41. Registration & Records - Course Catalog Examination of african religions on the african continent on traditional religiouspractices, african reformulation of Cuban Santeria, and brazilian Candomble. http://www2.acs.ncsu.edu/reg_records/crs_cat/AFS.html

Policies NCSU Home Comments AFRICANA STUDIES - AFS AFS ( MUS Introduction to African-American Music 3(3-0-0) F Comprehensive survey of African-American music in the United States from Colonial times to the, with emphasis on its unique features and contributions to American culture. Course Offerings: fall AFS ( MDS African Civilization 3(3-0-0) F,S,Sum An interdisciplinary study of centers of African civilization from antiquity to the 1960s. Such centers include ancient Egypt, Nubia, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kilwa, Malinda, Sofola, Zinzibar and Monomotapa. Course Offerings: fall sprg AFS ( MDS Introduction to African-American Studies II 3(3-0-0) F,S,Sum Second in a two semesters sequence in the interdisciplinary study of sub-Saharan Africa, its arts, culture, and people, and the African-American experience. Course Offerings: fall sprg AFS ( COM African-American Theater 3(3-0-0) S African-American dramaturgy and its impact on the American theater; plays from the nineteenth century to the present. Course Offerings: sprg AFS ( ENG Survey of African-American Literature 3(3-0-0) F,S

42. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries to Brazil in the 1500’s. When early brazilian agronomists began importing slavesfrom Africa inthe 1540’s, the african religions were brought with them. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005537/religions.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, 500 Years In the Making: Brazil and Its Culture , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to 500 Years In the Making: Brazil and Its Culture click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... 500 Years In the Making: Brazil and Its Culture click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 2000 Entry Click image for the Site Site Desciption 500 Years in the Making, Brazil and Its Culture celebrates 500 years of Brazilian history by filling part of the still immense gap of ignorance and misinformation that exists between the general public and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Separated into 6 categories - People and Culture, City Profiles, Interesting Facts, History, Music, and Brazil's Future - on our site, you can learn about Brazilians and their lifestyles, see and read about some of the cities that they live in, discover interesting trivial facts about Brazil, hear the National Anthem, see a timeline of events in Brazilian history, find out the different Brazilian styles of music, and hear from a Brazilian's perspective how the next century will be for the Brazilian people. Students Robert Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School AK, United States

43. AFRICAN AMERICAN SPIRITUALITY: Beacon Press Backlist 2002 . . A 'must read' for students of african, Caribbean, brazilian, and africanAmerican religions. —Choice. 12211 / $19.00tx / paperback. Return to top. http://www.beacon.org/backlist/afamspir02.htm

AFRICAN AMERICAN SPIRITUALITY denotes a Beacon Bestseller Risks of Faith James H. Cone The Courage to Hope Quinton Hosford Dixie and Cornel West, editors Is God a White Racist? William R. Jones Joseph M. Murphy Working the Spirit Joseph M. Murphy A Fire in the Bones Albert J. Raboteau Jesus and the Disinherited Howard Thurman Meditations of the Heart Howard Thurman A Strange Freedom Howard Thurman Joseph M. Murphy African Spirits in America With a new Preface "Informative and a joy to read. . . . It strikes a balance between participation and observation in an explanation of Santería that will please believer and scholar alike." 1021-9 / $16.00 / paperback Return to top Joseph M. Murphy Working the Spirit Ceremonies of the African Diaspora "A brilliant comparative study of the workings of the Spirit among practitioners of African-derived religions. . . . A 'must read' for students of African, Caribbean, Brazilian, and African American religions." 1221-1 / $19.00tx / paperback

44. King's College London Trends and Developments in african and african Derived religions (Westport, Conn ofPortuguese Department of Portuguese and brazilian Studies Discipline http://www.sas.ac.uk/ilas/hbac36.htm

