61. :: Regions >BULGARIA> History :: UEP-Phoniatrics bulgaria. Dosjo Doskov, Sofia. The founder of the Phoniatria in bulgariawas the deceased Professor Maximov. As assistant at http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~hno/uep/Continents/europe/bulgaria/

Bulgaria Dosjo Doskov, Sofia A phoniatric control in the leading cultural institutions (opera, musical theatres, ect.) was implemented (Dr. Beneva, Dr. Moskov, Prof. Doskov). In 1973 Scientific Institute of ENT at the Medical Academy, Sofia was founded with help of the Director of the Institute - Prof. Vl. Pavlov, the consulting phoniatric office grew into a phoniatric sector with chief - Prof. Doskov, which has a modern phonological laboratory, possibilities for hospitalisation, and two offices. More than 8000 patients with different voice pathology are treated, and more than 100 phonosurgical operations annually are held in the sector. For the first time in our country, a voice rehabilitation of all voice problems, as well as a treatment of laryngectomy patients are held. A professional choice of applicants and the National Academy of Theatre and Film Arts, major choirs in the country implemented. It is necessary to point out the dissertation of Assoc. Prof. Golemanov: Senile changes in the auditory, olfactory and gustatory analysers and the voice (`197 ), Phonopedic rehabilitation of the laryngectomy patients (Assoc. Prof. D. Doskov, 1983), Computer analysis of laryngeal diseases (Assoc. Prof. L. Drumeva, 1990), Diagnostic possibilities of stroboscopy tomography and phonosurgery concerning nodosus formatios, precancers of the glottis (Assoc. Prof. Iv. Karov 1990), New methods for studying the voice in normal and pathological condition(Assoc. Prof. D. Doskov 1998).

62. Jewish History Of Bulgaria Jewish history of bulgaria. http://www.heritagefilms.com/BULGARIA.html

Jewish History of Bulgaria Ancient Period Byzantine and Bulgar Rule Turkish Rule Independent Bulgaria ... In the 1980 and 1990s BULGARIA, East Balkan republic located along the Black Sea. top Ancient Period Embassy to Gaius , par. 281). A late-second century Latin inscription found at the village of Gigen on the shore of the Danube (near Nikopol, the site of the ancient Roman settlement Oescus) bearing a menorah testifies to the existence of a Jewish community. The Latin inscription mentions the archisynagogos Joseph. Theodosius I's decree to the governors of Thrace and Illyria in 379 shows that Jews were persecuted in these areas and synagogues destroyed. top Byzantine and Bulgar Rule Sh and Ts . It is believed that Cyril made his translations of parts of the Bible from the Hebrew original. The largest part of the Bulgarian Jewish community before the 15th century belonged to the Byzantine (Romaniot) Jewish rite. Only a minority spoke Bulgarian. The Romaniots had their own special prayer book, which eventually was replaced by the Sephardi prayer book. They regarded the sending of gifts from the groom to the bride as part of the marriage ceremony, and if the bride did not later marry the sender of the gifts, she had, in their opinion, to receive a divorce (get) Massa Melekh Many Jews went to Bulgaria from Hungary after the expulsion of 1376. These Hungarian Jews kept their own particular customs, but later adopted the customs of the other Ashkenazim, and eventually all of them adopted Sephardi customs and spoke Ladino. A famous contemporary sage was Rabbi Shalom Ashkenazi of Neustadt, who founded a yeshivah at Vidin. His pupil Rabbi Dosa the Greek wrote in 1430

63. About Bulgaria About bulgaria history history bulgaria's name is derived from a Turkic people,the Bulgars, who originated in the steppe north of the Caspian Sea. http://www.russalka-holidays.com/bulgaria/history.htm

