21. Historical Text Archive From Bulgaria.com....... Sort links by Title (A\D) Date (A\D) Rating (A\D) Popularity (A\D) Sites currentlysorted by Title (A to Z) bulgaria history http://historicaltextarchive.com/links.php?op=viewslink&sid=210

22. History Of Bulgaria - Bulgaria.com - Quick Details From MuseumStuff.com websites about regions world bulgaria for children and children's regions worldbulgaria websites art links about regions world bulgaria history link about http://www.museumstuff.com/details/gen6188.html

MuseumStuff.com >> History of Bulgaria - Bulgaria.com Email this page Print Edit History of Bulgaria - Bulgaria.com OVERVIEW - The historical development of the Bulgarian lands and the people that inhabited them in the antiquity has been determined by one major factor - their crossroads situation between Europe and Asia. The waves of settlers that swept from both continents into the south or into the north at different times, quite often turned the plains of Thrace, Moesia, Macedonia and the Balkan mountains into an arena of fierce clashes. - The earliest traces of human life on the Bulgarian lands date back to Paleolithic and Mesolithic times. The brilliant drawings in some Bulgarian caves and the flint labor tools are the only remnants of the primitive man, the homo sapiens forebearer. CLICK to ENTER THIS RESOURCE CATEGORY links/regions/world/bulgaria RELATED search the web .. for more regions world bulgaria resources .. companion search powered by Overture.com HistoricTrees.org - purchase direct offspring of trees from historic homes, battles, moments in history .. easy to plant seedlings make great gifts that will last for generations! Art.com

23. History Of Bulgaria History of Bulgaria. Contemporary History Bulgaria was under Ottoman occupationfrom the late 14 th Century till the late 19 th Century. http://www.newtravel.com/brochure/history.html

History of Bulgaria One of Europe's Earliest Inhabited Areas The Bulgarian Danubian plain is thought to be one of Europe's earliest inhabited areas, evidenced by cave remains from the 2 nd Paleolithic period (100,000 - 40,000 BC). The recently discovered Varna Chalcolithic Necropolis by the Black Sea revealed the oldest known gold jewellery, leading scholars to suspect that Bulgarian metalworking techniques may have preceded those of other civilizations. Thracian Roots By the end of the 2 nd millennium BC, migrant groups in the region were coalescing into the ethnic group that became known as Thracians. The ancient Thracians inhabited most of modern-day Bulgaria, Northern Greece, and European Turkey. They practised a polytheistic religion that honoured Thracian gods, including Dionysus. Greek mythology is based upon many Thracian beliefs. Thracian tombs and artifacts can still be seen in Bulgaria today. Bulgars and Slavs The Bulgars migrated from the Central Asia Pamir Himalayan region in the 7 th century. They had a highly developed civilization and their calendar, based on cycles of the sun, is recognized as one of the most accurate ancient calendars. By the 5

24. Anglo-American School Of Sofia, Bulgaria History. The AngloAmerican School of Sofia (AAS) was established in1967 to meet the educational needs of children from the United http://www.ecis.org/sofia/history.htm

HOMEPAGE Mission Statement Director's Page Location ... Sitemap History The Anglo-American School of Sofia (AAS) was established in 1967 to meet the educational needs of children from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Charter permits the School to enroll children from other diplomatic missions and generally from the international community in Sofia. It is a private secular school without affiliation to any religious denomination, political party or interest group. For several years it operated on two sites, 15 kilometers apart, but in January 1998 it moved to its present location in one handsome building on the spacious parkland campus of The American College of Sofia. The Anglo-American School Building The Parent and Teacher's Organisation (PTO) CONTACT US How to Enrol your Child HOMEPAGE ... Contact Us

25. History Of Bulgaria - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For All Friends of Acapedia History of Bulgaria. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.This is the history of Bulgaria. Long a crossroads http://acapedia.org/aca/History_of_Bulgaria

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26. BULGARIA site. The Reader's Guide to Bulgaria with detailed info about bulgaria history, people, economy,society, culture, etc Bulgarian http://web.singnet.com.sg/~tanwc/bulgaria.htm

27. History Of Bulgaria - Wikipedia History of Bulgaria. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This isthe history of Bulgaria. In the ancient Bulgarian chronology http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help History of Bulgaria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the history of Bulgaria Long a crossroads of civilizations (archaeological finds date back to 4600 B.C.), Danube Bulgaria (Bulgaria of present) was first recognized as an independent state in AD and is among the countries in Europe, which survived and kept their original name from the longest time ago. Bulgarian Orthodox Christianity , which became a hallmark of national identity, was established in the 9th century. Bulgaria was ruled by the Byzantine Empire from to and the Ottoman Empire from to . In , Bulgaria adopted a democratic constitution and invited a German nobleman, Alexander of Battenberg , to be prince.

