41. Disease Information: Cholera - Travel Medicine Program - PPHB - Health Canada If you are an international traveller, learn more about cholera worldwide, alongwith the latest Health Canada recommendations on prevention. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/tmp-pmv/info/cholera_e.html

Cholera Know before you go! Disease profile Transmission Geographic distribution ... Travel Health Advisories Disease Information Cholera November 2000 Know before you go! Infectious diseases not necessarily common in Canada can occur and may even be widespread in other countries. Standards of hygiene and medical care may differ from those at home. Before departure, you should learn about the health conditions in the country or countries you plan to visit, your own risk of disease and the steps you can take to prevent illness. The risk is yours Your risk of acquiring a disease depends on several factors. They include your age, gender, immunization status and current state of health; your itinerary, duration and style of travel (e.g., first class, adventure) and anticipated travel activities (e.g., animal contact, exposure to fresh water, sexual contact); as well as the local disease situation. Risk assessment consultation Health Canada strongly recommends that your travel plans include contacting a travel medicine clinic or physician 6 to 8 weeks before departure. Based on your individual risk assessment, a health care professional can determine your need for immunizations and/or preventive medication (prophylaxis) and advise you on precautions to avoid disease. We can help you locate a travel medicine clinic closest to your home.

42. ENN News Story cholera and the age of the water barons Tuesday, February 04, 2003By the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists http://www.enn.com/news/2003-02-03/s_2479.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Cholera and the age of the water barons 04 February 2003 By the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists This is the first segment in a 10-part series. When cholera appeared on South Africa's Dolphin Coast in August 2000, officials first assumed it was just another of the sporadic outbreaks that have long stricken the country's eastern seaboard. But as the epidemic spread, it turned out to be a chronicle of death foretold by blind ideology. Making people pay the full cost of their water "was the direct cause of the cholera epidemic," David Hemson, a social scientist sent by the government to investigate the outbreak, said in an interview. "There is no doubt about that." The investigation shows that these companies have often worked closely with the World Bank, lobbying governments and international trade and standards organizations for changes in legislation and trade agreements to force the privatization of public waterworks. "We must be extremely careful not to impose market forces on water because there are many more decisions that go into managing water; there are environmental decisions, social-culture decisions," said David Boys of the U.K.-based Public Services International. "If you commodify water and bring in market forces which will control it and sideline any other concern other than profit, you are going to lose the ability to control it."

43. Love In The Time Of Cholera enter! http://www.bugempire.com/timeofcholera/

44. CHOLERA cholera. cholera (from the Gr. xp\r, K ile, and peav, to flow), the name givento two distinct forms of disease, simple cholera and malignant cholera. http://86.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CH/CHOLERA.htm

document.write(""); CHOLERA SIMPLE CHOLERA (synonyms, Cholera Europaea, British Cholera, Summer or Autumnal Cholera) is the cholera of ancient medical writers, as is apparent from the accurate description of the disease given by Hippocrates, Celsus and Aretaeus. Its occurrence hi an epidemic form was noticed by various physicians in the i6th century, and an admirable account of the disease was subsequently given by Thomas Sydenham in 1669-1672. This disease is sometimes called Cholera Nostras, the word nostras, which is good Latin and used by Cicero, meaning " belonging to our country." The relations between it and Asiatic cholera (see below) are obscure. Clinically they may exactly resemble each other, and bacteriology has not been able to draw an absolute line between them. The real difference is epidemio-logical, cholera nostras having no epidemic significance. Attacks of this kind are of frequent occurrence in summer and autumn in almost all countries. They appear specially liable to occur when cold and damp alternate with heat. Occasionally the disorder prevails so extensively as to constitute an epidemic. The exciting causes of an attack are in many cases errors in diet, particularly the use of unripe fruit and new vegetables, and the excessive drinking of cold liquids during perspiration. Outbreaks of this disorder in a household or community can sometimes be traced to the use of impure water, or to noxious emanations from the sewers. In the treatment, vomiting should be encouraged so long as it shows the presence of undigested food, after which opiates ought to be administered. Small opium pills, or Dover's powder, or the aromatic powder of chalk with opium, are likely to be retained in the stomach, and will generally succeed in allaying the pain and diarrhoea, while ice and effervescing drinks serve

45. Cholera - Wikipedia cholera. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. cholera is a diseaseof the intestinal tract caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Cholera From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Cholera is a disease of the intestinal tract caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium . These bacteria are typically ingested by drinking water contaminated by improper sanitation or by eating improperly cooked fish, especially shell fish. Symptoms include diarrhea , abdominal cramps, nausea vomiting , and dehydration. Iti is treated with rehydration and antibiotics , but in severe cases, cholera can lead to death. About one million Vibrio cholerae bacteria must be ingested to cause cholera in normally healthy adults, although increased susceptibility may be observed in those with weakened immune systems, individuals with decreased gastric acidity (as from the use of antacids ), or those who are malnourished.