General information Geography and climate History Vissas ... Other resorts About Bulgaria - History History A fully independent Bulgarian kingdom, proclaimed September 22, 1908, participated in an anti-Ottoman coalition that defeated the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War (1912). The coalition soon dissolved over territorial disputes, however, and Bulgaria was isolated and defeated quickly in the Second Balkan War (1913) by Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, and Turkey. It later allied itself with Germany in World Wars I and II and suffered defeats twice more. Bulgaria's involvement in these wars was partly due to its ambitions for an outlet to the Aegean Sea and its desire to annex Macedonian and Thracian territory held by Greece, Yugoslavia, and Turkey. Although Bulgaria declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom during World War II, it did not declare war on the Soviet Union. In August 1944, Bulgarian emissaries opened talks in Cairo with Allied representatives, seeking to take Bulgaria out of the war. On September 5, 1944, while these talks were still under way, the Soviet Union declared war on Bulgaria. Communist rule in Bulgaria began September 9, 1944, when a communist-dominated coalition, called the Fatherland Front, seized power from the coalition government formed to arrange an armistice with the Allies. At the same time, Soviet forces were marching into the country without resistance. Communist power, consolidated in the next 3 years, led to the adoption on December 4, 1947, of the so-called Dimitrov Constitution, modeled after that of the U.S.S.R.

64. World Travel Guide - Bulgaria - History & Government World Travel Guide bulgaria - history Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/bgr/bgr580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Maps Regions and Cities Central Bulgaria The Black Sea Coast Winter Resorts National Parks ... Bulgaria History and Government History: In the 19th century, Bulgarian nationalists began to organise, noting the decline of the Ottoman empire and in expectation of eventual independence. Following an uprising in 1876, Bulgarian volunteer forces, with strong Russian support, defeated the Turks and in 1878 were able to establish an independent state under the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano. The remaining years of the century were fairly chaotic as the restored monarchy and newly-formed political parties jostled for position. The most important developments were the emergence of a strong socialist movement, and the politicisation of the rural population, organised around the Bulgarian Agrarian Union. King Ferdinand was the dominant figure in Bulgarian politics up to World War I, but was discredited thereafter due to his support for Germans. The popular Agrarian leader Aleksandur Stambolyiski, imprisoned by Ferdinand, formed a reformist government which lasted until 1923, when it was overthrown in a right-wing coup. The government of Alexander Tsankov, which replaced Stambolyiski's administration, established a royalist-militarist government with King Boris as head of state. The Communists had launched several unsuccessful uprisings, but their chance came towards the end of World War II when - having been relatively unaffected by the fighting - Soviet forces entered the country in 1944. King Boris conveniently died, and the Soviet-backed Fatherland Front seized power. The monarchy was abolished and a republic declared. The Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, took 70 per cent of the vote in a national plebiscite.

65. Bulgaria - Culture & History Bill Biega's. Eastern Europe Travel Planner bulgaria Culture history. EasternEurope Travel Planner Index. bulgaria - history A short history of bulgaria. http://goeasteurope.about.com/library/travel/blt_bg5.htm

zfp=-1 About Travel Eastern Europe for Visitors Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Eastern Europe for Visitors with Apply Now Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Build a website to show off your fabulous trip. Start here! brought to you by About Web Services Subjects ESSENTIALS Travel Planner Index City Tours Spas in East Europe ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Bill Biega's Eastern Europe Travel Planner Eastern Europe Travel Planner Index Bulgaria has a rich history which goes back to ancient Grecian and Roman times. As a result it possesses many marvelous cultural treasures in its numerous archeological sites, monasteries and museums. For detailed information, use the following carefully selected sources. Marteniza The Bulgarian equivalent of a Valentine - given with good wishes on March 1. Bulgaria - History A short history of Bulgaria History and Customs A very long article tracing Bulgarian culture and history from prehistoric times. Some great pictures Burgas Art Gallery Good photos of ancient Icons in this important museum.

66. World66.com's Travel Guide To Bulgaria bulgaria history. Europe http://www.world66.com/Page.Asp?Loc=252&Sec=630

67. History and great peoples which wrote the pages of its turbulent history bronze and onlythree states in Europe in 681 The Western Roman Empire, bulgaria, and The http://www.travel-bulgaria.com/content/history.shtml

