21. CHIYODA Corporation Business Field : Energy Saving Of CHIYODA / Co-Generation Sy cogeneration system contributes to the society electric power peak cut, environmentalpreservation due to CO2 reduction and effective usage of limited energy http://www.chiyoda-corp.com/biz/e/environ/cogene/cogene-e.shtml

Co-Generation System Currently energy problems and environmental probelems are talked about internationally. CHIYODA used to proceed application of co-generation system, and already had many results. Co-generation system contributes to the society electric power peak cut, environmental preservation due to CO2 reduction and effective usage of limited energy sauce, and to the customer effective usage of facilities, stable supply of energy and reduction of running cost. CHIYODA is achieving feasibility study by various sumilations prior to application of co-generation system. CHIYODA can offer not only basic design, but detail design, construction, and also maintenance of installed co-generation system by remoted support system. Followings are CHIYODA's major achievements. Contact: TEL FAX Corporate Communications Office Chiyoda Corporation E-mail: homepage@ykh.chiyoda.co.jp Environmental Preservation Top Business Field Menu

22. SPP - English - Co-generation cogeneration. The typical feature of the current development of the human societyis the constantly growing consumption of energy, which is the basic http://www.spp.sk/english/Main.asp?ID=46

23. Energy And Central Utilities energy and Central Utilities. cogeneration. http://powplant.intrasun.tcnj.edu/Co_Generation Plant.htm

Energy and Central Utilities Cogeneration Plant Automated Load Management Central Chiller Plant Central Plant Overview ... Technologies Co-Generation Plant Energy Management Energy Star Award Fuel Management Strategy ... Home Page Last Updated: Cogeneration Plant The Cogeneration Plant consists of one 5.2 MW Solar Turbine dual fuel turbine (natural gas and #2 low sulfur oil); one 6 MW Ideal generator; one Davis duct burner; one ERI heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with a capacity of 28,000 PPH unfired and 40,000 PPH fired; and two Gardner Denver natural gas reciprocating compressors with lead/lag controls. The cogeneration plant utilizes a Wonder Ware data highway with Allen-Bradley programmable logic controls (PLCs) platform. Turbine The turbine converts chemical energy from the fuel source into mechanical energy. Unlike four-stroke car engines with reciprocating pistons, which use the four combustion processes, combustion; expansion; compression; and exhaust separately, a turbine operates on the Brayton Cycle, which accomplishes the four combustion processes simultaneously. The Brayton Cycle Combustion In the Brayton cycle, a turbine is injected with fuel through fuel injectors. The fuel is combusted, resulting in high temperature in the combustion chamber.

24. Co-generation And District Energy Systems - Sudbury cogeneration and District energy Systems - Sudbury. http://www.climatechangesolutions.com/english/municipal/stories/buildings/sudbur

Co-generation and District Energy Systems - Sudbury Climate Protection Benefits Economic Costs and Benefits Additional Benefits Calculations and Sources Sudbury, Ontario - In October 2000, the City of Sudbury opened a district energy system that will make money for the City, while at the same time substantially reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). For building owners, the new district energy system (DES) will provide both financial savings and more convenient energy services. The new system was built through a 50/50 public-private partnership between the City of Sudbury and Toromont Energy. It uses high-efficiency, natural gas-fired cogeneration to supply heating and cooling to several buildings in the city’s downtown core. The DES replaces older, less efficient equipment formerly used in the separate buildings, while feeding electricity into the provincial grid. Electricity provided by the DES displaces the generation of coal-fired power, which produces much higher GHG emissions. Taking into account these two factors, Natural Resources Canada has estimated that Sudbury's initial district energy project will reduce GHG emissions by 21 kilotonnes (kt) per year. A future expansion of the system could generate reductions of up to 51 kt per year.