KING'S COLLEGE LONDON Catherine M. BOYLE , BA, MA, PhD Lecturer in Spanish and Spanish American Studies Department of Spanish and Spanish American Studies Discipline: Literature and Culture Area of Research: Theatre; Translation performance; Women's writing Publications - 'Griselda Gámbaro and the female dramatist: the audacious trespasser', in S. Bassnett (ed.), Knives and Angels: Women Writers in Latin America (London/Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books, 1990), pp. 145-57. Chilean Theater, 1973-1985: Marginality, Power, Selfhood (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press/London/Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Presses, 1992), 226 pp. - 'The creative force in marginality: women in Latin American writing', UCG Women's Studies Centre Review 1 (1992), pp. 107-16. - 'Touching the air: the cultural force of women in Chile', in S. Westwood and S. Radcliffe (eds.), `Viva!' Women and Popular Protest in Latin America

45. A Third World In The New: African Slaves In Portuguese America african –brazilian religions form a fascinating chapter in history and area present reality for whites as well as blacks in Brazil. Conrad, Robert. http://www.humanities-interactive.org/newworld/africa/africa_americas_essay.htm

Africa in the Americas: A Third World in the New: African Slaves in Portuguese America by Richard Graham University of Texas at Austin More Africans were forcibly transported to Brazil than to any other area in the Americas. Indeed, the Portuguese had been engaged in the slave trade long before Columbus’s first voyage to America. Merchants had once bought black slaves from Arab and Bedouin traders along the northern coast of Africa, but soon tried to circumvent those traders. With their king’s financial and political support, merchant-explorers from Portugal pushed southward along the western coast of Africa, reaching the Senegal River in 1444, whence they sent back a shipload of 680 slaves. Soon thereafter they reached the Guinea coast and began trading with local potentates for slaves. Eventually the Yoruba, Dahomey, and Ashanti peoples, other Africans who spoke the Hausa language, and then the Bantu filled thousands of slave ships destined for Brazil. These ships continued to carry their horrible cargoes until as late as 1852, and the total number of Africans moved to Brazil is estimated at 3.6 million, nine times the number brought to the thirteen English colonies. What did they do there and how did they cope? In Portugal, African slaves were used primarily for domestic service, but in Brazil slavery took on new purpose, for the buyer of slaves there sought profits: it made little sense to use slaves for domestic work only. As they set up sugar plantations in Brazil in the 1530s to produce a saleable export crop, planters turned to the slave trade in earnest. True, they experimented with enslaving amerindians, but these found it as easy to flee into the forests of Brazil as black slaves would have done if plantations had been placed on the coast of Africa. So building sugar mills in Brazil and using African slaves to work them followed an inexorable capitalist logic. For slaves, the result was backbreaking labor, incredible suffering, early death.

46. Study/Travel Seminars To Brazil: Auburn/Union Continuing Education four of Brazil's five regions, beginning with the southeast and colonial Rio deJaneiro, with its blend of neoPentecostals and african-brazilian religions. http://www.auburnsem.org/edprog/ce0102/17_seminars.shtml

Educational Programs Auburn Union 2001-2002 Return to: Educational Programs Auburn Union 2001-2002 Home Also of Interest: Registration Form Get More Information Outside Links: Union Theological Seminary Study/Travel Seminars to Brazil April 15-May 11, 2002 You are invited to participate in one of our most successful programs: the study/travel seminar. This year we will visit Brazil from April 15 to May 11, 2002. You may register for this exciting tour. We will witness this cultures personally, pushing ourselves for an experience of total immersion and solidarity with those who live and hope in Brazil. Throughout the entire trip, we will meet with activists, have the opportunity to offer international support and encouragement, and build new connections. Religious leaders, naturalists, politicians, intellectuals, and many other people representing Brazilian communities of faith will invite us to stay with them and experience life through their eyes. Along the way, we will examine some of the following questions: Can we in the United States become more deeply engaged with these remarkable cultures? What can we learn from religious and civic leaders in Brazil? What are the implications for living and working in our own communities in North America? These trips are designed to be ecumenical, and we encourage participants of all faith traditions to enroll. We hope to bring back to our own communities of faith new insights and new ways of understanding. This study/travel seminar is planned to offer maximum and direct contact with Brazilian people and their culture. We will encourage the formation of small groups composed of seminar participants and Braziliansto act as hosts and show their visitors life within their own communities. Our intention is that through opening ourselves to these experiences, we may develop insights to help our own communities create new venues of fraternity, cooperation, and solidarity.

