61. Mission College Sociology CSU This course is a sociological analysis of crime and criminal behavior in theUnited States, including the major theories regarding the causes of criminal http://www.missioncollege.org/depts/anthrsoc/soccours.html

Mission College DIVISION: Social and Behavioral Sciences Department Chair: Dr. Chris Moyers Counseling: (408) 855-5030 Phone: (408) 855-5300 cmoyers@pacbell.net Learning Outcomes Required Courses Career Options Home Page Required Courses 1 * INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY - 3 units CAN SOC 2 Lecture 3 hours Acceptable for credit: UC, CSU Introduction to the field of sociology as a scientific discipline; an examination of human society from various sociological perspectives; analysis of the relationship between personality development and the sociocultural environment; the presentation of social institutions and possible influences on behavior. Course is also taught as a Telecourse. Credit/No Credit Option 2 * SOCIAL PROBLEMS - 3 units Go to the online Soc 002 course CAN SOC 4 Lecture 3 hours Acceptable for credit: UC, CSU

62. Lonnie Athens / Violent Criminal Acts And Actors Revisited Rather than finding the causes of criminal behavior in external forces or personalitydisorders, as conventional wisdom often does, Athens renews his http://www.press.uillinois.edu/s97/athens.html

Violent Criminal Acts and Actors Revisited Lonnie Athens Foreword by Herbert Blumer Sociologist Norman K. Denzin characterized Lonnie Athens's earlier work as "the most far-reaching, provocative, and profound analysis of violent conduct" available in criminological literature. In Violent Criminal Acts and Actors Revisited, Athens returns to his pioneering work and finds that his premises are just as relevant and original as in their earlier versionand that they have been curiously, and to society's detriment, overlooked. Rather than finding the causes of criminal behavior in external forces or personality disorders, as conventional wisdom often does, Athens renews his fundamental argument that a violent situation comes into being when defined by an individual as a situation that calls for violencethat an actor responds to the circumstance as he or she defines it. Based on the author's many firsthand interviews with offenders and on his personal experience, Violent Criminal Acts and Actors Revisited augments Athens's call to reexamine the source and locus of violent criminal behavior.

63. Media Coalition This report cannot begin to survey the causes of man's inhumanity to to poor parenting,which can lead to childhood aggressiveness and later criminal behavior. http://www.mediacoalition.org/stm/stm_real_causes.htm

III. The Real Causes of Violence and Crime This report cannot begin to survey the causes of man's inhumanity to man, which has been the subject of scientific, philosophical and artistic inquiry for centuries. Nor can it offer the last word on why America has the highest rate of violent crime in the industrialized world." It can, however, attempt to put the alleged role of the media into perspective, The roots of individual aggression and high rates of violent crime are deep and complex, historical, cultural, economic and personal. Multiple factors: the "ecology of violence." "The truth is no one factor by itself predicts aggressiveness very well," wrote Eron and Huesmann. Although these two are the most cited proponents of the theory that television can cause aggression, they never suggest fictional images are solely or independently culpable. "To understand the development of aggression, one must examine simultaneously a multiplicity of interrelated social, cultural, familial and cognitive factors, each of which adds only a small increment to the totality of causation. It is unrealistic to expect that any one of these factors by itself can explain much about aggression. But in conjunction with each other they may explain a lot about aggression." Bernard Friedlander, now retired from the University of Hartford, applied an apt name to these interactions: the "ecology of violence."'

64. Theories On Causation Of Youth Violence - NCIPC choice, represents a particularly important perspective on the causes of assaultive ofthis theory is that decisions to engage in criminal behavior (eg, the http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/youth/theory.htm

Youth Violence Home Facts Resource Organizations What Can I Do? ... Glossary Search Injury Youth Violence Theories on Causation of Youth Violence Psychological approaches to violence include social learning theory which posits that behavior is learned through imitation of role models and reinforced by rewards and punishments received in interaction with others. Sociological approaches to understanding violence include four components: cultural (or subcultural), structural, interactionist, and economic. Again, these are not mutually exclusive explanations, but each contributes in an important way to our overall understanding of the problem. The cultural approach points toward interventions designed to change the norms, values, typical behaviors, or beliefs of specific high-risk groups. Such changes might be accomplished, for example, through education or by changing media images of persons with whom target group members are likely to identify. Cultural factors that may predispose a person to violence: Male belief in physical prowess, toughness, search for thrills and action