46. Cholera Vaccination cholera vaccine is of limited effectiveness and is no longer officially requiredfor travel. Subscribe now . cholera Vaccination. No Longer Officially Required. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/907104196.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Travel Medicine By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Cholera Vaccination No Longer Officially Required A severe outbreak of cholera started in Peru several years ago and spread through South America to Central America and Mexico. Also, separate outbreaks frequently occur in Africa and India. More than 40 countries throughout the world report active cholera infection within their borders. Even where the disease is rampant, vaccination against cholera is of limited effectiveness and is not recommended for travelers. The vaccine is not effective at all against the Bengal strain of cholera found in India and neighboring countries. Following standard food and water precautions and avoiding high risk foods such as uncooked seafood and shellfish should be adequate to prevent you from getting the illness. A new oral cholera vaccine awaiting FDA approval is currently available in some foreign countries may be useful for also protecting against the more common traveler's diarrhea. Both the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control now report that no country officially requires cholera vaccination for arriving travelers under International Health Regulations. Travelers need to be aware, however, that border officials in some countries may not always follow their official government policies and may occasionally ask for proof of vaccination if arriving from infected areas. Such countries reported to have unofficial policies include Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, and Tanzania. Prospective tourists to these countries may want to carry proof of vaccination (even if they did not actually receive the vaccine), or a formal letter from their physician stating that the vaccine is medically contraindicated. All travelers should avoid being vaccinated once they arrive in these countries since vaccines may be administered with contaminated equipment increasing the risk for acquiring AIDS or Hepatitis B.

47. Cholera By keywords cholera infection. Receive HealthLink via email! Subscribenow . cholera. What is cholera? cholera is a bacterial http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/954988124.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Digestive System Infections/Infectious Diseases Travel Medicine By keywords: cholera infection Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Cholera What is cholera? Cholera is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. The bacterium is called Vibrio cholera . Although cholera is a very rare disease today, six worldwide outbreaks were documented between 1817 and 1911 that resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Currently, only a few cases are reported in the United States each year. Who gets cholera? While cholera is a rare disease, those who may be at risk include people traveling to foreign countries where outbreaks are occurring and people who consume raw or undercooked seafood from warm coastal waters subject to sewage contamination. In both instances, the risk is quite small. How is the bacteria spread? The cholera bacteria is passed in the stools (feces). It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by the fecal waste of an infected person. This occurs more often in underdeveloped countries lacking adequate water supplies and proper sewage disposal.

48. CHAART Remote Sensing Of Cholera Outbreaks Remote Sensing of cholera Outbreaks. The outbreaks of cholera that haveoccurred during the past decade originated in coastal areas. http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/health/projects/cholera/cholera.html

Remote Sensing of Cholera Outbreaks First Year Report UMBI Main Page CHAART Projects CHAART Home Project institution: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, Maryland Principal investigators: Dr. Rita Colwell and Dr. Anwar Huq Co-investigators: B. Lobitz , L. Beck , B. Wood University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute CHAART, NASA Ames Research Center Cholera epidemics caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 occur regularly in Bangladesh and India and sporadically in many parts of the world. In 1993, a total of 296,206 new cases of cholera were reported in South America after about a century, involving more than 15 countries. The outbreaks of cholera that have occurred during the past decade originated in coastal areas. From our previous work, V. cholerae attaches to plankton in the aquatic environment, providing the vehicle for dispersal. The organism attaches preferentially to zooplankton, particularly copepods, but it also attaches in lower numbers and without reproduction onto some species of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton provide the main food source for zooplankton so the two forms of plankton are tightly linked in space and time. Under adverse conditions of temperature and nutrients V. cholerae

49. Cholera cholera, cholera is an illness caused by a germ invading the bowels.The disease is usually spread by contaminated water supplies. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/DIScholera.htm

Cholera To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email Cholera is an illness caused by a germ invading the bowels. The disease is usually spread by contaminated water supplies. The main symptom is watery diarrhoea which leads to fluid depletion and death from dehydration. It has been a killer disease in Asia for over 1,000 years but the first of a series of seven pandemics arrived in Europe in 1817. In the summer of 1849 over 33,000 people in three months died of cholera in Britain. Around 13,000 of tose who died lived in London . Until the second-half of the 19th century, about 50 per cent of the people who caught cholera died of the disease. The cause of cholera was first identified in 1854. Since improvements have taken place in water supply, the disease has virtually disappeared in Europe. In the summer of 2000 a team of scientists in the United States led by Claire Fraser deciphered the entire genetic makeup of the cholera microbe. It is hoped that this will enable drugs or vaccines to control the disease in the undeveloped world.

