21. MapZones.com History bosnia and Herzegovina, history, Back to Top. The earliest known inhabitantsof what is now bosnia, traceable to the Neolithic period http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/bosnia_hercegovina/historyindex.php

Country Info Bosnia Introduction Bosnia General Data Bosnia Maps Bosnia Culture ... Bosnia Time and Date Bosnia and Herzegovina History Back to Top The earliest known inhabitants of what is now Bosnia, traceable to the Neolithic period, were the Illyrians, a people of Indo-European stock who are considered ancestors of the modern Albanians. By ad 9, when Rome crushed the last Illyrian resistance in present-day Bosnia, all of Illyria had become part of the Roman Empire. Rome’s most enduring legacy in Bosnia was the division between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian faiths along the border between the western and eastern Roman empires. That border, first drawn around 285, passed through Bosnia. As Roman power declined, successive waves of nomadic Goths, Alans, Huns, and Avars devastated the land before moving on. In the 6th century Slavic tribes, probably swept along with the Avars, settled in the area and soon absorbed the peoples, languages, and cultures that were already there. A second wave of Slavic tribes, called Serbs and Croats, arrived in the 7th century. The names Croat and Serb probably both derive from the name of an Iranian or Sarmatian tribe that ruled and was absorbed by them on the way. Bosnia was first mentioned by that name in a surviving document from 958. The area became a remote mountainous borderland between successive competing empires and kingdoms that subjugated or claimed all or parts of it during the early medieval period. Bosnia’s Slavs were generally Christian, either Roman Catholic or Orthodox.

22. Documents Relating To The History And Contemporary Events Of The Balkan States ( A Mount Holyoke resource.Category Society history By Region Europe bosnia and Herzegovina...... CHRIS HEDGES, bosnia Journal Ethnic Diversity Distorts history, Art, Language, New York Times, November 25, 1997. Kosovo Information Center. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bosnia.htm

Documents on Bosnia History of the Conflict Old Serbian Tales: Marko and the Turks, c. 1450 The 1456 Siege of Belgrade, By Tom R. Kovach Professor Steven W. Sowards, "Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History" Count Andrássy to Count Beust, 30 December 1875 (Communicated to the Earl of Derby by Count Beust, January 3), "Correspondence Respecting Affairs in Bosnia and Herzegovina." ... Croatian History Links Current Documents Timeline of the War in Bosnia, 1990-present Yahoo's Bosnia and Herzegovina Information Yahoo's World News: Bosnia and Herzegovina Andrew Bair, "Which End-Game in Bosnia?," ... Return to Vinnie's Home Page

23. WWW-VL History Index: Bosnia & Herzegovina Click Here for WWWVL Main Catalogue WWW-VL history Index logoWWW-VL history bosnia HERZEGOVINA. Click here for The World http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/europe/bosnia.html

Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue The WWW-VL search facility. Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Research Tools Geography Maps Bosnian Map Page Bosnia and Herzegovina Relief Bosnia and Herzegovina Political Bosnia: Ethnic Majorities ... Ethnic Majority Areas in Bosnia-Herzegovina , from CalTech Military terrain 1996 Sarajevo and Vicinity Gazetteers Location of Cities and Towns Language Languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina , from Ethnologue English-Serbo-Croatian-English Dictionary German-Serbian-German Dictionary Nederlands-Servocroatisch woordenboek (Srpskohrvatsko-Holandski recnik) Serbian and Croatian Language Resources , from U. Massachusetts Radio-Locator [for Bosnian Stations on-line] Reference World FactBook World Travel Guide Background Notes , from the US Department of State Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina Political Parties and Organizations Election Reports , from the OSCE Bibliography and Internet Gateways Search Engine , from Colossus Bosnia - Internet Resources Bonsia On-Line Materials US State Department. Materials on Bosnia-Herzgovina