65. Crime Is A Choice individuals with the early precursors of criminal behavior do not twisted the purposeof the criminal justice system are goaldirected, we are causes, not just http://www.ncpa.org/hotlines/juvcrm/tcc1.html

Crime Is A Choice Some social scientists treat the cause of crime as a scientific mystery, a natural outcome determined by factors that we don't yet completely know. They avoid the word "choice" speaking instead of "precursors," "influences," and "correlates" of crime. Not surprisingly, they find that troubles and social pathologies are loosely associatied. But in Crime, a collection of scholarly essays edited by James Q. Wilson and Joan Ptersilia, the late Richard Hernstein (co-author of The Bell Curve) says: The real cause of crime is "people for whom the positive side of the ledger sufficiently outweighs the negative side and who have the opportunity for breaking the law." And that "Most individuals with the early precursors of criminal behavior do not become serious offenders..." This suggests crime is a moral choice, not a contagious disease or involuntary compulsion, and that criminals are rational but immoral. That is the approach taken by the writers in Criminal Justice?: The Legal System Versus Individual Responsibility, edited by James Bidinotto. Bidinotto says ordinary citizens are right to believe individuals are responsible for what they do, while the experts whom he calls the Excuse-Making Industry have twisted the purpose of the criminal justice system from punishment of wrongdoers to their treatment and rehabilitation.

66. Social Structure Empirical studies by Hagan and other researchers emphasized that the sociologicalfocus on the ‘ultimate structural causes of criminal behavior has impeded http://tkdtutor.com/06Theory/SocialStructural.htm

Social Structural Theories Up The following a excerpt from one of my graduate research papers on criminological theory. I have included the references but have eliminated the footnotes to preclude anyone from submitting the paper in a college class. Social structural theories attempt to explain why people commit crimes as related to the social structure of society. They are macro theories that address the broader questions about differences across societies or among major groups in a society. Social structural theories involve factors that can affect the individual but are beyond the control of the individual to change. They attempt to relate the "extent and distribution of crime" and "Why do they do it?" to the social structure. Social structural theories do not simply try to locate individuals above or below one another in the social structure; they try to locate individuals in terms of their relationship to one another within the structure. Social structural theorists do not agree over the causes of crime. Some believe crime can be linked to subcultures of crime, while others doubt even the existence of subcultures. Some feel crime is linked to social forces that can be changed through reform, while others, such as Marxist supporters, feel crime is linked to oppression in capitalist societies, which cannot be changed except through revolution. Colvin and Pauly attempted to link structural-Marxism and behavior by postulating that workplace control structures affect the family control structure according to the parents’ locations within the workplace control structure. They found that parents controlled their children in the same ways they were being controlled at their jobs, but the researchers could not make the link between class and behavior.

67. Online Master Of Advanced Study In Criminology, Law And Society - The Department Introduction The Department of Criminology, Law and Society focuses on the causes,manifestations, and consequences of criminal behavior; methods of http://unex.uci.edu/distance/mas-cls/about.asp

QuickLinks Online Master's in CLS Home About CLS Dept Program Overview ... Social Ecology Grad Offc. Home The Dept. of Criminology, Law and Society School of Social Ecology University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697-7080 Introduction The Department of Criminology, Law and Society focuses on the causes, manifestations, and consequences of criminal behavior; methods of controlling criminal behavior; and the relationships and interactions between law, social structure and cultural practices. Courses include overviews of American legal systems, forms of criminal behavior, legal theory, social science and the law, criminological theory, victimology, and regulatory issues, in addition to substantive areas of law such as family, criminal, environmental, immigration, procedural, and constitutional law. The Department of Criminology, Law and Society (CLS) has established itself as one of the nation's top programs in criminology, criminal justice, and legal studies. Established as a formal department with it's own Ph.D. program in 1992 within the School of Social Ecology, CLS faculty have trained numerous undergraduate and graduate students over almost three decades. Graduates work in both the public and private sectors, and at colleges and universities around the country. The CLS curriculum offers a broad array of topics for both undergraduate and graduate study which are central to crime and its control, social policy, and the law. In keeping with one of the main tenets of Social Ecology, faculty and students approach these subjects from a multidisciplinary perspective.