Related Topics Explore Bulgaria Old Capitals Monasteries Icons ... Religion More about... Sofia Siteseeings Sofia Museums Plovdiv Siteseeings Plovdiv Museums ... Veliko Turnovo Museums History The Bulgarian lands are ancient crossroads. It remembers many ancient civilizations and great peoples which wrote the pages of its turbulent history: bronze and iron spears and arrows, ruins of palaces and cities, wise words carved on rocks and stone columns, written on parchment and leather. The Thracians bequeathed us the famous tombs near Kazanluk and Sveshtari, the unique gold treasures from Panagyurishte and Rogozen. The Hellenes built the beautiful coastal towns of Apollonia, Anhialo and Messambria, and Romans - ancient Aescus, Nikopolis ad Istrum and Nove. Huns, Gothes and Averas later passes through our lands. Around the mid-7th century the Slavs came from the north across the Danube and reached as far as the Black Sea and the Adriatic. They were followed by the Bulgarians of Khan Asparouh... In fact, there were only three states in Europe in 681: The Western Roman Empire, BULGARIA, and The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)... RENT A CAR IN BULGARIA More than 100 cars, vans, jeeps

68. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Bulgaria. history Despite a turbulent history, bulgaria is the oldest surviving statein Europe to have kept its original name, and most of the population are http://www.1uptravel.com/international/europe/bulgaria/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Europe Bulgaria ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History Despite a turbulent history, Bulgaria is the oldest surviving state in Europe to have kept its original name, and most of the population are descendants of the Bulgar invasion of the south Danube around that time. Culture In the Middle Ages (especially in the 10th and 11th centuries), Bulgaria was the center of Slavic culture. Over the centuries Bulgarian culture has been influenced successively by Byzantine, Greek, Russian, and Western cultures. Acknowledgements: ASIATRAVELMART.COM

69. Bulgaria - Travel Tips In the course of almost 5 centuries bulgaria was under Ottoman rule. initiated bythe work of the monk Paisiy Hilendarski Slavbulgarian history , written in http://www.albena.com/infotips/history.asp

Home Page Hotels Community Free Stuff ... About Reservations Hotels Albena Golden sands Sunny beach ... National cuisine Community Forums Photos Learn Bulgarian Free Stuff Screensavers Calendars Postcards About Us Company Info Contact Us Links FAQ ... Recommend us History Under the reign of Khan Tervel (700-718) Bulgaria expanded in territory and rose to a higher political standing. Under Khan Kroum (803-814) Bulgaria bordered on the west with the empire of Charlemagne and on the east the Bulgarian troops reached the walls of Constantinople. In 864 under Knyaz Boris I Mihail (852-889) the Bulgarian people adopted Christianity as official religion. At the end of the 9th C. the students of Constantin-Cyril the Philosopher and his brother Methodius - founders of the Slavonic alphabet, came to Bulgaria. Here they enjoyed favourable working conditions and soon undertook large-scale educational and literary activities. Ohrid and Pliska, and later the new capital Veliki Preslav became centres of the Bulgarian and, generally speaking, the Slavonic culture. The reigh of Tsar Simeon (893-917) was the "golden age of Bulgarian culture", when the state expanded to reach the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Under the successors of Simeon the state weakened by reason of internal turmoil; there spread the heretical teaching of the Bogomils that exerted influence over the heresy of the Cathars and the Albigenses in Western Europe.

70. History Of Tatarstan menu. Chronology of the Main Events Volga bulgaria Kazan Khanate Annexation of KazanKhanate to Russian State Kazan of the XIX and XX centuries history of Kazan. http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/history/

Chronology of the Main Events Volga Bulgaria Kazan Khanate Annexation of Kazan Khanate to Russian State Chronology of the Main Events Volga Bulgaria Kazan Khanate Annexation of Kazan Khanate to Russian State ... Kazan State University

71. History Of Tatarstan. Volga Bulgaria Bulgars had their own scientists and poets. Jakub ibnNogman who wrote The history of bulgaria lived in the first half of XII century. http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/history/h_bulge.html

72. Bulgaria - A Brief History Outline - The Thracians bulgaria a brief history outline Dimiter Markovski. THE THRACIANS.were a conglomerate of numerous tribes. The formation of the http://www.eunet.bg/books/history/thracians.html