50. The Political Graveyard: Politicians Who Died Of Cholera Politicians Who Died of cholera. Very incomplete list! Died, of cholera,in Frankfort, Franklin County, Ky., 1814. Burial location unknown. http://politicalgraveyard.com/death/cholera.html

Questions? Return to The Political Graveyard main page Politicians Who Died of Cholera Very incomplete list! in chronological order Charles Nelms Lewis (d. 1814) of Greenup County , Ky. Member of Kentucky state senate , 1814; died in office 1814. Died, of cholera , in Frankfort, Franklin County , Ky., Burial location unknown Gabriel Richard (1767-1832) of Detroit, Wayne County , Mich. Born in La Ville de Saintes, France October 15 . Catholic priest; Delegate to U.S. Congress from Michigan Territory Catholic . Founder in 1817 of a school which later became the University of Michigan. Died, of cholera , in Detroit, Wayne County , Mich., September 13 . Entombed at St. Anne's Church , Detroit, Mich. See also: congressional biography Daniel Lynn (1782-1833) also known as Dann Lynn Born in Christian County , Ky., January 24 Delegate to Indiana state constitutional convention , 1816; member of Indiana state house of representatives , 1816-18, 1819-20. Died, of cholera , in West Franklin, Posey County , Ind., . Interment at a private or family graveyard , Posey County, Ind. Alexander Buckner (1785-1833) Born in Jefferson County , Ky.

51. Cholera cholera Number of Cases and Deaths in the Americas (19912001, by country and year)This document/spreadsheet contains tables with data from each country in http://www.paho.org/english/hcp/hct/eer/cholera.htm

Quick Search Surveillance Prevention and Control PAHO Activities Other PAHO Materials ... General Info/Links What's New Cholera: Number of Cases and Deaths in the Americas (1991-2001, by country and year) This document/spreadsheet contains tables with data from each country in the Region indicating the total number of cases of and deaths from cholera from 1991 to 2001. cholera-1991-2001.htm cholera-1991-2001.xls ... more items. Surveillance Situation Reports Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae ... Isolates in the Americas, 1996-1999 Incidence/Mortality/Case Fatality Cholera: Number of Cases and Deaths in the Americas (1991-2001, by country and year) Official PAHO Case Definitions for Cholera, Plague and Yellow Fever (as written by PAHO/HCT and published by PAHO/SHA) Resistance Surveillance Annual Regional Meeting of Countries Participating in the Network for Monitoring/Surveillance of Resistance to Antibiotics (Asunción, Paraguay, 31 January–February 2001) Health Profiles and Data Health Situation and Inequities in the Region of the Americas: Atlas of Basic Indicators, 1995-1996

52. OÈKOVÁNÍ Proti Choleøe (Internetové Informaèní Støedisko O Oèkování) V minulém století probehly 3 pandemie. V prubehu první svetovéválky se cholera vyskytovala u vojáku z východní fronty. http://www.vakciny.net/ockovani_cizina/cholera.html

Sorry, your browser doesn't support Java(tm). PRÙVODCE OÈKOVÁNÍM STØEDISKA OÈKOVÁNÍ CENY VAKCÍN ZDRAVOTNÍ POJIŠOVNY ... CESTOVNÍ MEDICÍNA AKTUALITY Èlánky / roèník 2003 Èlánky / roèník 2002 Èlánky / roèník 2001 PRINCIPY OÈKOVÁNÍ CO a JAK Význam oèkování Oèkovací látky Oèkovací kalendáø ... Oèkování v tìhotenství PRAVIDELNÉ OÈKOVÁNÍ Záškrt, tetanus, dávivý kašel Dìtská pøenosná obrna Hemofilové nákazy typu b Spalnièky,pøíušnice,zardìnky ... Virová hepatitida typu B DOPORUÈENÉ OÈKOVÁNÍ Chøipka Kl횝ová encefalitida Meningokokové nákazy Pneumokokové nákazy ... Virová hepatitida typu OÈKOVÁNÍ do CIZINY Bøišní tyfus Cholera Japonská encefalitida Mor ... OÈKOVÁNÍ do ciziny OÈKOVÁNÍ BUDOUCNOSTI Rotavirové nákazy Plané neštovice Lymeská borelióza Herpetické nákaz ... AIDs ZÁKONNÉ NORMY Pøehled zákonù a vyhlášek 439/2000 Sb.