47. Manipulating The Sacred - Yoruba Art, Ritual, And Resistance In Brazilian Candom in the africanbased religions of Brazil. She focuses on the symbolism and functionof ritual objects and costumes used in the brazilian candomblé (miniature http://wsupress.wayne.edu/africana/afranthropology/omarims.htm

Book Information About the book Reviews Manipulating the Sacred Mikelle S. Omari-Tunkara November African American Life Series $49.95s cloth / ISBN 0-8143-2851-2 $24.95s paper / ISBN 0-8143-2852-0 212 pages / 6 x 9 83 illustrations

48. Journal Of Social History: From Ethnicity To Race And Gender: Transformations Of born slaves resulted in dynamic syncretisms between african religions and RomanCatholicism, most notably in a form of african brazilian religion candomble. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m2005/2_32/53449342/p6/article.jhtml?term=

49. Non-Lukumi dialogue and collaboration with representatives of african religions. TO NONLUKUMIreligions Page 2. Yoruba Indigenous Religion and brazilian Candomble Muslim http://www.church-of-the-lukumi.org/nonlukumi.html

DECLARATION IN RELATION TO NON-LUKUMI RELIGIONS Page THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH TO NON-LUKUMI RELIGIONS PROMULGATED BY OBA ERNESTO PICHARDO JANUARY 28, 1998 On Non-Lukumi African Religions In preparation for the next millenium, the Church examines more closely its relationship with other religions. Mankind is being drawn closer together by global trends and nations are becoming more inter-dependent. In our task of promoting unity, the Church considers in this declaration what we have in common and what draws us to fellowship. The whole human race is one community, one in their origin, for Olodumare is the one creator of all. Mankind from the various religions of the world seeks answers to unsolved questions in relation to its existence and thereafter. A universal denominator among the various peoples, is its beliefs, or recognition of a Supreme Being, and the existence of a spiritual reality that influences their physical world. African religions bound by universal precepts in relation to natural law, contemplate the divine mystery and express it through human inquiry and experience. In various forms, each in their own religious manner, seeks what is true. All follow teachings that may differ in many aspects. Nonetheless, in sincere, devout, and confident manner, by their own human effort and supreme illumination, they try to recognize, preserve and promote that which enlightens all humankind. Each religion proposes ways through teachings, rules of life, and sacred rites: a genuine certitude of spiritual, moral, and social truth. However, this certitude is at times stained by ruinous manifestation.

50. Book Review - 66.2 - Lopez to a comprehensive analysis of AfroCuban and Afro-brazilian texts. anthropologistLydia Cabrera, an international expert in the subject of african religions. http://www.samla.org/sar/01spLopez.html

Cuba y Brasil: etnohistoria del empleo religioso del lenguaje afroamericano . By William W. Megenney. Miami: Ediciones Universal, 2000. 354 pp. $29.95. For many individuals, delving into Afro-Caribbean religion has been a source of curiosity and, lately, an avenue to understand an important part of the past of one of the most significant ethnic groups that composes hybrid America. Only through understanding certain fragments of a common past is it possible to comprehend today's reality. The black presence in Latin America, strongly tied to an uprooted and an enslaved past, has contributed to enriching the cultural mosaic of the so-called new continent. However, there are many details that must be further analyzed in order to trace back common links that may suggest similarities among black populations in various places of the Spanish Caribbean and South America. and Brazilian cults such as Umbanda , and Q uimbanda Megenney is not new to these types of studies. He has several publications on African influences on Brazil and the Spanish-Caribbean countries. This ambitious project includes a series of previous investigations. The author also looks at black slavery in the Americas with the purpose of establishing the connection between the African past and the current reality of black religion juxtaposed with Catholic beliefs. One must not forget that this culture survived the whip and hard labor thanks in part to the oral traditions passed from generation to generation. What blacks brought in their memories, besides the horrors of being pulled away from their nation and their identity, is what today forms a subculture in a much wider social spectrum that is represented in contemporary Latin America.