28. Bulgaria's History Brief history of bulgaria from the Thracians Kingdom and First bulgarian Kingdom true Today's bulgaria.Category Regional Europe bulgaria Society and Culture history......Search for your family at Ancestry.com! bulgaria'S history The oldest goldin the world bearing regal marks 4000 years BC. Thracian kingdoms. http://www.omda.bg/engl/common/history.htm

BULGARIA'S HISTORY The oldest gold in the world bearing regal marks - 4000 years BC. Thracian kingdoms. Alexander the Great and his father Philip. Roman Emperors and legions. The splendour of Byzantium. Asparoukh - the horseman from the Steppes. The year of 681 - the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Saint Prince Boris - conversion to Christianity. The Seven Saints: the brothers Cyril and Methodius and their five disciples Clement, Naoum, Angelarius, Gorazd, Sava - the inception of the Slavonic script, public worship and literature. The survival of the Bulgarian language and Christian faith in the context of battles against, rivalry and collaboration with the Muslims. Waging a war over Macedonia for more than a century. The Comintern and Stalin against Bulgaria. To learn more TODAY: Asparoukh - the Horseman from the Steppes Saint Prince Boris Cyril and Methodius The Seven Saints ... The Lake Town Archeological Site THE BALKANS Albanian identities The three Albanian communities and their perspectives – six months later Macedonia and Kosovo after the military operations Between adaptation and nostalgia: ... The First Bulgarian Kingdom Bulgaria Within the Borders of the Byzantine Empire The Second Bulgarian Kingdom Bulgaria - a Province of the Ottoman Empire The Revival of the Bulgarian Kingdom Capitalism ... Perspective of the Day

29. Bulgaria.com - History Of Bulgaria 681-1944 Extract from the book "bulgaria Illustrated history". Bojidar Dimitrov, PhD., Autor http://www.bulgaria.com/history/bulgaria

I NTRODUCTION T HE THRACIANS ... ULGARIAN CULTURE OVER THE PERIOD 1878 - 1944 Extract from the book "Bulgaria Illustrated History" Bojidar Dimitrov, PhD., Autor Vyara Kandjieva, Photographer Dimiter Angelov, Photographer Antoniy Handjiysky, Photographer Maria Nikolotva, Translator Published by BORIANA Publishing House, Sofia,Bulgaria BULGARIA.COM 2116 Walsh Avenue Suite C6 Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA Phone: (408)406-6811 FAX (408)378-7219 E-Mail: info@bulgaria.com Send mail to webmaster@bulgaria.com with questions or comments about this web site. Last modified: February 10, 1998

30. Bulgaria - A Brief History Outline - Bulgaria's Relation With The time they worked in was a critical period in bulgaria's history theOttoman invaders were pressing up against the country's borders. http://www.digsys.bg/books/history/bulga-relation.html

BULGARIA - a brief history outline Dimiter Markovski BULGARIA'S RELATIONS WITH BYZANTIUM These relations to a large extent determined the political situation in the Balkans. What we have in mind here are not the relations between two Balkan nations. Byzantium was an agglomeration of various ethnic communities - within her borders lived various Hellenized peoples, apart from the Greeks. In the multi-national empire, which stretched across three continents - Europe, Asia and Africa, the dominant language was Greek, which in the seventh century was made the official state and religious language. In this sense we can only conditionally differentiate between the Greek and Byzantine identity. The Greeks themselves, the Thracians, and the other Balkan peoples, were conquered by Rome. The Greeks called themselves Hellenes, and their country Hellas. The Romans were the first to call them Greeks - after the Grecoes, a small tribe in Epirus who were the most familiar to the Romans. This name was later adopted by the Slavs. The relations between Bulgaria and Byzantium from the foundation of the Bulgarian state in 681 to the end of the fourteenth century when Bulgaria was conquered by the Ottomans, had two major features. The Bulgarian rulers, on the one hand, aspired to conquer Constantinople and inherit the empire. On the other hand, the Byzantines regarded the Bulgarian state as temporarily holding imperial territory and tried by various means - wars, political dealing and manoeuvering, religion and culture, to subjugate it. Byzantium eventually succeeded in conquering the Bulgarian state and kept it for more tFian a century and a half - from 1018 to 1187. For this reason the history of Mediaeval Bulgaria is divided into three periods: the First Bulgarian Kingdom, Byzantine domination and the Second Bulgarian Kingdom.