25. Co-generation And District Energy Systems - Sudbury - Details cogeneration and District energy Systems - Sudbury. Climate ProtectionBenefits. District energy systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions http://www.climatechangesolutions.com/english/municipal/stories/buildings/sudbur

Co-generation and District Energy Systems - Sudbury Climate Protection Benefits District energy systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions in two ways: by replacing less efficient equipment in individual buildings with a more efficient central power plant; and by producing electricity for the central grid that can displace, for example, coal-fired and other electricity sources that involve higher GHG emissions per kilowatt-hour. Taking these two factors into account, Natural Resources Canada has estimated that Sudbury's initial district energy project will reduce GHG emissions by 21 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (kt CO E) per year, and that "full expansion of the system" could generate reductions of up to 51 kt CO E per year. Return to Story Economic Costs and Benefits Sudbury's district energy system was built at a cost of $15 million. The City of Greater Sudbury and Toromont Energy each hold a 10% equity stake in the operation, and most of the remaining funding was loaned by Toromont. The Government of Canada contributed $500,000 to the project through its Technology Early Action Measures (TEAM) program (part of the Climate Change Action Fund).

26. "RED", December 1996 - Co-generation Of Power And Heat From Sawmills In Zimbabwe Renewable energy for Development. December 1996, Vol. 9, No. 3/4. To Table of Contentsof this issue cogeneration of Power and Heat from Sawmills in Zimbabwe. http://www.sei.se/red/red9612c.html

Renewable Energy for Development December 1996, Vol. 9, No. 3/4 To Table of Contents of this issue Co-generation of Power and Heat from Sawmills in Zimbabwe by Fredrik Mellqvist, SEI and Leif Palm, SwedSteam There is considerable potential for productive utilisation of biomass residue from both sawmill and forestry operations in Southern and Eastern Africa. In an ongoing SEI-project, funded by Sida, the technical, economic and financial feasibility of a biomass-fuelled steam power plant in Chimanimani, a remote area in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe is being investigated. Such a power plant can result in commercial gains for the private sawmill operator, socio-economic gains for the community and a new energy source for the region. Electricity produced from biomass residues could also substitute electricity produced from coal, thus reducing net emissions of CO2. Zimbabwean energy policy has traditionally emphasised self-sufficiency. However, a series of drought years has threatened the balance between supply and demand. Despite imports of electricity, widespread shortages of power occurred in the late 80s costing the Zimbabwean economy an estimated 10 percent decline in GDP (1). Today, the electricity deficit is estimated at 7 percent. Imports to cover this deficit originate from South African coal-fired thermal power plants and Zambian hydro-power. In 1991, approximately 66 percent of the electricity generated in Zimbabwe was based on coal-fired plants and 34 percent on hydro-power. The national electrical energy development plan further emphasises the development of large-scale coal-fired thermal power plants in Zimbabwe although coal use is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

27. Natural Gas - Co-generation Most Economical Where there is a balanced demand for electricity (or shaft power)and thermal energy, Natural Gas fuelled cogeneration is one of the most http://www.natural-gas.com.au/business/cogeneration.html

Co-generation with Natural Gas Co-generation involves the simultaneous generation of electrical or mechanical energy and thermal energy from a single fuel source, usually Natural Gas. An internal combustion engine or a gas turbine burns Natural Gas to generate electricity or produce mechanical energy, for example for an air conditioning compressor. Heat from the water jacket and exhaust of an internal combustion engine, or the exhaust gases from a gas turbine, are recovered and used to generate hot water or steam. This can be used for heating a building, for generating chilled water from an absorption chiller or for any other industrial process able to utilise heat in this form. Electrical Generation The process of cogeneration produces electricity at an efficiency of around 30% and can be used in the following ways: Base load - balance of electricity supplied from the power grid Total electrical supply - balance fed into the power grid Peak shaving - used to reduce peak load where Peak Demand Tariff exists, can also provide emergency electrical power

28. Greenbelt Renewable Energy - Biomass Co-Generation Power Plants Greenbelt Renewable energy Inc. is a private company formed to build own andoperate biomass cogeneration power plants in Western North America. http://www.greenbelt-energy.com/

Greenbelt Renewable Energy Inc. is a private company formed to build own and operate biomass co-generation power plants in Western North America. The strategic vision of Greenbelt is to build 10 plants in the next seven years.