53. Cholera Information - David R. Huskins - University Of Akron cholera Information page for David R. Huskins Click on my name toemail me. Click dhuskin/. General cholera tips in Marshallese. http://www.uakron.edu/majuro/Cholera.html

Cholera Information page for David R. Huskins Click on my name to e-mail me. Click here to return to my Majuro Photo and Resource Gallery ~ http://www.uakron.edu/majuro/Majuro.html Click here to return to my University page - http://GoZips.uakron.edu/~dhuskin/ General Cholera tips in Marshallese Mokta jen bar men otemjej, jen lelok nebar im kamolol non Anij kin juon in ien en emon im ej alikartok non kijwoj kajojo. Joij im ronjake jet nan in katak kilen kejbarok mour ilo an itok naninmij in "Cholera". Elap an naninmij in kein "etatalmoneane". Elap an armij kein bo iben Cholera kin air ber iben kij eo an naninmij in. Kememej ke dren in drak ej numba juon ilo am maron bo ilo naninmij in. Ewor jit "powder - Gatorade" in drak en ekkor non ro rej naninmij ilo bwokbwok, ilok loje, im momoj. Non aolep armij jab idrak dren elane ejanin lukun "boil" mokta. En lit wot am jerbal keneke naninmij in Cholera, elap an koktata im armij maron mij jen wawin in. Ekijien "powder" en: Likit powder en iben dren in wot en emwoj an boil. Kalibui aolep kubwoj im bwe in mone im men kein ainwot. En erreo

54. Krankheiten: Cholera Translate this page Klicken Sie hier! cholera. Prof. Dr. Herwig Kollaritsch. Was istcholera? cholera ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des Darmes. http://www.netdoktor.at/krankheiten/Fakta/cholera.htm

CHOLERA Prof. Dr. Herwig Kollaritsch Was ist Cholera? Cholera ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des Darmes. Sie wird durch ein Zellgift (Toxin) des Bakterium Vibrio cholerae ausgelöst und führt zu schweren wässrigen Durchfällen, die eine rasche Behandlung erforderlich machen. Laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) erkrankten 1999 weltweit circa 200.000 Menschen an Cholera, von denen 8.000 verstarben. Wie bekommt man Cholera? Cholera-Bakterien werden durch verunreinigtes Trinkwasser und durch Verzehr von Lebensmitteln übertragen. Häufige Infektionsquellen sind roher oder ungenügend gekochter Fisch, Meeresfrüchte und Gemüse, das während der Lagerung oder Essenzubereitung mit den Bakterien in Kontakt gekommen ist. Eine Übertragung direkt von Mensch zu Mensch ist zwar möglich, jedoch äußerst selten. Das Bakterium gelangt in den Dünndarm und produziert dort einen Giftstoff, der die Darmschleimhaut angreift. Nicht jeder, der mit Cholera-Bakterien in Kontakt kommt, erkrankt auch daran. Viele infizierte Personen haben keine Beschwerden, scheiden aber den Erreger im Stuhl aus. Bei schlechten sanitären Bedingungen kommt es so rasch zu einer Verbreitung der Krankheit. Welche Beschwerden treten auf?

55. Cholera Needs Guts To Survive cholera needs guts to survive. Human stomach boosts cholera bacterium's infectivity. Humansare a good growth environment for cholera and a perfect vehicle. http://www.nature.com/nsu/020603/020603-2.html

updated at midnight GMT search nature science update advanced search Cholera needs guts to survive Human stomach boosts cholera bacterium's infectivity. 6 June 2002 TOM CLARKE Vibrio cholerae bacteria infect between 100,000 and 300,000 people each year. Human digestive juices switch on genes in cholera bacteria that make the microbes hundreds of times more infectious, new research suggests. The finding identifies potential targets for cholera vaccines or diagnostic tests Vibrio cholerae bacteria infect between 100,000 and 300,000 people each year, causing acute vomiting and diarrhoea. One in every 100 victims dies from dehydration. Although dehydration is easily treated, cholera is a major problem in countries with poor sanitation. Current vaccines are only partially effective, and are banned by some countries because of harmful side effects. Ten important genes are active in bacteria from the stools of cholera victims that are inactive in lab bacteria, Andrew Camilli of Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues have found . The team collected the samples during a cholera outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in April 2001.