31. History On Stamps DRAMATIC COMMEM. bulgaria. history. - UNLISTED. - FORGERIES. - PERFINS. - POSTAL STAT. http://home.no.net/bhb1/stamps.htm

32. History Detailed The 1930’s were a period of stable economic development in the country’s modernhistory. On the whole, bulgaria's military involvement in World War II http://www.omda.bg/engl/history/common_hist.htm

More: ON THE THRESHOLD OF HISTORY Founded in 681, Bulgaria is one of the oldest European states. However, in spite of its 13-century-old tradition, it is an “infant” compared to the history of civilization in the present-day Bulgarian lands. These areas had been populated as early as the Palaeolithic period. Here, in the neighbourhood of the town of Montana, a 6800-year-old inscription has been discovered (cf. the ancient Egyptian script dates back to about the end of the 4th millennium A.D.). This is a stone tablet on which 24 signs (still undeciphered) are written in four lines. And near the Black Sea port of Varna the oldest (Copper Age) gold treasure in Europe was found in 1972. Among the articles, whose overall weight is 1516 g, there are some regal symbols, which means that even in most ancient times there existed some, though unknown, form of statehood. The ethnic identity of the people who had created these masterpieces is also obscure. THRACIANS, HELLENES, ROMANS Evidence from the literate age indicates that the oldest native population of Eastern Thrace were the Thracians. This people, the most numerous next to the Indian one, as reported by Herodotus, provided the classical antiquity with gods and goddesses like Dionysus, Hephaestus, Artemis, Kibela, Ares... Orpheus and Spartacus are Thracians. Thracians fought in the Trojan War on the side of the Achaeans. There is no doubt that Thracian culture is part of the foundations of modern civilization. The largest gold treasures in the Bulgarian museums today are Thracian. This gold is only one of the material tokens of the legacy received by the Bulgarians from their great Thracian ancestors.

33. WWW-VL History Index: Bulgaria WWWVL history Index site providing links for Bosnia WWW-VL history bulgaria. Click here for http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/europe/bulgaria.html

WWW-VL: HISTORY: BULGARIA Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue The WWW-VL search facility. Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Maps Map Collection Relief Political Geographic Information System (GIS) of Bulgaria Gazetteers Location of Cities and Towns Language Bulgarian-English-Bulgarian Dictionary [requires Bulgarian fonts] Rechnik's Bulgarian-English-Bulgarian Dictionary [provides Cyrillic encoding facilities] Download Cyrillic Fonts Newspapers Capital [English Version Available] Ghost Forest , by Zlatko Enev [a multi-media site, centering on the downloadable (50Mb) audio-book of the children's book The Ghost Forest in Bulgarian. Bibliography Bulgaria Internet Resources Bulgaria on the Internet The Bulgarian Universe A Reader's Guide to Bulgaria , by John Bell Travel-Bulgaria Biography Bulgaria.com Who is Who His Majesty King Boris III of Bulgaria, the King Unifier and Saviour of the Bulgarian Jews Vassil Levsky (1837-1873) 1 Vassil Levsky 2 ... Vassil Levsky 3 Universities Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"

34. Bulgaria.com - Rulers Of Bullgaria 681-1996 Extract from the book Rulers of bulgaria . Text by Profesor Hadjitanev. Publishedby Kibea Publishing Company, Sofia, bulgaria. , . bulgaria.COM http://www.bulgaria.com/history/rulers/

Khan Kubrat (632-651) Khan Asparoukh (681-700) Khan Tarvel (700-721) Khan Kardam (777-803) ... Zhelyu Zhelev 1990 - 1996 Extract from the book "Rulers of Bulgaria" Text by Profesor Milcho Lalkov, Ph.D. Design by Krassimira Despotova Illustrations by Tekla Alexieva, Buyan Filchev and Hristo Hadjitanev Published by Kibea Publishing Company, Sofia, Bulgaria BULGARIA.COM 2116 Walsh Avenue Suite C6 Santa Clara, CA 95050 Phone: 1(408)406-6811 FAX 1(408)748-0596 E-Mail: info@bulgaria.com Send mail to webmaster@bulgaria.com with questions or comments about this web site.