29. Greenbelt Renewable Energy Inc. - Biomass Co-Generation Power Plants Greenbelt Renewable energy Inc. The Bear LakeProject. The first project is a 25 MWbiomass (wood waste fuelled) power facility producing green electric energy. http://www.greenbelt-energy.com/about_greenbelt.html

Greenbelt Renewable Energy Inc. is a private company formed to build own and operate biomass cogeneration power plants in Western North America. The strategic vision of Greenbelt is to build 10 power plants in the next ten years. Greenbelt's business plan is focused on delivering quantifiable benefits that are important to all stakeholders. Greenbelt can deliver the following benefits to: Local communities through economic diversification, employment generation, an additional tax base and improved air quality; E lectrical Generators/Purchasers through capital avoidance and a stable, economic supply of electrical power that can be "wheeled" at a profit; Thermal (Heat Energy) Purchasers through an inexpensive, reliable source of energy to replace expensive and volatile fuel costs; Forest Companies through reduced operating costs, capital avoidance and a viable solution to wood waste disposal issue.

30. Bibliographies: Combined Heat And Power Or Co-generation - HUD NYSERDA New York State energy Research and Development Authority Looking forCoGeneration Proposals. Business Journal Central New York, Vol. 14, No. http://www.hud.gov/offices/adm/library/bibliog/co-gen.cfm

Administration About Administration Contracts Grants ... Bibliographies Community Energy Systems Based on District Heating and Cooling (Combined Heat and Power or Co-generation) Local information Print version E-mail this to a friend January 2003 This bibliography on district energy systems was compiled by the Reference Staff of the HUD Library. HUD staff may request any of the following articles by calling (202) 708-2370 x3278, by e-mail at library_circulation_desk@hud.gov , or by visiting the library in Room 8141 from 8:45 am to 5:15 pm, ET. Others interested in any listed item, please consult your local library or contact the publisher. Articles            "A CHP [Combined Heat and Power] Success Story: All Systems Cogeneration Inc." Vol. 80, No. 11, November 2002. "Biomass CHP [Combined Heat and Power] Plant Underway." Energy Conservation News, January 2002.

31. Co-Generation The most economicallyviable design of a co-generation system will trade off thecost of buying energy ( electrical power and secondary fuel, if required http://www.rcl-plasma.com/cogeneration.htm

Requires a Java Enabled Browser. You need a Java enabled browser! Menu Co-generation System Design Plasma gasification systems require a considerable amount of electrical power to process (gasify) waste in an environmentally safe manner. The heat which the plasma torches produce is contained within the reactor vessel and is used to force the waste material to decompose into its constituent elements. The solid by-products of the plasma gasification process become a molten slag. As the slag exits the rector vessel it contains a considerable amount of heat. Unfortunately this heat is difficult to recover, although the slag itself is amenable to further processing at elevated temperatures to produce a variety of commercial products. In well designed systems, a large amount of heat can be recovered from the gaseous by-products of the plasma gasification process. The product gases exit the reactor vessel at elevated temperature and therefore contain a considerable amount of sensible energy. In addition the product gas from most types of waste (including MSW) contains a substantial volume of combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. In most cases the heating value of the product gas is greater than the sensible heat in the product gas.

32. Energy Co-generation From Agricultural And Municipal Waste ECOAMUW The main objective of this program is to establish model demonstration pilot plantsover four years (2002 –2006) for energy cogeneration from the use of http://www.agr.gc.ca/policy/environment/eb/public_html/ebe/ecoamuw.html

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has received funding from the Technology Innovation component of Climate Change Action Plan 2000 to mitigate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture while improving production efficiency and resource conservation. This program will be implemented in collaboration between government and industry. The main objective of this program is to establish model demonstration pilot plants over four years (2002 –2006) for energy co-generation from the use of agricultural and municipal wastes. The program shall be implemented and delivered by a Project Authority at AAFC under the guidance and advice of a Steering Committee consisting of individuals with related scientific, technical and industrial expertise. For further information please contact: Carlos M. Monreal

33. RAMBOLL Co-generation Plants RAMBØLL has also undertaken a large number of smallscale co-generation projectsin Denmark as well as Waste incineration Waste is a valuable energy source. http://www.ramboll.dk/energy/uk/cogeneration_plants.htm