51. Manuel Raimundo Querino - The First Afro-Brazilian Historian to brazilian historiography the perspective of the african brazilian. writting aboutthe africanbrazilians, he the practitioners of the Afro-Bahian religions. http://www.brazilianmusic.com/aabc/quer.html

Manuel Raimundo Querino The first Afro Brazilian Historian Português MANUEL QUERINO, (1851-1923) , maintained an active interest in labor and political affairs but, after the turn of the century, devoted increasing amounts of his time and energy to historical studies, in particular to research and writing on the contributions of the Africans to Brazil's growth. those studies had a twofold purpose. On the one hand, he wanted to show his fellow blacks the vital contribution they had made to Brazil; on the other, he hoped to remind the white Brazilians of the debt they owed Africa and the African Brazilians. As Querino turned his attention to history, he hoped to rebalance the traditional emphasis on the european experience in Brazil. No black had ever given his perspective on Brazilian history before. Querino emerged as the first Brazilian - black or white - to detail, analyze and do justice to the African contributions to Brazil. he presented his conclusions amid a climate of opinion which was at best indefferent, at worst, prejudiced or even hostile. Historians certainly owe a heavy debt to Querino. He preserved considerable information on the art, artists, and artisans of Bahia. No one can do research on any of those subjects without consulting his works. further, he is an excelent source for social history. His As Artes na Bahia, for example, includes an ample sampling of biographies of workers, artisans, and mechanics, those who qualify as "the ordinary people." Such unique biographies provide an invaluable look into the lives of the humble upon whom much of the growth of Brazil rests. He also offers in his essays abundant information on popular customs, culture, and religion.

52. Capoeira History that moves all things in the universe according to the african religions in Brazil ofthe brazilians, are related one way or another with Afrobrazilian rituals http://www.achebrasil.com/capoeira_history.htm

We have chosen to spell "Aché" in is original form. Others spell the same word as "Axé." We learned that "Aché" means the positive energy that moves the universe or everything that is positive. Perhaps, it is better explained by Mestre Acordeon in his Capoeira book. History of Capoeira One theory is that about four hundred years ago in the Brazilian soil, when African slaves were in captivity, the slaves looking for a way to escape, blended their combat moves with ritual dances adding the musical instruments. The slave masters would assume they were having a festival or a celebration. Therefore, the slaves incorporated many different dance moves together with martial arts to disguise as a dance. It worked! Slaves later used this dance-martial arts to fight their oppressors and gain freedom. The slaves took advantage of the forests, hiding themselves, and eventually forming what was to become the "Quilombo dos Palmares," a refugee camp for the slaves. Capoeira is now a national sport, and the popularity of the art is on a rapid rise and continues to gain a steady following. Capoeira has already attracted a few celebrity followers such as Wesley Snipes, Mark Decascos, Jean Claude Van Damme and others. Capoeira is now considered a beautiful art form, known as the most hypnotic and interesting art form yet to come out of Brazil.