35. Bulgaria - A Brief History Outline by Dimiter Markovski.Category Regional Europe bulgaria Society and Culture history......bulgaria a brief history outline. Dimiter Markovski. CONTENTS. IntorductionThe Year 681 The Thracians The Slavs The Protobulgarian http://www.digsys.bg/books/history/

B ulgaria a brief history outline Dimiter Markovski C O N T E N T S Intorduction The Year 681 The Thracians The Slavs ... The ninth of September, 1944

36. World Travel Guide - Bulgaria - History And Government World Travel Guide bulgaria - history Government - includes information on the constitution and politics. history Despite a turbulent history, bulgaria is the oldest surviving state in Europe to have kept its original name http://www.wtgonline.com/data/bgr/bgr580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Europe/Bulgaria/HistoryandGovernment'; WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE .NET GUIDES World Travel Guide World City Guide World Airport Guide World Cruise Guide ... World Weather TOOLS Holiday Brochures Mini Guide Online Bookstore World Clock ... Reservations APPENDICES How to Use This Guide Health Disabled Travellers Buddhism ... Travel Warnings LANGUAGES Deutsch Dutch Español Français ... Bulgaria History and Government History: In the 19th century, Bulgarian nationalists began to organise, noting the decline of the Ottoman empire and in expectation of eventual independence. Following an uprising in 1876, Bulgarian volunteer forces, with strong Russian support, defeated the Turks and in 1878 were able to establish an independent state under the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano. The remaining years of the century were fairly chaotic as the restored monarchy and newly-formed political parties jostled for position. The most important developments were the emergence of a strong socialist movement, and the politicisation of the rural population, organised around the Bulgarian Agrarian Union. King Ferdinand was the dominant figure in Bulgarian politics up to World War I, but was discredited thereafter due to his support for Germans. Government: Legislative power is held by the 240-seat National Assembly, whose members are directly elected for maximum four-year terms by proportional representation. The Assembly elects a Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers assists the President of the Republic, who as head of state wields supreme executive power and who is also directly elected for a five-year term.

37. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Bulgaria | History The modern history of bulgaria and the bulgarian little brother complexin relation to Russia - dates from this 1878 liberation. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/bulgaria/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Bulgaria History In antiquity, Bulgaria, the land of Orpheus and Spartacus, belonged to the Kingdom of Macedonia. By 46 BC, the Romans had conquered the whole peninsula, which they inhabited until invasions by Thraco-Illyrian tribes left the area a devastated wasteland. Peaceful Slavic farmers grazed in during the 6th century. In 679, the Bulgars, a fierce Turkic tribe, crossed the Danube to found the First Bulgarian Empire; they then expanded south at Byzantium's expense before finally conquering Macedonia in the 9th century. The Bulgars were eventually assimilated by the more numerous Slavs, and adopted their language and way of life. In 865 a Byzantine monk who painted a picture of hell on the palace walls managed to frighten Tsar Boris I into accepting Orthodox Christianity. In 870 the Bulgarian Church became independent with its own patriarch, which encouraged Tsar Simeon (893-927) to expand his kingdom through Serbia to the Adriatic Sea. Simeon's kingdom shrank again when he overstretched his covetous hands toward the Byzantine crown. This weakened Bulgaria, making it susceptible to the Byzantine emperor, Basil II, who had the eyes of 15,000 Bulgarian soldiers put out after a decisive victory in 1014. Bulgaria passed to Byzantine rule four years later. The Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1396) was founded after two brothers, Asen and Peter, led a general uprising against Byzantium. Swollen with renewed confidence, the new empire covered all of Thrace, Macedonia and Albania. It was gnawed away over the next two centuries by the Tatars and then the Turks. By the end of the 14th century, the Turks controlled all of Bulgaria, beginning five centuries of Ottoman rule.