68. Abnormal Behavior And Crime Syllabus 1. What are the limitations of traditional sociological and psychological accountsof criminal behavior? ABNORMAL behavior VIDEOS. causes of Crime (Donahue) 251 http://www.fsu.edu/~crimdo/abnormal.html

Syllabus ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND CRIME CCJ 4604 Dr. Cecil Greek M/W 6:00 - 9:30 PM Office Telephone: 893-9570 Summer 1995 - Session B Office hours: University of South Florida M/W 4:30-6:00 PM St. Petersburg Campus Home Telephone: 525-1644 E-Mail: greek@bayflash.stpt.usf.edu Fax: 522-5022 Required Textbooks: Bartol, Curt. 1995. Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach. (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Katz, Jack. 1988. Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions of Doing Evil. NY: Basic Books. Course Summary: The primary focus of this course is to introduce students to models that have been developed to explain abnormal behavior, particularly as it relates to criminal behavior. Broadly defined, the perspectives to be covered include biological, medical, psychi atric, and psychological. We will critically examine both the advantages and the shortcomings of the various attempts to "medicalize" criminal behavior. Throughout the course, medical models will be compared with phenomenological explanations of criminal behavior that describe the psychic experiences of committing criminal acts and the reasons that some types of crime are so seductively attractive to certain individuals. Among the various biological and psychological explanations for crime we will examine the following: sociobiological theories, genetic explanations, classical conditioning, learning theory, psychiatric criminology, physiological and neurological models, p sychopathology, etc. The types of criminal behaviors that are best explained by each of the various models will be covered. For example, we will discuss serial killers, sex offenders, juvenile delinquents, violent offenders, and property offenders.

69. Crime-Times medical and scientific discoveries offer us powerful new tools to effectively preventor treat the true causes of aberrant, delinquent, and criminal behavior. http://www.autismtv.com/crimetimes/

Articles can be assessed by any of these directories: The latest issue of Crime Times , Volume 9, No. 1, 2003, has been posted. Click here to view titles. Check Out Our Web Site Features! Click here. Title Subject Issue Number Author/Researcher Most current efforts to fight crime focus on sociological approaches: counseling and rehabilitation for offenders, tougher laws intended to discourage criminal acts, and better parenting and better education to prevent at-risk children from becoming delinquents and criminals. These well-intentioned approaches have one thing in common: they frequently fail. Why? Because they fail to acknowledge that many criminals suffer from brain malfunctions which prevent them from benefiting from sociological or psychological interventions. Research shows that chronic offenders exhibit brain dysfunction leading to extreme "dyslogic," many lack insight and foresight, lack of empathy for animals and people, a low anger threshold, poor abstract thinking and social skills, a lack of fear and remorse, impulsivity, and an inability to realize the consequences of their actions or to learn from experience. The more we learn about the brain dysfunction that underlies much delinquency and criminality, the more successful we will be in truly rehabilitating offenders, and preventing "at risk" children from turning to lives of crime. The purpose of

70. How The Program Works stress is at the basis of the behavior of offenders is supported by many expertsin criminal justice all of the many theories on the causes of crime http://www.enlightenedsentencing.org/how-the-program-works.htm

Home How the Program Works Stress Removing Stress Scientific Research Summary Ongoing Research ... Links How the program works Stress as a cause of criminal behavior At least five judges of Missouri’s 22 nd Judicial Circuit Court have recognized that stress is at the basis of criminal behavior. They have identified a need to address the stress-coping skills of offenders to promote their rehabilitation and have been sentencing offenders to participate in The Enlightened Sentencing Project as a condition of their probation. Offenders include those convicted of diverse offences such as manslaughter, assault, burglary, robbery, sexual offences and offences relating to drug and alcohol abuse. The theory that stress is at the basis of the behavior of offenders is supported by many experts in criminal justice: Roger G Lanphear in his thought-provoking book “Freedom from Crime” states: “I have made no effort to discuss all of the many theories on the causes of crime The interesting thing, however, is that in some manner, all these theories point to stress as the ultimate cause of crime.” Art Anderson, former Director of the Criminal Justice Division for the Office of Attorney General for the State of Arkansas, made the following conclusion in a speech before the Governor’s Commission on Crime and Law Enforcement, Little Rock, Arkansas:

