21. All About Crime Scene Analysis By Katherine Ramsland CRIME SCENE investigation. He used this in a criminal case to free an innocent man undercertain lighting, but can be raised to visibility with various methods. http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/forensics/crimescene/6.html?sect=21

22. All About Fingerprints And Other Impressions By Katherine Ramsland Macnaghten from Scotland Yard’s criminal investigation Department (CID wanted itsolved, and solved without questionable methods. a print had been used in a http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/forensics/fingerprints/2.html?sect=21

23. The M25 Case Campaign - Updates & Media Coverage there was little examination of criminal intent ..the the police in this investigation More significantly Rowe criticises the ;police methods used in an http://www.m25three.co.uk/update.html

M25 Three Campaign, case updates and media coverage Main Page Appeal Court Hearing - 10.30 Royal Courts of Justice on the Strand M25 THREE CAMPAIGN UPDATE SEPTEMBER 1999 POLICE INVESTIGATION DISCLOSES "CATALOGUE of ERRORS " A catalogue of elementary errors,procedural confusion,unauthorised entrapment methods,contradictory witness statements and the inexplicable destruction of vital forensic evidence are amongst the findings of an inquiry into the original police investigation of the case of the M25 Three who were convicted for murder following a series the burglaries in the M25 corridor in December 1989 that resulted in the death of 51 year old victim Peter Hurburgh. Three black men -Raphael Rowe,Michael Davis and Randolph Johnson -were found guilty of murder and robbery and sentenced to life imprisonment.All have protested their innocence since their conviction a decade ago . The Criminal Cases Review Commission has referred their case back to the Court of Appeal following a lengthy Greater Manchester Police review of the original investigation and the decision of the European Commission of Human Rights to refer the M25 case to the European Court of Justice on the grounds that the three convicted men were denied a fair trial because vital evidence was witheld by the police and Crown Prosecution Service. The Greater Manchester Police report contains devastating criticisms of the original investigation and those who were involved in it- the Surrey police .The report also reveals that the DAILY MAIL newspaper paid £10,000 reward money to the main prosecution witness against the M25 Three,- This man who was a known police informant and criminal who was an original suspect in the investigation.The GMP report says "On the 17th April 1990 he (DUNCAN) received a cheque from the Daily mail for £10,000. (9.19 GMP)

24. DNA & Forensics Compilation of related links from marketing firm in Olympia, WA.Category Science Science in Society Forensic Science DNA...... cases where her work was significant to a conviction. If any part of a criminal investigationinvolves a most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today. http://www.karisable.com/crdna1.htm

Criminal Investigations To join the True Crimes Discussion List: Send e-mail to: sllist@ourfriends.com In the body of the message type: subscribe truecrimes Articles Discussion News Resources ... Computer Crimes In 1985, a British researcher, Alec Jeffreys, discovered that each human being has unique DNA. In 1986, he used DNA testing to clear a teen-ager of two murders and to solve the case. DNA is found in white blood cells, which are not only in blood, but also in semen, skin, saliva, and hair follicles. Through an autopsy, the examination of the body of a dead person, forensic scientists learn about the cause of death. They look for rigor mortis which makes the muscles contract, making the body stiff. After about 36 hours, rigor mortis disappears, and the body becomes flexible. Another key is the level of decomposition. The study of blood, sera is a branch of forensic serology. In addition to blood, semen, saliva and sweat are some of the substances that reveal clues to a crime. Researchers can test a substance to find out whether or not it is blood. If the substance is blood, they can test whether it is human, and then the type.

25. DNA Bill suspects in the course of a criminal investigation or from and replaced with profilesbased on the successor methods. is only released to and used by those it http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/cons/dna/obfe/banking.html

ISSUE - BANKING DNA EVIDENCE The phrase "DNA evidence banking" is used here to denote both DNA banking and DNA data banking. DNA banking refers to the storage and use of the bodily substances obtained, while DNA data banking refers to the storage and dissemination of the information derived from these bodily substances. A. The Framework The idea of banking information for future criminal investigations is not new - for instance, it has been done with fingerprinting under the Identification of Criminals Act . Even for DNA typing there are precedents. In the United States, as of December 31, 1993, 21 states had enacted legislation, of varying breadth (see Appendix A), and 7 more have introduced bills. As well, the FBI has created a national DNA data banking system known as CODIS (Combined DNA Index System). This system is operating at the pilot stage, with 14 state laboratories involved (see Appendix B). The British Royal Commission on Criminal Justice has recommended, as part of a broad list of sweeping changes, the creation of DNA data banks, and Australia is studying the concept. The American National Academy of Science, noting the analogy to the latent fingerprint system, commented that the present forensic use of DNA typing is "only the tip of the iceberg":

26. Handbook Of Information Security ManagementLaw, Investigation, attacks merely use contemporary methods to commit essential for its perpetration,investigation, or prosecution used against traditional criminal offenses, and http://www.cccure.org/Documents/HISM/549-553.html

Previous Table of Contents Next Section 6-2 Investigation Chapter 6-2-1 Computer Crime Investigation and Computer Forensics Thomas Welch Incidents of computer-related crime and telecommunications fraud have increased dramatically over the past decade. However, because of the esoteric nature of this crime, there have been very few prosecutions and even fewer convictions. The new technology that has allowed for the advancement and automation of many business processes has also opened the door to many new forms of computer abuse. Although some of these system attacks merely use contemporary methods to commit older, more familiar types of crime, others involve the use of completely new forms of criminal activity that evolved along with the technology. Computer crime investigation and computer forensics are also evolving sciences that are affected by many external factors, such as continued advancements in technology, societal issues, and legal issues. Many gray areas need to be sorted out and tested through the courts. Until then, the system attackers will have an advantage, and computer abuse will continue to increase. Computer security practitioners must be aware of the myriad technological and legal issues that affect systems and users, including issues dealing with investigations and enforcement. This chapter covers each area of computer crime investigation and computer forensics. COMPUTER CRIME DEFINED According to the American Heritage Dictionary