53. Silvia Regina De Lima Silva - Mission And Afro-Brazilian Cultural Reality with brazilian Base Christian Communities and Afrobrazilian religious/cultural alsoassume their commitment to the african traditional religions. http://www.sedos.org/english/silvia.htm

Silvia Regina de Lima Silva Mission and Afro-Brazilian Cultural Reality The author is a Roman Catholic feminist theologian who has worked with Brazilian Base Christian Communities and Afro-Brazilian religious/cultural movements. At present she is engaged in postgraduate studies at the Seminario Biblico Latino-americano in San José, Costa Rica THE BLACK SPEAKER TELLS HIS STORY: The lasso was zipping through the woods. "Run, get him. Don't let them get away". No one knew where these men had come from. They came running, grabbing everything. They were neither young nor old. They would throw the pots to the ground, overturning and piling everything up right there in the middle of the jungle, in our home. Whoever fled into the depths of the jungle was hunted like a crazy escaped animal about to tear someone to pieces. They threw the lasso at me. I couldn't take another step. I was dragged over the ground behind some animal until I lost my senses. I awoke on the seashore, amidst many others. Some I recognised, others I did not. The silence was heavy and no one could say anything. And to whom would we talk? What would we say? One by one we were thrown aboard an old, filthy ship. Without food, drink or anything. We left everything behind.

54. Afro-Cuban Religion And Culture african Traditional religions Extensive Internet resources on Historic Voodoo Museum;african Religion Syncretism Afro-brazilian Religion and Culture; Ile Axe http://spacer.uncfsu.edu/F_corse/sant.htm

55. Brazil - Wikipedia Four major groups make up the brazilian population the Portuguese, the adhere tovarious Protestant faiths or follow practices derived from african religions. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Dansk Deutsch Esperanto Interlingua ... Svenska Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the country. For other uses see Brazil (disambiguation) The Federative Republic of Brazil is by far the largest and most populous country in South America . Spanning a vast area between the Andes and the Atlantic Ocean , it borders Uruguay Argentina Paraguay Bolivia ... Suriname and French Guiana . Named after brazilwood , a local tree, Brazil is home to both extensive agricultural lands and rain forests República Federativa do Brasil In Detail National motto : Ordem e Progresso Portuguese , Order and Progress) Official language Portuguese Capital Brasilia ... Area - Total - % water Ranked 5th Population - Total ( Density Ranked 5th Independence - Declared - Recognised From Portugal September 7 August 29 Currency ... UTC -2 to -5 National anthem Hino Nacional Brasileiro Internet TLD .BR Calling Code History Main article: History of Brazil Brazil was first sighted by Europeans in and developed as a Portuguese commercial colony, based to a large extent on

56. Created From: Photos The book Sacred Trees in Afrobrazilian religions (O Encanto das Árvores nas religiõesafro-brasileiras) will exalt the african botanical heritage brought http://www.fortunecity.com/skyscraper/parallax/1548/id34.htm

var TlxPgNm='id34'; web hosting domain names email addresses related sites ... home Created from: Photos E-mail: rodericksteel@hotmail.com Sacred Trees in Afro-Brazilian religions Between the end of the XVIII and XIX Centuries many Africans landed on Brazilian shores and brought with them aspects of their own culture which fused, adapted and co-existed with the religion of their new homeland. The book "Sacred Trees in Afro-Brazilian religions" ( O Encanto das will exalt the African botanical heritage brought to Brazil by generations of slaves. It will be the first of five books focusing on sacred elements in Afro-Brazilian religions. Corporate Return The corporate sponsor's name will feature in the opening pages of the book. Further text will elucidate on the company's commitment to the country's cultural, historical and educational development. The press will be made aware of such corporate support of the project, and will be invited to participate in the book launch and exhibition set for April 3, 2001 at the British Center, in the neighborhood of Pinheiros Both the book and exhibition project can process donations through the Minister of Culture's Rouanet Law. This offers a diversion of up to 4% of tax owed to the government to any project approved under this Law.