24. Bosnia And Herzegovina - Short History home bratunacinfo killed and missing persons photo gallery guestbook adresser bosnia-info bosnia-history links contact history of bosnia http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Forest/2395/bosniahistory.html

home bratunac-info killed and missing persons photo gallery ... bosnia-info bosnia-history links contact us verzija na bosanskom History of Bosnia The rich history of Bosnia and Herzegovina demonstrates the uniqueness of a country where four religions (Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Christian Orthodoxy and Islam) have each given their personal mark to the development of a specific civilization, combining the heritage of the Neolithic, Iliric, Classical, Greco-Roman and Slavic cultural elements. Mutual influences and the unity of those cultural and natural values on a relatively small geographic area, resulted in the specific political, economic, cultural and international character of Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout history. X th Century The State of Bosnia first appeared in the X th Century. At that time Bosnia extended from the Drina river to the Adriatic sea. The socio-legal position of Bosnia in the Medieval period was challenged by Byzantium, Hungary and the neighboring states of Croatia and Serbia who tried to take Bosnian territory to expand Catholicism and Christian Orthodoxy. During the reign of Kulin Ban (1180-1204), Bosnia was developing as an independent and internationally recognized country. At the same time, her neighbors tried to destroy the specific religion known as the Bosnian-Bogomil Church. Being created between the two Christian religions, this Bosnian-Bogomil Church gave specific emphasis to the spiritual development of Bosnia during three centuries XII th Century

25. Mostar Online - A Brief History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina By Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University, for Mostar Online.Category Society history By Region Europe bosnia and Herzegovina......Mostar Online http//www.bigfoot.com/~emer. A Brief history Of bosnia-HerzegovinaBY ANDRAS RIEDLMAYER, Harvard University. Area. 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/1935/history.html

Mostar Online - http://www.bigfoot.com/~emer A Brief History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina BY ANDRAS RIEDLMAYER, Harvard University Area 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; 1/4 larger than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (Bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics), much of it covered by forests; no oil. Bosnia's traditional borders, established in the medieval period, are: the Sava River (in the N), the Drina River (E/SE), and the Dinaric Alps (in the W). Herzegovina ("the Duchy") is the historical name for the country's southwestern region (around the town of Mostar). Located in the heart of Europe (as the crow flies, Sarajevo is closer to Rome than Milan is). Population Until the late 19th century, people of all three faiths identified themselves simply as Bosnians. Most Bosnians today are in fact highly secularized, and more than a third of all marriages in Bosnia since the 1950s have been between partners from different religious/ethnic backgrounds. While there were some villages in the countryside where one group or the other predominated, Bosnia's towns and cities have traditionally been the shared home of people from all ethnic and religious groups. The latter include Jews, who found a haven in the tolerant city of Sarajevo in 1492, following their expulsion from Spain. Unlike Jews in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, Sarajevo's Jews were not confined to a ghetto. The city's principal mosques, its synagogues and Christian churches are all located in close proximity to each other, a visible sign of the intermingled public and private lives of its ethnic and religious communities.

26. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Independent Bosnia (History) This HomeworkCentral section focuses on 'history' and 'bosnia Herzegovina' and'Europe' and 'Countries of the World' and 'Regional Studies' and 'ELEMENTARY http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Elementary/Regi

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Independent Bosnia document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); Privacy Policy Site Map Contact Us

27. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Bosnia-Hercegovina | History bosniaHercegovina history. The original inhabitants of the region were Illyrians,followed by the Romans, who settled around mineral springs near Sarajevo. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/bosnia_hercegovina/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Bosnia-Hercegovina History The original inhabitants of the region were Illyrians, followed by the Romans, who settled around mineral springs near Sarajevo. When the Roman Empire was divided in 395 AD, the Drina River (now the border between Bosnia-Hercegovina and Serbia) became the line between the Western Roman Empire and Byzantium. The Slavs arrived in the 7th century, and in 960 the area became independent of Serbia. The first Turkish raids started in 1383, and within a century Bosnia was a Turkish province with Sarajevo as its capital. During the 400 year Turkish period, Bosnia was completely assimilated, and many of its people (Roman Catholic Croatians and Orthodox Serbs) gave up their Christianity and converted to Islam. The country itself became the boundary between the Islamic and Christian worlds. As the Turkish Empire weakened in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Turks strengthened their hold on Bosnia-Hercegovina as an advance bulwark of their empire. National revival movements among the Southern Slavs in the mid-19th century led to an uprising against the Turks, who were finally forced to give up the territory by the Russians. The Russian-backed Habsburgs of Austria-Hungary then occupied Bosnia-Hercegovina by force. Resentment that one foreign occupying force had been replaced by another became more intense in 1908, when Austria annexed Bosnia-Hercegovina outright. The assassination of Habsburg heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Bosnian Serb in 1914 led Austria to declare war on Serbia. When Russia supported Serbia, Germany jumped in behind Austria and the world was thrust into war.