71. Course Desc.htm concerning relationship between psychological disorder and criminal behavior. as theconcept of criminal responsibility. 3. Examines causes and consequences of http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/CJ/academics/Course descrip.htm

Home Major Minor Courses Description Internships Practicum Outreach Advising ... Alumni CRIMINAL JUSTICE COURSE DESCRIPTIONS CRMJ 2120 ] - Introduction to Criminal Justice. 3. Introduces American criminal justice system. Examines nature of crime and describes historical and philosophical foundations of law enforcement agencies, criminal courts and correctional institutions. Discusses major issues facing the criminal justice system. Cross listed with POLS 2120. (Normally offered fall semester) CRMJ 2210] - Criminal Law. 3. Introduces the fundamental principles of substantive criminal law: the history and philosophy of modern criminal law, the basic dimension of criminality, the elements of major crimes, criminal defenses and the nature of criminal sanctions. Cross listed with POLS 2210. (Normally offered spring semester) [CRMJ 2400] - Criminology. 3. Generally introduces the nature of crime, statistics on crime, types of criminal behavior and explanations of crime. Cross listed with SOC 2400. Prerequisite: SOC 1000 or equilvalent. (Normally offered once a year)

72. Criminal Justice scientific principles of evidence to explain the causes of crime. Compare and contrastvarious social science perspectives which explain criminal behavior. http://www.cocc.edu/socialscience/CJ/cj_101.htm

CJ 101: Introduction to Criminology Competencies Criminal Justice Description Criminal Justice Classes Identify, analyze, develop and defend particular perspectives on the causes, treatment and prevention of crime. Employ criminological thinking and inquiry to understand and interpret events, issues, and theories of crime and its prevention. Describe and examine belief systems basic to specific traditions and laws in contemporary society related to criminology. Apply scientific principles of evidence to explain the causes of crime. Compare and contrast various social science perspectives which explain criminal behavior. Use comparative analysis to demonstrate the significant differences and similarities between the various theories of the causes, treatment and social responses to crime. Use formal and informal writing to express criminological interpretations of various issues related to the causes, treatment and prevention of crime.

73. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Adolescent Depression causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top. Excessive sleeping, change ineating habits, even criminal behavior (like shoplifting) may be signs of http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001518.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Adolescent depression Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Depression in children Alternative names Return to top Depression - adolescents; Teenage depression Definition Return to top A disorder occurring during the teenage years marked by persistent sadness discouragement , loss of self-worth, and loss of interest in usual activities. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Depression can be a transient response to many situations and stresses. In adolescents, depressed mood is common because of the normal maturation process, the stress associated with it, the influence of sex hormones, and independence conflicts with parents. It may also be a reaction to a disturbing event, such as the death of a friend or relative, a breakup with a boyfriend or girlfriend, or failure at school. Adolescents who have low self-esteem, are highly self-critical, and who feel little sense of control over negative events are particularly at risk to become depressed when they experience stressful events. True depression in teens is often difficult to diagnose because normal adolescent behavior is marked by both up and down moods, with alternating periods of feeling 'the world is a great place' and 'life sucks'. These moods may alternate over a period of hours or days.

74. THE MERCK MANUAL--Home Edition, Sec. 7, Ch. 85, Suicidal Behavior of one's health, selfmutilation, reckless driving, and criminal behavior. usuallythere are many reasons for the behavior. is among the top 10 causes of death http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/sec7/85.htm

The Merck Manual of Medical InformationHome Edition Section 7. Mental Health Disorders Chapter 85 Suicidal Behavior Suicidal behavior encompasses suicide gestures, suicide attempts, and completed suicide. Suicide plans and actions that appear unlikely to be fatal are called suicide gestures. Suicide actions that are intended to be fatal but that don't succeed are called suicide attempts. Some people who attempt suicide are discovered early and saved. Other people who attempt suicide are ambivalent about dying, and the attempt may fail because it is a plea for help combined with a strong wish to live. Finally, a completed suicide results in death. All suicidal thoughts and behaviors, whether gestures or attempts, must be taken seriously. Self-destructive behavior may be direct or indirect. Suicide gestures, attempted suicide, and completed suicide are examples of direct self-destructive behavior. Indirect self-destructive behavior involves the undertaking, generally repeatedly, of dangerous activities without a conscious intention of dying. Examples of indirect self-destructive behavior include excessive drinking and drug use, heavy smoking, overeating, neglect of one's health, self-mutilation, reckless driving, and criminal behavior. People who engage in indirect self-destructive behavior are sometimes said to have a "death wish," but usually there are many reasons for the behavior. Epidemiology Because statistics on suicide are based mainly on death certificates and inquest reports, they almost certainly underestimate the true incidence. Even so, suicide is among the top 10 causes of death. Suicide accounts for 30 percent of the deaths among college students and for 10 percent of the deaths of people between ages 25 and 34. It is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. (see page 1319 in

