Prehistoric Marine Mammals (5) Home/Environment/Animals/Marine Mammals Marine Mammals in Literature (4) Home/Environment/Animals Marine Mammals (22) Home/Environment/Animals/Zoology Mammals (11) Home/Environment/Animals/Endangered Species Mammals (26) Home/Environment/Animals/Zoology/Aquatic Life Marine Mammals (14) Home/Environment/Animals/Prehistoric Animals Prehistoric Mammals (1) Home/Science and Engineering/Earth Sciences/Paleontology/Vertebrates Mammals (8) Home Science and Engineering Earth Sciences ... Mammals Web Sites (1-8 of 8):

37. Education Planet Science And Engineering,Earth Sciences,Paleontology,Fossils,Fos ashfall fossil beds, Museum Notes Series University of Nebraska State February 1992ashfall Life and Death at Curator of Vertebrate paleontology Hundreds of http://www.educationplanet.com/search/Science_and_Engineering/Earth_Sciences/Pal

Apr. 03, 2003 12:14 PST Search top educational sites, lessons, supplies and more! Membership Log In User Name: Password: Education Planet - TelCom Services Teachers - Receive a second year of Lesson Planet for FREE! ... by choosing our Smart Saver Long Distance Program Top Sites this Week Science: Middle School Physical Science Resource Center Math: Project Interactive Social Science: America at War - Time for Kids Language Arts: International Children's Digital Library Project: Stay Safe Online Lesson Plan: Ready.gov from the Department of Homeland Security Top Sites Archives Educational News Schools Seek to Reassure in Wartime Special Education May Get Overhaul Make-A-Wish Foundation Helps Sick Student Go to College privacy Found websites and other resources for ' fossil. Web Sites Lesson Plans Books Software ... Maps Find 'fossil' books Video Supplies Online Courses Category matches for: ' fossil Home/Science and Engineering/Earth Sciences/Paleontology/Fossils Fossil Enthusiasts (10) Home Science and Engineering Earth Sciences ... Fossil Sponsored Links Fossil - Fossil Collectible Watches, Apparel

38. United States National Parks And Monuments paleontology in the National Parks, a Teacher's Guide http//www.aqd.nps.gov/grd/parks/joda/books.htm.State Parks Featuring fossils. ashfall State fossil beds/ http://members.tripod.com/paleoartisans/parks.html

United States National Parks and Monuments Featuring Paleontology *When you visit these parks and monuments, remember that it is VERY illegal to remove any fossils that you might find. Instead, please mark the location of the fossils, report your find to a park ranger, and leave them for park paleontologists to study.* Parks and Monuments Outside the U. S. paleoartisans@hotmail.com Please let us know of any parks we've forgotten! National Parks Teacher's Materials State Parks Featuring Fossils Fossil Collecting Websites A ... H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z United States National Park Service http://www.nps.gov/ U. S. National Parks Geology http://www2.nature.nps.gov/grd/ U. S. National Parks Paleontology http://www2.nature.nps.gov/grd/geology/paleo/index.htm Bureau of Land Management http://www.blm.gov U. S. D. A. National Forests http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/states/select_forest.shtml U. S. D. A. National Grasslands http://www.fs.fed.us/grasslands/ A Agate Fossil Beds National Monument; Harrison, Nebraska http://www.nps.gov/agfo/

39. Websurfers Biweekly Earth Science Review Park Geology Education Resources; NPS paleontology Program; Mapping the NationalParks; Park (New York City) Geology Project; ashfall fossil beds State Historical http://www.mindspring.com/~michaelg2/HOTLINKS_10.html

Websurfers Biweekly Earth Science Review: HOTLINKS Geology of Parks, Monuments, and Preserves Home Page Geology of Colorado Geology of the Front Range HOTLINKS Main Page ... Geoimages Page U.S. National Park Service (NPS) and other agencies: General Topics Park Geology: Tour of National Parks Search by Name Parks Geology: Information on the National Park Service's programs in geology and minerals management Park Geology Tour: Listings of Distinctive Geologic Features Park Geology Tour: River Systems ... Crumb Library Guide: National and State Parks Geology Individual U.S. National Parks, Monuments, and Preserves Geology of Yosemite National Park Roadside Geology of Yosemite Valley Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming): Geology Olympic National Park (Washington State) ... US Bureau of Land Management: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument State and Local Parks Snow Canyon (Utah) State Park: Geology City of Takoma (Maryland, USA) Park: Geology Cuyamaca Rancho State Park Geology Punderson State Park (Ohio) Nature Center Online - Nelson Ledges State Park Geology ... Idaho State Department of Parks and Recreation Parks of Other Countries Natural Properties on the World Heritage List National Parks Worldwide Los Glacieres National Park, Argentina

40. Vertebrate Fossils In Kentucky Museum; Vertebrate paleontology see famous Ash Fall site of Miocene vertebrates;The University of Nebraska State Museum's page; ashfall fossil beds State http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/webfossl/pages/vertes.htm

Vertebrates (or Craniata) include the well-known animals such as fish (Pisces), amphibians (Amphibia), reptiles (Reptilia), dinosaurs (Dinosauria, usually included in the Reptilia), birds (Aves, sometimes classed as feathered Reptiles or Dinosaurs), and mammals, including humans (Mammalia). Fossils of all these groups have been found in Kentucky except for the dinosaurs, which have the potential to be found in far western Kentucky, although none have been found to date. The common feature of vertebrate animals is that they have a spinal column and associated vertebrae. In some animals, like sharks, the vertebrae are composed of cartilage. In other animals, like mammals and reptiles, vertebrae are composed of bone. Bones can be fossilized; cartilage is generally not fossilized. Vertebrate fossils are rare in Kentucky. Most reported fossils that look like bones, claws, or teeth, are actually fossils of other types of animals or are pseudofossils. Pseudofossils are rocks that look like fossils, but are not fossils. If you think you have found a fossil bone, look at the Recognizing fossil bones section first. Look at the criteria for identifying fossil bones, and see if the fossil you have looks like the fossils shown to determine if it is actually a bone or not. If after comparing your fossil to the other fossils, it appears that your fossil may be a fossil bone, try to match it to the fossils shown below in Vertebrate fossils found in Kentucky. If you have found a fossil bone in Kentucky, please call the Kentucky Geological Survey (859) 257-5500, so that we can document and verify the find.

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