28. CNN Balkan Conflict: History nightmare, and into one of the bloodiest battlefields in Europe's recent history. Thetwo remaining republics, bosniaHerzegovina and Macedonia, voted in favor http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/Bosnia/history/

Roots of the Balkan troubles: a history of ethnic skirmishes More than four years of war have turned once-beautiful Yugoslavia into a living nightmare, and into one of the bloodiest battlefields in Europe's recent history. We see the images refugees bearing children and suitcases, war-wearied elderly women, crying soldiers. But many of us don't understand exactly how the turmoil began. Here's a brief look. The rivalries between Serb, Croat and Muslim communities in Yugoslavia date back centuries. Created in the aftermath of World War I, the country was first known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The name Yugoslavia was adopted in 1929. During World War II, Croats joined the Nazis in exterminating Serbs and others. The Serbs took up arms and hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians were killed on both sides. Josip Broz Tito, a partisan leader, led the resistance against the Nazis, ultimately driving them from Yugoslavia. Following the war, Tito was elected to lead the newly created Yugoslav Federation. Tito ruled with an iron fist, keeping ethnic rivalries in check. Despite such problems as astronomical inflation, the nation held together for a decade after Tito's death in 1980. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, democratic movements swept across much of Eastern Europe, including Yugoslavia. With the election of non-communist governments in four of Yugoslavia's six republics, the Federation began to crumble and ethnic divisions resurfaced.

29. CNN - The Balkan Crisis: A Brief History The roots of the Balkan crisis of the 1990s, particularly those in the area identifiedas bosniaHercegovina, are found in the history of what we call http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1997/bosnia/history/

Now quicker European access The Balkan Crisis: A brief history The roots of the Balkan crisis of the 1990s, particularly those in the area identified as Bosnia-Hercegovina, are found in the history of what we call Yugoslavia beginning long before the birth of Christ, continuing into the Middle Ages and were exacerbated by developments before, during and after World War II. Here's an overview of the conflict: BEFORE WRITTEN HISTORY Anthropologists agree that the first people that we know for sure settled in the Balkans area that at various times has been called Yugoslavia were Illyrians, an Indo-European collection of tribes. IT WAS ONCE ROMAN The Romans conquered the area before the time of Christ, named it Illyricum and made it a province of its far-flung empire. Because of its crossroads location on the stage of Balkan trade and commerce, the rocky, hilly area has long been fought over, not because of its rich resources, but as a geo-political pawn. THE SERBS CLIMB ONTO THE STAGE A FURTHER COMPLICATION SARAJEVO AND THE CROWN PRINCE Most European schoolchildren are familiar with the story of how the assassination of archduke Ferdinand and his consort, the Duchess of Hohenberg, on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo launched World War I. The gunman, Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian Serbian student who was an active member of the Mlada Bosna, group which had been formed among university and secondary school students to advance revolutionary ideas which, the group hoped, would lead to independence.

30. Bosnia - History - Internet Resources bosnia history. bosnia Homepage - Caltech; bosnia Links. http://www.gettysburg.edu/response/ref/hisbos.html

Bosnia - History Bosnia Homepage - Caltech Bosnia Links

31. History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - Wikipedia history of bosnia and Herzegovina. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.This is the history of bosnia and Herzegovina. See also http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help History of Bosnia and Herzegovina From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina . See also the history of Bosnia history of Herzegovina history of Yugoslavia history of Europe , and history of present-day nations and states For the first centuries of the Christian era, Bosnia was part of the Roman Empire . After the fall of Rome, Bosnia was contested by Byzantium and Rome's successors in the West. Slavs settled the region in the 7th century, and the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia split control of Bosnia in the 9th century. The 11th and 12th centuries saw the rule of the region by the kingdom of Hungary . The medieval kingdom of Bosnia gained its independence around A.D. Bosnia remained independent up until

32. History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina history of bosnia and Herzegovina. search on title find similar wiki printableversion wiki normal version This is the history of bosnia and Herzegovina. http://brandt.kurowski.net/projects/lsa/wiki/view.cgi?doc=902

33. Index Of /files/Current-Events/Bosnia/History Parent Directory 04-Jul-1999 1212 - supii.gif......Index of /files/CurrentEvents/bosnia/history. Name Last modifiedSize http://www.beyond-the-illusion.com/files/Current-Events/Bosnia/History/