57. Brazil Travel Guide: Communicating In Portuguese a lot of them also practice the african religions without any roots in Brazil centuriesago when african slaves maintained About eating out brazilian food has http://scsc.essortment.com/braziltravel_rnqj.htm

Brazil travel guide: communicating in portuguese If your destiny is Brazil, here are a few tidbits of information that will help make your stay an enjoyable one: About the history: Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese but also received a large group of immigrants from other countries, mostly from Germany, Holland, France, Spain and Japan in addition to Africans who arrived as slaves. Thus, the Brazilian culture is a rich blend of many ways of living reflected in its food, clothes, religions, literature, and food. There’s little racial and ethnic segregation in Brazil and you’ll enjoy your time there better if you go in with an open mind. bodyOffer(33143) About the geography: If you’re going there, you already know Brazil is in South America. Brazil is also larger than the continental United States and its northern region is crossed by the equator, which means it’s very hot all the time. Eastern Brazil is on the Atlantic and boasts of beautiful beaches you can sunbathe on year-round. About religion: While most Brazilians will tell you they are Catholic, a lot of them also practice the African religions without any conflict, as spiritualism created deep roots in Brazil centuries ago when African slaves maintained their culture alive by continuing to practice the same religious rituals of their homeland.

58. Brazilian Incentive & Tourism slaves first came to Brazil, their religions were banned closely fitted the imageof each african deity The Afrobrazilian cults that subsequently evolved, bear http://www.bitourism.com/countryinfo/countryinfo_religion.asp

Pictures protected by Digimark Inc. HOME ARE YOU READY TO BOOK? TRAVEL AGENTS ABOUT US ... FAQ Produced by COUNTRY INFO - RELIGION AFRO-BRAZILIAN CULTS "UMBANDA" "CANDOMBLÉ" OTHER RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES Brazil is officially a Catholic country, boasting the largest Catholic population in the world. Religious freedom is written into the constitution and, whilst being nominally Catholic, the country has a wide diversity of religious followers, some happily combining one or more 'brands'. Indian animism was the original spiritual practice in Brazil. This was joined by the strict catholic practices of the first Portuguese settlers and their missionaries, who were intent on converting the 'uncivilised heathens' of the New World. The slaves brought over from the African continent also introduced their own religions, which although fiercely rejected and violently condemned, survived to become one of the strongest influences in Brazil today. Other mainline, global religions, such as Judaism and Islam, also have representative groups in Brazil and the major cities all have appropriate places of worship

59. Encyclopædia Britannica AfroCaribbean, Afro-brazilian, and Afro-American religions religionsamong persons of african ancestry in the Caribbean, Brazil, and US. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=religion&ct=gen1&fuzzy=N

60. WMW Programs - Brazil Mix candomblé ceremonies of the displaced african religions can be the greatest concentrationof african descendants can be the very latest in brazilian rock, axé http://www.worldmusicwebcast.com/programs/brazil/main.htm

Listen Schedule Programs Sponsors ... Home Brazil Mix with DJ Baiano LIVE HOSTED: Tuesday 6:00 - 7:30 pm Pacific Time / 0200 - 0330 Universal Time REPEATED: Thursday 11:30 am - 1:00 pm Pacific Time / 1930 - 2100 Universal Time Thursday 6:30 - 8:00 pm Pacific Time / 0230 - 0400 Universal Time Join host DJ Baiano every Tuesday evening from 6:00 - 7:30 PM (0200 - 0330 UTC) for a celebration of the music and culture of Brazil. Una-se aos anfitriões DJ Baiano todas as noites de terça-feira das 6:00 às 7:30 horário do pacífico (10:00 horário para Brazil) para o Brazil Mix - uma celebração da música e cultura brasileiras. The music of Brazil presents an enormous spectrum of auditory experience, somehow managing to incorporate many outside influences with its own internal pattern and then reflect it back in a uniquely Brazilian way. The blend of native sounds with European, East Indian, and especially African music has created the core of Brazilian music we hear today. Over the years, this unique melting pot has become the foundation for some of the world's greatest musical creations: bossa nova, samba, tropicalismo, música popular brasileira (MPB), pagode, and axé. More recently, the Brazilians have brought their trademark music-making ability to the world of rock, rap, dance, and techno, once again melding the existing genres with something particularly Brazilian to create their own brand of these musical forms.

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