56. Guidelines For The Control Of Infectious Diseases - Cholera cholera. Victorian Statutory Requirement. Largescale epidemics of choleracaused by V.cholerae O139 have been seen in India and Bangladesh. http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phb/hprot/inf_dis/bluebook/cholera.htm

Public Health Division Department of Human Services Government of Victoria Australia home news ... about THE BLUE BOOK : Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Contents Cholera Victorian Statutory Requirement Group A notification. Infectious Agent Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139. V. cholerae occurs in two major biovars: the classical and the El Tor type. These two differ in biological and biochemical characteristics and both include organisms of the Inaba and Ogawa serotypes. Both biotypes can also be classified into various phage types. Note Non-O1 vibrios, formerly known as non-agglutinable vibrios (NAG) or non-cholera vibrios (NCV) are now included in the species Vibrio cholerae, but the reporting of Non-O1 infections as 'cholera' is inaccurate. Most Non-O1 strains do not secrete enterotoxin but these strains can cause sporadic cases, and outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness due to them have occurred in Venice (1981 and 1984) and in Lima, Peru (1984) Large-scale epidemics of cholera caused by V.cholerae O139 have been seen in India and Bangladesh

57. Reportable Infectious Diseases And Conditions idph online home, Illinois Department of Public Health 535 West Jefferson StreetSpringfield, Illinois 62761 Phone 217782-4977 Fax 217-782-3987 TTY 800-547 http://www.idph.state.il.us/health/infect/reportdis/cholera.htm

Cholera Cholera Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - English Version Cholera Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Spanish Version ... Portugues Version Illinois Department of Public Health 535 West Jefferson Street Springfield, Illinois 62761 Phone 217-782-4977 Fax 217-782-3987 TTY 800-547-0466 Questions or Comments

58. Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Love In The Time Of Cholera Literature Annotations. Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Love in the Time of cholera. JuvenalUrbino distinguishes himself by instituting policies to combat cholera. http://endeavor.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/garcia.marque

About the Database Editorial Board Annotators What's New ... MedHum Home 49th Edition-April 2003 Art Annotations Artists Meet the Artist Viewing Room ... Art in Literature Literature Annotations Authors Meet the Authors Listening Room ... Reading Room Performing Arts Film/Video Annotations Screening Room Theater Search Options Word/Phrase (All) Word/Phrase (Lit) Keyword Annotator ... Special Author Asterisks indicate multimedia Comments/Inquiries Literature Annotations Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Love in the Time of Cholera Genre Novel (348 pp.) Keywords Aging Doctor-Patient Relationship Epidemics Infectious Disease ... Time Summary As a young woman, Fermina Daza kept a lengthy and passionate correspondence with Florentino Ariza, who was socially her inferior, but was desperately in love with her. They became engaged through their letters, exchanged through hiding places and telegrams in code. But one day, when Fermina Daza comes close to Florentino Ariza in the market, she feels suddenly ill and tells him it was all a mistake. Instead, she marries Dr. Juvenal Urbino, a European-educated perfectionist, who falls in love with her on a medical visit. Their tumultuous but affectionate marriage lasts over fifty years, through a civil war, cholera outbreaks and the Doctor's brief affair with a patient. Juvenal Urbino distinguishes himself by instituting policies to combat cholera. He dies, falling from a tree as he attempts to catch his pet parrot. Florentino Ariza comes to the wake. He is now about seventy and controls a wealthy shipping operation. After the other guests leave, he approaches Fermina Daza, saying, "I have waited for this opportunity for more than half a century, to repeat to you once again my vow of eternal fidelity and ever-lasting love."

59. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries cholera is a bacterial disease (vibrio cholerae) that causes diarrhea,vomiting, and leg cramps. A person can get cholera by drinking http://library.thinkquest.org/11170/epidemics/cholera.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Anatomy of an Epidemic , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Anatomy of an Epidemic click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Anatomy of an Epidemic click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1997 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption What's an epidemic? What causes them? Can they be prevented? These questions and more are answered at this web site whose goal is to educate visitors about diseases that affect large numbers of people around the world. Which bacteria and viruses cause disease and the four ways harmful organisms enter the body are discussed. The highlight of this site is a map providing a dramatic view of various historical epidemics as they spread across the world. Students Dan Mark Morris WA, United States

60. CHOLERA cholera. What is cholera? cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infectionof the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. Who gets cholera? http://health.utah.gov/els/epidemiology/epifacts/cholera.html

CHOLERA What is cholera? Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae . The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Who gets cholera? Although cholera is extremely rare in the United States, anyone can get cholera if they drink water or eat food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an outbreak situation, the source of contamination is usually the feces (stool) of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water. Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today in other parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1991, epidemic cholera has been a problem in South America. A few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico. How is cholera spread?

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