BULGARIA - a brief history outline Dimiter Markovski THE THRACIANS During the first millennium B.C. the Thracian tribes were a relatively unified tribal entity. Their history can be classified in two main periods: the first one dates from the end of the second millennium B.C. until the end of the 6th century B.C. During this period, and particularly after the eighth century B.C., Greek colonizers began to settle along the Aegean and Black Sea littoral. Quite a number of Greek city-colonies had Thracian names, including Byzantion- later the famous capital of Byzantium (Greek settlers from the town of Megara formed this colony, naming it after Byzas the Thracian). The second period, from the end of the 6th century until the turn of the 3rd century B.C. was the Golden Age of the Thracian state and culture. According to Herodotus, the Thracians were a multitudinous people. Compared to the Greek city-states, whose total population numbered around 200-250 thousand, the tribal nucleus of the Thracian ethnos alone, the people living between the Danube and the Aegean Sea, numbered around one million throughout the first millennium B.C., according to rough estimates. The biggest state alliance of the Thracians, the state of Odrys, existed from the beginning of the fifth century B.C. until the beginning of the third century B.C. Its first capital was situated somewhere along the lower reaches of the Maritsa River. In mid-fourth century B.C., this state disintegrated into three smaller alliances of which the one with the capital of Seuthopolis (in the area of present-day Kazanluk) survived longest.

73. Balkan Info Home During the nearly 500 years of the Ottoman Yoke, bulgaria's national customs and Monasteryon Mt Athos, used medieval texts to prepare a history of his people http://www.b-info.com/places/Bulgaria/ref/history.shtml

Links News Places Studies ... A Reader's Guide to Bulgaria Sidebar on: Bulgarian History The First Bulgarian Kingdom Ancient Thracian, Greek, and Roman civilizations have each left their mark on the Bulgarian lands, but the story of the modern Bulgarian people began with the Slavic migrations into the Balkan Peninsula in the 6th and 7th centuries. The name "Bulgaria" comes from the Bulgars , a Turkic people who migrated from the steppe north of the Black Sea, conquered the Slavic tribes and founded the First Bulgarian Kingdom in 681. The Bulgars were absorbed in the larger Slavic population, a process that was facilitated by the adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Boris I in the 9th century. Under Boris's son, Tsar Simeon I , the kingdom reached the height of its power, and its capital, Preslav , was said to rival Constantinople in the vigor of its commercial and intellectual life. Bulgaria declined under Simeon's successors, and in 1014 the Byzantine emperor Basil II won a battle over the Bulgarian army after which he ordered 14,000 prisoners to be blinded. For this Basil II took the title "Bulgaroktonus," or Bulgar slayer, and Bulgaria was ruled by Byzantium until 1185. In that year the brothers Ivan and Peter Asen launched a successful revolt that led to the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom with its capital at Turnovo . Under Tsar Ivan Asen II (r. 1218-41) Bulgaria again dominated most of the Balkans, but by the end of the century the state was weakened by peasant revolt and attacks from Mongols, Serbs, and finally succumbed to the invasion of the Ottoman Turks.

74. History And Mission - American University In Bulgaria in Western higher education are being recruited from bulgaria and from history MissionStatement President's Address Student Commencement Speakers Record of http://www.aubg.bg/dbtext/text.php?i=10

75. Library History - American University In Bulgaria research needs. It also serves as a model of modern library practiceto the academic community in bulgaria and Eastern Europe. The http://www.aubg.bg/library/text.php?i=511

76. The Sofia Echo - Bulgaria's English-language Newspaper - Prehistory As part of the relentlessly dynamic Balkan Peninsula, bulgaria is and cultural,economic and political crossroads, and throughout history has consequently http://www.sofiaecho.com/history01.php

April 04, 2003 IN THIS ISSUE News Business Features People ... Classifieds ABOUT BULGARIA GENERAL Government History Politics Visa Info ... Useful Numbers SOFIA Sights Day Trips Transport Going out ... Venue Finder BUSINESS Overview Taxation Legal Issues Privatisation ... DISCUSSION BOARD var q=0; Issue 14 : April 4 to 10, 2003 History >> Prehistory Prehistory The Thracians The Macedonians, Romans and Slavs The Bulgars and the First Bulgarian Kingdom ... Webfactory Ltd.