75. Sherlock Holmes Shoppe: Feature Article Page In attempting to determine the causes of criminal behavior, it is relevant toexamine the views held by Sherlock Holmes, the world's first and greatest http://www.sherlock-holmes.com/featur7.htm

SHERLOCKIAN SHOPPING Singular items for the bibliophile, the collector, and the gift giver! Books Audio/Video Tapes Collectibles Notecards/Paper ... Wearables Meet the people; see the places; do the things that make the Sherlockian Community fascinating! WATSON'S QUICK MYSTERIES Match your wits against Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson! Can you solve the mystery?! FEATURE ARTICLES A rare opportunity to enjoy the words, ideas, and thoughts of Sherlockians the world over! JEREMY BRETT PAGE A collection of memorabilia commemorating "The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes," Jeremy Brett. SHERLOCKIANS ON THE NET SHERLOCK'S TRIVIA GAME ... HOME PAGE FEATURE ARTICLE THE MORIARTY GENE (Professor Kellogg's article added to this site 11/17/89.) EDITOR'S NOTE: Our Feature Article for this month was authored by Professor Richard L.Kellogg. Richard Kellogg is professor of psychology at State University of New York College of Technology in Alfred, New York. He joined the Alfred faculty in 1970 after receiving his doctorate in educational psychology from the University of Rochester. Kellogg is the author of two books, "Sherlock Holmes and the Origins of Psychology" and "The Little Girl and Mister Holmes," both published by Magico Publishers of New York City. His articles on The Great Detective frequently appear in both popular and professional journals. In addition to his Sherlockian interests (inspired by the late John Bennett Shaw), Richard Kellogg writes articles on Freud's psychodynamic theory and on the history of the Adirondack region of New York State.

76. Dedman College: Sociology - SMU Constitutional issues of criminal punishment discussed. 5366. Deviant behavior.causes and consequences of deviant behavior; evaluation of leading theories. http://www.smu.edu/catalogs/undergrad/dedman/sociology.asp

Enrollment Services Home Right To Know and Other Legal Disclosures Get Hard Copies of the Catalogs About This Document ... Ask the Web Coordinator Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences Sociology Associate Professor Hawkins, Director of Undergraduate Studies Associate Professor: Cortese; Adjunct Professor: Patterson; Lecturer: Mobasher; Adjunct Lecturers: Evans, Oviedo. SOCI 2310 is prerequisite to all courses numbered 4000 and above, except for upper-division students who have obtained permission of the instructor. Note additional prerequisites for some courses. Courses below 4000 are open to students at each level without other prerequisite. Students wishing to work for distinction in sociology should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies as soon as possible in the junior year. Requirements for the B.A. Degree. A program of study for students who want a broad liberal education with an emphasis on sociology, but adequate preparation for graduate work in the social sciences or social work. Thirty term hours that shall include 2310 and two of these three courses: 4311, 5313, 5314; 21 additional hours, of which six hours must be at the 4000 or 5000 level. STAT 2331 or PHIL 3360 may be substituted for any 3000-level course in sociology. Twelve hours of foreign language are recommended. Requirements for the B.S. Degree.

77. End Terrorism List Archive: Re: Research Initiative On Terrorism Causes & to realize that runaway anger, which terrorists who commit indiscriminate murdercommonly have, is one of the main causes of criminal behavior, warfare, etc. http://www.edc.org/GLG/end-terrorism/archive/0010.html