Index of /files/Current-Events/Bosnia/History Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 04-Jul-1999 12:12 - supii.gif 14-Aug-1995 00:00 175k supiii.gif 14-Aug-1995 00:00 235k supiv.gif 25-Sep-1995 00:00 131k supix.gif 14-Aug-1995 00:00 158k supvi.gif 25-Sep-1995 00:00 142k supvii.gif 25-Sep-1995 00:00 235k

34. Magnus Edvinsson Historical background. 31kB This picture shortly explains the backgroundto the present situation in bosnia Herzegovina. When the http://www.algonet.se/~msen/history.html

Updated January 15th) MEDIA Sarajevo-Presscenter SHAPE SFOR INFORMER OTHER Bosnia-History Bosnia-Pictures KKrVA City of Doboj ... Strängnäs Cathedral SEARCH AltaVista Evreka CYBER FRIENDS Henry Kenth Per-Erik Pontus OTHER FRIENDS PIO:s Historical background In the year 1450 the Ottoman empire invaded the area and most of the noble families converted to muslim religion. The reason was mainly economical. The muslim religion was tolerant against others and the non-believers only had to pay higher taxes. By changing religion they also could keep their political influence. War has occured several times in the area and now and then hard feelings between the ethnical groups has boiled up. After World War II President Tito unified the whole area and the Republic of Jugoslavia (South Slavia) was established. In the end of 1980, when both communism and economy was falling a new war between the ethnical groups broke out. With thanks to Ass Professor Villu Tamul, University of Tartu

35. Oxfam's World - Bosnia bosnia history. The area that is now called bosnia has been ruledby many different groups in the course of its history. In 1463 http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/kidsweb/world/Bosnia/boshist.htm

Bosnia - History The area that is now called Bosnia has been ruled by many different groups in the course of its history. In 1463, it was conquered by the Ottoman, or Turkish, armies. Many Bosnians became Muslim at this time. The region remained part of the Ottoman empire until 1878, when Austria-Hungary gained control. In June 1914, a young Serbian student assassinated the Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, a murder which sparked World War 1. After the war, Bosnia-Herzegovina became part of the kingdom that was later renamed Yugoslavia. During World War 2, Germany and Italy invaded Yugoslavia. Many Bosnian patriots fought against the invading armies, led by a young Communist, Josip Broz Tito. When the war ended, Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of six republics in the new Communist state led by Tito. Communism held the different states and ethnic groups together briefly, but when Tito died in 1980, the old conflicts re-emerged. In 1990, the Communist party lost control; two years later, Croats and Muslims in Bosnia voted for independence. Most Serbs living there opposed this because they wished to remain part of Yugoslavia, which Serbia dominated. A fierce civil war broke out in April 1992 after Bosnian Muslims and Croats declared independence. Within two months, about two-thirds of Bosnia fell under the control of the Bosnian Serbs. Over the next three years, more than 200,000 people lost their lives, and more than two million people were forced to leave their homes.

36. Bosnia Guide - Books Communities Travel Places Culture History Info bosnia and Herzegovina with focus on literature, history, society, culture and communities.Category Regional Europe Travel and Tourism Travel Guides......Information on bosnia society, culture, literature, history, communities, places.Guide to everything bosnia Herzegovina. In english and bosnian language. http://www.bosnia.co.uk/

g u i d e t o bosnia.co.uk SHOP WELCOME TO BOSNIA GUIDE website menu Movies NEW! Live news headlines Books index (with reviews) General info Web links Contact BRITISH PEACEKEEPERS IN BOSNIA NEW! Double audio CD with interviews GORAZDE: The Peacekeepers' Tale A documentary on Bosnia Reporter: Gillian Sandford Co-Producers: Gillian Sandford and Mike Price Webih.net

37. Santayana's Revenge¶ The EconomistCategory Society history By Region Europe bosnia and Herzegovina......Santayana's revenge¶, INDEX TERMS, War bosnia, military history lesson;bosnia Hercegovina military history lesson. DATE, 22Jul-95. WORDS, 338. http://www.users.cloud9.net/~cgseife/santayana.html