77. History Of Bulgaria The state of bulgaria has 1300 years old history and it is rankedthird for the number of its archaeological monuments. http://www.motoroads.com/why_bul_history.html

Nature Treasures History Culture ... Guides isMenuSet = true; Monasteries Treasures Economy Culture ... Nature History Info Kazanlak tomb Satyr on a bronze sitala Mural painting Madara horseman Rogozen treasure BULGARIAN HISTORY The Bulgarian lands are ancient crossroads. They were populated from remote antiquity and remember many ancient civilizations. The state of Bulgaria has 1300 years old history and according to the statistics it is ranked third (after Greece and Italy) for the number of its archaeological monuments. The earliest inhabitants of the present Bulgarian lands were the Thracians Ancient Greek historian Herodotus describes the Thracians as the second biggest tribe in the Ancient world, after the Indians. The most famous Thracians were Spartacus and Orpheus. Spartucus was born on the territory of present-day town of Sandanski (south-western Bulgaria) and as an adolescent was sold into slavery in ancient Rome. Later he became the legendary gladiator that led the biggest slave uprising in the Antiquity. Orpheus is known for his incredible talent as a musician and singer. He was born near the present village of Guella in the Rhodope Mountain a little before the Trojan war. The legend tells that he was the greatest singer of all time and even the wild animals stopped to listen to his music. Also he took part in the guest of the Argonauts together with Jason and Heracles.

78. Who's Who In Medieval History - Boris I Of Bulgaria of Patriarch Photios on Constantinople to Khan Boris of bulgaria by Despina people,maps, castles, Early Europe, the Carolingian Empire, general history of the http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwboris1.htm

zfp=-1 About History Medieval History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Medieval History with Melissa Snell Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Reference Tools Byzantine Studies Europe Great Britain ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Boris I of Bulgaria King Military Leader Saint Europe: Bulgaria Boris inherited a large territory that was home to both Bulgars and Slavs, and the introduction of Christianity into his kingdom helped unite the disparate groups with a single religion. His long reign also witnessed the advent of Slavonic literature and the establishment of the first centers of Slav-Bulgarian education. Boris' actions would be instrumental in uniting the Bulgarian ethnic community. He was canonized by the Orthodox Church. Important Dates Died: May 2 On the Web Biographical The Baptizer Brief examination of the significance of Boris' reign, at Wonderland Bulgaria.

79. Parallel History Project On NATO And The Warsaw Pact Introduction, by Jordan Baev; Review of CD Documentary Volume bulgaria in the Contentsof this website Copyright 19992002 Parallel history Project on NATO and http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_2.htm

The Irresistible Collapse of the Warsaw Pact: Documents from Bulgarian Archives, 1985-91 Introduction Introduction , by Jordan Baev Review of CD Documentary Volume "Bulgaria in the Warsaw Pact" National Security and the Future 2, no. 1 (2000): 163-64 Gen. T. Boyadjiev Documents Documents I: Firmness with Change (1985-1986) Documents II: Belated Attempts at a Warsaw Pact Perestroika (1987-1989) Documents III: Inevitable Dissolution (1990-1991) Note: This site is best viewed with Internet Explorer 4.5 or later. All documents are in PDF format. You will need to download and install the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view.

80. History Of The Mission Current Issues. history of the Mission. Deputy Chief of Mission. US Ambassadorto bulgaria. James William Pardew. Ambassador American Embassy Sofia, bulgaria. http://www.usembassy.bg/mission/ambassador.html

History of the Mission Deputy Chief of Mission List of Key Officers Human Resources Office ... 2003 Holiday Schedule Statements by Ambassador James W. Pardew Archive Remarks by Ambassador James W. Pardew Regional Meeting of the AmChams of Southeast Europe February 20, 2003 Remarks by Ambassador James W. Pardew at "G.S.Rakovsky" Defence and Staff College February 11, 2003 "We Prefer a Peaceful Solution for Iraq" An Interview of Georgi Gotev, Sega Daily, with the Ambassador of the U.S. James Pardew February 5, 2003 U.S. Ambassador to Bulgaria James William Pardew Ambassador American Embassy Sofia, Bulgaria /Bulgarian Text/ James William Pardew was sworn in as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Bulgaria on April 12, 2002. He subsequently presented his credentials to President Purvanov on May 13, 2002.

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