Sponsors End-Terrorism List invitation Documents Related Links From: Osher Doctorow ( osher@ix.netcom.com Date: Next message: Nancy White: "Re: The use of communications to end terrorism" Previous message: Scg116@aol.com: "Re: The use of communications to end terrorism" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Mail actions: [ respond to this message ] [ mail a new topic ] Prevention Sender: owner-end-terrorism@mail.edc.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: end-terrorism@mail.edc.org I respectfully disagree with Dr. Rodolfo J. Stusser, M.D. of Cuba. The illustration or example that comes to my mind is a person sitting down on a tiger and then responding by worrying that he/she has violated the Endangered Species Act. While scientific research is often commendable, responding to the World Trade Center disaster which killed approximately 6500 people (including aircraft passengers) by suggesting research into the causes of terrorism and reasoning with terrorists to change their ways seems to range from the naive to the exceptionally conservative. Research in political and social science, at least in the West, is too often undertaken

78. Golden Rules Page, Part 2 criminal behavior. On the other hand, they can not prove conclusivelythat religion itself causes criminal behavior directly. There are http://www.infidels.org/~godlessheathen/Golden_Rules2.html

LinkExchange Member Golden Rules Page Continued From "Studies: Atheists Supply Less Than 1% of Prison Populations" by Wayne Aiken, American Atheists (N.C. director): "In 'The New Criminology', Max D. Schlapp and Edward E. Smith say that two generations of statisticians found that the ratio of convicts without religious training is about 1/10th of 1%. W.T. Root, Professor of Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh examined 1,916 prisoners..." and found that "Unitarians, Agnostics, Atheists and Free-Thinkers were absent from penitentiaries, or nearly so... ...Surveyed Massachusettes reformatories found every inmate to be religious. In Joliet Prison, there were...no prisoners identified as non-religious... ...In Sing-Sing, there were 1,553 inmates, 855 of them Catholics, 518 Protestants, 117 Jews, and 8 non-religious." (The percentage of atheists in the general American population is about 10%, yet the non-religious in Sing-Sing numbered less than 1%). "...In one 19 state survey, Steiner found 15 non-believers, Spiritualists, Theosophists, Deists, Pantheists and 1 Agnostic among nearly 83,000 inmates... ...The Elmira, N.Y. reformatory system...31,000 inmates, including 15,694 Catholics (half) and 10,968 Protestants, 4,000 Jews, 325 refusing to answer, and unbelievers."

79. Criminology & Criminal Justice Organizational and occupational crime in comparison to other types of criminality;emphasis on causes, frequency, control Crime Analysis and criminal behavior. http://www.people.memphis.edu/~gradsch/grad_catalog/catcjus.html

Graduate Bulletin School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE Room 405, Mitchell Hall W. RICHARD JANIKOWSKI, JD, Chair DAVID FORDE, PhD Coordinator of Graduate Studies E-mail: ldavis@memphis.edu cas.memphis.edu/~cjustice/ Current Graduate Faculty Members I. The graduate program of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice seeks to serve students who are working or who want to work in the criminal justice system as well as those who wish to conduct research and teach in this area. A significant focus of the graduate program is on developing partnerships between researchers, policymakers, program developers, agency personnel, and other community groups. Through these partnerships, faculty conduct basic and applied research, program development, and evaluation in the many different facets of crime, criminology, and justice. The graduate program provides students with a solid foundation of knowledge about criminology, victimology, and the criminal justice system. The required course work emphasizes the study of research methods and statistics, providing students with the skills necessary for conducting and evaluating research. Graduate students have the opportunity to learn in both classroom and community settings and to work closely with faculty in all facets of research. II. MA Degree Program

80. Social Disorganization And Control Theories criminal acts are simple commonsensical, concrete, and result in immediate are simplydoing what comes naturally; What causes such behavior is not the http://www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/200/socdisor.html

Social Disorganization and Control Theories (these ideas are drawn from Goode: 1994, 1997, 2001; and Pfohl, Images of Deviance and Social Control Shift in focus: Social Causation Normative definition of deviance, deterministic approach Change is the problem transition from one state of order to another Deviance becomes seen as a "natural" problem for all societies, across time: a spatial/socio-ecological reality (localized anomie). Social Ecology (Park and Burgess): Society as Superorganism. Change as natural. Can't stop change, nor the problems associated with it, BUT sociologists can assist in reorganization process. Sources of Change: Science and Technology Urbanization Population growth, especially immigration and migration. Economic restructuringunemployment. Industrialization Change as a Threat To existing "Social Order" Challenge to dominance of traditional WASP Middle Class: Nativism Need to control deviance and the populations (ethnic/racial groups) that were seen as producing it. Goal: Reorganization based on traditional assumptions about the "natural order of society"

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