Santayana's revenge¶ INDEX TERMS DATE 22-Jul-95 WORDS MILITARY history contains troves of accumulated experience to guide United Nations commanders in Bosnia. Among the lessons: Air superiority is not a sufficient condition for military victory. American B-52 bombers could not dislodge North Vietnamese guerrillas from their bolt-holes. Soviet attack helicopters provided target practice for the mujahideen in Afghanistan. In offensive actions in Bosnia, the West has relied exclusively on NATO air strikes. Garrisons will fall. It is supply lines that are critical. From the Alamo to Dien Bien Phu (a French garrison in Vietnam), isolated pockets of resistance will be crushed eventually. The 'safe areas' of Bosnia are not safe without supply lines. Political defeats can be as important as lost battles. The world remembers the Tet offensive, an attack by the North Vietnamese army on South Vietnamese and American positions, as a victory by the North. In fact, tactically, the laurels went to America - decisively. However, the offensive shattered America's confidence in its ability to win the war. The Bosnian Serbs' continued political humiliation of the West creates its own momentum, by making others less willing to trust the West in future. That damages the West. A local army - even poorly armed - can cripple a better-armed foreign one, unless the invaders act ruthlessly. This, one of the oldest military dicta, has had to be relearned again and again: by the British during the American Revolution, by the French and Americans in Vietnam, and by the Russians in Afghanistan. Though the 20,000 United Nations' troops are not only outnumbered by the Bosnian Serbs but also lightly armed, no one should assume that merely giving them heavy weapons would necessarily be enough.

38. Department Of History Interesting opportunity to explore this country.Category Regional Europe bosnia and Herzegovina Travel and Tourism......Cheap Web Site Hosting, http://journeybh.20m.com/

Cheap Web Site Hosting Soul of Europe This site can be wived also on adnan.eurowinds.com (slower link)

39. Modern European History - Bosnia Academic Info Modern European history bosniaHerzegovina. Academic Info 19-143rdST SW Lynnwood, WA 98037. Information on history of bosnia-Herzegovina. http://www.academicinfo.net/histbosnia.html

Home Keyword Search Subject Index Reference Desk ... Student Center Academic Info Modern European History: Bosnia-Herzegovina Social Sciences History Europe Academic Info is Publicly Supported Please make a tax-deductible donation (any amount is appreciated) to help keep Academic Info online and free of advertising. We accept credit cards or checks payable to Academic Info. Thanks a lot. Currently donations are not tax-deductible. Academic Info 19-143rd ST SW Lynnwood, WA 98037 Information on History of Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia Home Page Includes an extensive collection of Internet resources Maintained by Ayhan Irfanoglu, Ahmet Kirac Bosnia Peace Pact Gopher directory The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project Efforts to reconstruct the national library collections destroyed by the Serbian army Friends and colleagues who possess or know of the whereabouts of any microfilms or photocopies anywhere in the world of the now destroyed originals are urged to contact Andras Riedlmayer, Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University. Balkans Pages Balkans Anti-War and Human Rights Resources "...will deal with the part of the Balkans formerly known as the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia."

40. Bosnia-Hercegovina's History bosnia's history. From By this time, bosniaHercegovina did not definea language, an ethnicity, a religion, or a shared history. It http://www.balkan-archive.org.yu/kosta/RS/dean/bih_history.html

Bosnia's History From the late 6th century A.D. to the early 20th century. Because of Bosnia's and Hercegovina's relatively isolated position, it began to develop somewhat independently, soon having its own uniquely "Bosnian" Church. Their beliefs are unclear. Some say it was an off-shoot of the Manichaeistic "Bogomils" that originated in Bulgaria. There are various different opinions on the subject. It could, however, simply have been a Church with differing practices, a mixture of Latin and Eastern Rites. The region we know know as "Bosnia-Hercegovina", however, always had significant numbers of Orthodox and Roman Catholic believers, and the Bosnian Church was probably only a minority. An independent Bosnian kingdom DID exist from the mid 13th century to the late 15th century, when the Balkans became dominated by the Turks. At the same time, the kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria were at their height and the most powerful forces in the region, until they, too, fell to the Ottoman Turkish armies. However, the extent of the kingdom known as "Bosna" varied considerably Basically it was a small pocket that comprised a portion of the Dalmatian coast and extended eastward, perhaps as far as the modern city of Sarajevo. It should be noted that the concept of "national identity" as we know it today was only in its beginning stages of development during this time of imperial kingdoms. Under Turkish domination, the communities were divided into "millets," which were based on religion. This separated the Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholic Christians, and the Turkish Muslims (and converts to Islam). What had developed as the Bosnian Church was soon absorbed by the Muslim pressure to convert, along with some Orthodox and Catholic Christians, which granted the right to own land and certain other favorable conditions. (see the

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