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34. Energy Solutions From Sempra Energy Proving that energy efficiency can result in major savings, Southern California Gas installationof a $2.1 million highefficiency co-generation system, which http://www.sempra.com/

SEARCH Sempra Energy is a Fortune 500 energy services holding company. Our subsidiaries provide electricity, natural gas, and diverse energy solutions around the world. Sempra is derived from the Latin word semper, meaning always. We strive to always create a better way through quality services and responsible corporate citizenship. Alternate-fueled vehicles put employees on the fast track "My natural gas vehicle (NGV) can beat your Porsche." "My electric vehicle (EV) is faster than your Ferrari." They're not joking. In the environmentally-friendly state of California, taunts like these could become as routine as beach balls and roller blades. Two years ago, the California Legislature passed a law that allows single drivers of EVs and NGVs to ride in all of the state's coveted carpool lanes. For some, the law was too good to be true. They said goodbye to gasoline and joined a new breed of (...)

35. Co-generation, Ethanol Production And CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery: Model For Envir cogeneration, Ethanol Production and CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Modelfor Environmentally and Economically Sound Linked energy Systems. http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/PRS/Poster/2002/2002-6/P3-02.html

Co-generation, Ethanol Production and CO Enhanced Oil Recovery Model for Environmentally and Economically Sound Linked Energy Systems Kansas Geological Survey Open-file Report 2002-6 Potential Energy Gains and CO Avoided on Annual Basis 541 MBOE Gained (3.1 Trillion BTUs) Co-Generation MMBTU Barrels Oil Equiv. Steam MMBTU/Year DDG Dryer MMBTU/Year (assumes co-gen running at 100%) Net energy saved by using co-gen heat Cattle Feeding Distillers' Dried Grains Produced lbs/year Grain Corn Equivalent (by weight) lbs/year (1 lb. DDG is equivalent to 1.57 lbs. Corn) Grain Corn Equivalent (by volume) Bushels/year Grain Corn Equivalent (Acreage) Acres/year Energy conversion factor, Russell Co., KS MBTU/acre Net energy saved by offsetting corn acreage Enhanced Oil Recovery Carbon Dioxide Generated (lbs) lbs/year (Tons) tons/year (MCF) MCF/year CO2 Utilized (MCF) (90%) MCF/year Net utilization of CO2 MCF/BO Oil from EOR @ 4.3 MCF CO2/BO

36. MWH - Co-generation cogeneration. This calls for a detailed knowledge of the technology itself, costestimating, long term energy price trends, risk analysis, environmental issues http://www.mwhglobal.co.nz/Services-and--Solutions/Energy/Co-generation.asp

Co-generation In the current New Zealand market, economic cogeneration schemes can be difficult to identify. But at MWH we have had considerable success in this in recent years. The key to identifying economic schemes, which people want to build, is to understand the many highly complex factors which come to bear during the decision making process. This calls for a detailed knowledge of the technology itself, cost estimating, long term energy price trends, risk analysis, environmental issues and economic trends. MWH brings indepth experience in all these areas to every project. The area where we offer unrivalled expertise is in understanding how to integrate the power generation plant with the heating processes on the site. In addition to cogeneration, we have wide experience in the fields of biogas and landfill gas exploitation for power generation and industrial applications. Our services include: Investigation Environmental consents and emissions modelling Fuel and electricity tariff negotiation Risk assessment Performance specification or detailed design of entire plant Construction supervision Commissioning and testing Control system software programming and development Process heating systems optimisation and integration Co-generation Services Passout condensing steam turbines Back pressure steam turbines Extraction back pressure steam turbines Gas engines Gas turbines with fired and unfired heat recovery boilers Combined cycle cogeneration plants Balance of plant system services Steam system designs and pipework stress analysis

37. Co-Generation 9Oct-01 co-generation http://www.flexibleenergy.com/reports/co-generation.html

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38. October 28, 2002 - Co-Generation Pilot Project Underway At Regina General Hospit This alternative energy system, called cogeneration, produces electricity fromnatural gas while using the exhaust to preheat a portion of the hospital's http://www.saskenergy.com/news/newsreleases/021028_2.htm