38. The Infography About Bulgaria -- History Superlative sources selected by a professor who specializes in the study ofthe history of bulgaria. THE INFOGRAPHY, bulgaria history. http://www.infography.com/content/512228561338.html

Search The Infography: Bulgaria History A professor whose research specialty is the history of Bulgaria recommends these sources. Six Superlative Sources Bell, John D. Peasants in Power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899-1923. Princeton University Press, 1977. Black, Cyril Edwin. The Establishment of Constitutional Government in Bulgaria. Princeton University Press, 1943. Crampton, R.J. Bulgaria, 1878-1918: A History. East European Monographs. Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1983. Sanders, Irwin Taylor. Balkan Village. University of Kentucky Press, 1970. Stoyanoff, Zachary. Pages from the Autobiography of a Bulgarian Insurgent. E. Arnold, 1913. Vazov, Ivan Minchov. Under the Yoke. Twayne Publishers, 1971. Other Excellent Sources BOOKS IN ENGLISH Boll, Michael M. Cold War in the Balkans: American Foreign Policy and the Emergence of Communist Bulgaria, 1943-1947. University Press of Kentucky, 1984. Chary, Frederick B. The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution, 1940-1944. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972. Crampton, R.J. A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

39. Embassy Of Bulgaria, Washington D.C. - About Bulgaria - History Read about this tragic part of bulgarian history in Modern history Sourcebook Sir JanuariusA. MacGahan from Ohio, better known as the Liberator of bulgaria. http://www.bulgaria-embassy.org/About Bulgaria/History.htm

A Note on Bulgarian History National Palace of Culture in Sofia The Thracian ruler and the noble Thracian woman from the "Funerary Feast" scene - Thracian Tomb near Kazanlak (5th - 3rd Century B.C.). Along crossroads of civilizations (archaeological finds date back to 4600 B.C.), Bulgaria was first recognized as an independent state in AD 681. Bulgarian Orthodox Christanity, which became a hallmark of national identity, was established in the 9th century. By the late 9th and 10th centuries, Bulgaria had become the strongest nation in Eastern Europe. Its power declined during the following centuries because of internal strife and external pressure from Magyars, Serbs, Russians, and the Byzantine Empire. Bulgaria was ruled by the Byzantine Empire from 1018 to 1185 and the Ottoman Empire from 1396 to 1878. During these five centuries, Bulgaria’s political and cultural identity was almost obliterated. Read about this tragic part of Bulgarian history in Modern History Sourcebook: Sir Edwin Pears: The Massacre of Bulgarians, 1876

40. Jewish Heritage bulgaria's history of Tolerance. Tzar Ivan Alexander and his Jewish wifeSarah. Read more about this period of the history of bulgaria here. http://www.bulgaria-embassy.org/About Bulgaria/Jewish Heritage.htm

Bulgaria's History of Tolerance Tzar Ivan Alexander and his Jewish wife Sarah. In between - their son Ivan Shishman, the last Bulgarian ruler Medieval miniature, 14th century At a time when the neighboring Balkans are engulfed in the mire of ethnic hatred, Bulgaria stands as a living symbol of a country where tolerance and human rights are values deeply ingrained in society and culture. Respect for human rights and tolerance toward ethnic and religious minorities has been deeply ingrained in the history and culture of Bulgaria during the 20th century. For example, Bulgarians welcomed thousands of Armenians during the early years of the 20th century, when they were subject to suffering and persecution in any countries. Then, during the darkest days of the Holocaust, Bulgarians demonstrated a remarkable example of courage and heroism when they acted to save the country’s Jewish population, estimated at 50,000 persons, from deportation to Nazi concentration camps. Bulgaria was allied with Germany in the Second World War. In 1940, it gave into intensive German pressure to the enact Nuremberg-type racism laws in Bulgaria. In reality, the laws were never really enforced. Adolf Hitler’s doctrine was alien and incomprehensible to the vast majority of Bulgarians. Then, in March 1943, when deportation trains were waiting to take Bulgaria’s Jews to concentration camps, Bulgarians defied Germany and ordered the expulsions canceled. Instead of being sent to the camps, Bulgaria’s Jews were sent into the provinces from the capital city of Sofia. Many were assigned to public works projects. At the end of the Second World War, not a single Bulgarian Jew had been deported or killed in the Holocaust.

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