Online Services Contact Us Search Careers ... Archives News Releases October 28, 2002 Co-Generation Pilot Project Underway at Regina General Hospital The Regina Health District, SaskEnergy and SaskPower today announced an innovative pilot project at the Regina General Hospital. This alternative energy system, called co-generation, produces electricity from natural gas while using the exhaust to preheat a portion of the hospital's domestic hot water. Domestic hot water is used for cooking and cleaning. The Honourable John Nilson, Minister of Health, on behalf of Maynard Sonntag, Minister of Crown Investments Corporation started two microturbines to begin a two-year pilot project that will evaluate the potential of co-generation for use in other facilities in the future. The project will also further the knowledge of options for distributed generation - the production of electrical power on a small scale often at a consumer's site. "This project is an excellent opportunity for both SaskPower and SaskEnergy to gain practical experience in microturbine technology for co-generation," said Nilson. "This pilot project allows for further investigation into the feasibility of distributed generation, which holds much promise in a province as vast as Saskatchewan." Today's announcement and start-up of the microturbines officially begins the two-year pilot project. Total project costs of approximately $500,000 are being shared equally by SaskEnergy and SaskPower, with the Regina General Hospital providing the test site.

39. Training Programme On "Best Practices In Bagasse Co-generation And Biomass Power bagasse (a way of disposal cum energy generation), have been replaced by highlyenergy efficient combustion systems for cogeneration including surplus http://www.teriin.org/events/docs/biomass.htm

Events Upcoming Past Regular programmes ... Select events Training programme on "Best practices in bagasse co-generation and biomass power generation projects" 12-14 March 2003 TERI, New Delhi Background Aim of the training programme Who should attend Registration Last date for registration: 28 February 2003) Contact Agenda Background Internationally, Renewable Energy (RE) is being pushed on account of the environment protection, while in India, there is the added issue of energy security. Grid connected RE power has already made a humble contribution in the country's total installed power capacity, to the tune of 3%. Among several RE power technologies viz., wind, hydel, waste to energy and biomass, there has been an impressive progress in biomass based power generation, both in sugar mills and IPPs. Considerable change is witnessed in the trend of utilisation of bagasse in sugar mills for efficient steam and power generation. The furnaces, primarily designed in the early days for incinerating bagasse (a way of disposal cum energy generation), have been replaced by highly energy efficient combustion systems for co-generation including surplus generation to utility grid during off-season also. Biomass, at one time, considered to be the fuel of the poor in the developing countries has now become an important source of energy for the developed countries as well. Its role in building the economy while preserving the environment has attracted large allocations for technology adaptation and development leading to more efficient methods of biomass conversion into useful energy.

40. Transparent Energy Systems Private Limited Fuels energy Sources, Services Provided by Transparent. cogenerationEquipment Makes, Reciprocating Engine Generator Based co-generation. http://www.tesplcogen.com/

"Pushpa Heights", 1st Floor, Bibwewadi Corner, Pune -411037 (INDIA) Tel : 020-4212390, 4211347, Fax : 020-4212533 E-mail : trans@pn2.vsnl.net.in sales.pune@tespl.com Transparent Energy Systems Private Limited Business Groups Products WEBSITES CO-GENERATION SYSTEMS Combined generation of Power, Heat, Refrigeration / Chilling, Water Recycling / Desalination Types of Cogeneration Systems - Steam Engine / Turbine Based Co-generation - Reciprocating Engine Generator Based Co-generation - Gas Turbine Based Co-generation www.tesplcogen.com AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION Refrigeration upto -55 o C. Heat driven Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants - Evaporators - Flash Vessels - Accessories - Turnkey Contracts. www.tesplaarp.com HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS Waste Heat Recovery Boilers Waste Heat Recovery Thermic Fluid Heaters. Retrofits for Efficiency Improvement. - Combustion Air Preheater - Economisers - Condensate Recovery - Blow Down Heat Recovery - Flash Steam Recovery www.tespl.com

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