27. Fingerprinting Latent prints are developed using a variety of methods. Lasers may also be used todetect latent prints 3 Palmiotto, Michael J. (1994) criminal investigation. http://et.nmsu.edu/~etti/summer97/security/finger.html

Fingerprinting - an Emerging Technology by Debbie Salter dsalter@nmsu.edu Engineering Technology 357 New Mexico State University Over the past few years, as society has grown, the crime rate has also increased. Politicians, law enforcement personnel, criminal justice experts, and numerous other people have not only tried to explain the cause for this increase but also have tried to find ways to combat this problem. One way that experts have begun to combat this problem is through automated fingerprint identification technology. BACKGROUND In the United States, the first systematic and official use of fingerprints for personal identification was adopted by the New York City Civil Service Commission in 1901. The method was used for classification of civil service applications. In 1924, the fingerprint records of the Bureau of Investigation and Leavenworth Prision were merged to form the nucleus of the identification records of the new Federal Bureau of Investigation. Presently, the FBI has the largest collection of fingerprints in the world. [1] FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION IS BASED ON THREE KEY PRINCIPLES: A fingerprint is an individual characteristic;

28. 5236 - CRIMINAL FINANCIAL INVESTIGATOR criminal Financial Investigators work for long periods in a plan of inquiry, interviewing,and field investigation. methods and tactics used by organized crime http://www.hr.das.state.or.us/hrsd/class/5236.HTM

State of Oregon DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES Human Resource Services Division CRIMINAL FINANCIAL INVESTIGATOR GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CLASS Criminal Financial Investigators are sworn police officers. They analyze the financial records of individuals and businesses to reveal the infiltration of organized crime into legitimate businesses. Criminal Financial Investigators also analyze the financial records and net worth of suspected and convicted criminals to enable the State to appropriate their assets under the Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organization Act (RICO). DISTINGUISHING FEATURES This is a single classification and not currently part of a series of classes. The class of Criminal Financial Investigator is distinguished from the Financial Investigator class by the emphasis of investigating the infiltration of organized crime into legitimate businesses, and the analysis of financial records to enable the state to appropriate assets under RICO. The focus on financial investigation requiring the use of advanced accounting and financial auditing principles and practices, and the regular guidance given to other investigators on financial investigations distinguish it from the Investigator class series and the Criminal Investigator classification. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The duties listed below are characteristic of the type and level of work associated with the class. Individual positions may do all or some combination of the duties listed.

29. 5234 - CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR criminal Investigators work for long periods in of inquiry, interviewing, field investigation,covert investigations methods and tactics used by organized crime http://www.hr.das.state.or.us/hrsd/class/5234.HTM

State of Oregon DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES Human Resource Services Division CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CLASS Criminal investigators are sworn police officers. They give investigative and trial assistance to Oregon State prosecutors and district attorneys. Criminal Investigators investigate allegations of malfeasance of public officials, suspected organized criminal activities, criminally generated investment funds, narcotics trafficking and homicides. DISTINGUISHING FEATURES This is a single classification and not currently part of a series of classes. The type and complexity of investigation distinguish this classification from classes in the Investigator series. The investigations are usually multi-jurisdictional. Operations and activities under investigation are large in number, of a wide diversity, or the investigative inter-relationships are difficult to establish. When solving investigative problems, employees have few guidelines, procedures or known techniques beyond laws, policies and regulations. Work in the Criminal Investigator classification does not require the use of advanced accounting and financial auditing principles and practices. This distinguishes the class from Criminal Financial Investigator, which analyzes financial records to investigate criminal activity.

30. BBC News | ARCHIVE | Anthrax Attacks was a secret CIA project to investigate methods of sending Last time she questionedthe investigation, she was if not result in a criminal conviction, make it http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/audiovideo/programmes/newsnight/archive/newsid_

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Audio/Video: Programmes: Newsnight: Archive ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Anthrax attacks A Newsnight investigation raised the possibility that there was a secret CIA project to investigate methods of sending anthrax through the mail which went madly out of control. The shocking assertion is that a key member of the covert operation may have removed, refined and eventually posted weapons-grade anthrax which killed five people. In the wake of Sept 11th, the anthrax attacks caused panic throughout the States and around the world. But has the FBI found the whole case too hot to handle? Our science editor Susan Watts reported from Washington. SUSAN WATTS: America's anthrax attack last autumn was second only to that on the Twin Towers in the degree of shock and anxiety it caused...Some even say the anthrax letters triggered sub-clinical hysteria in the American people...yet this, the first major act of biological terrorism the world has seen remains an unsolved crime... Initially the investigation looked for a possible Al-Qaeda or Iraqi link, then to a domestic terrorist, then inwards to the US bio-defence programme itself. But in the last four or five weeks the investigation seems to have run into the sand...There have been several theories as to why ...

31. The End And The Means between the investigator and the subject of investigation. the Home Ministry intothe methods used by Tehelka However, Tehelka's criminal liability is a matter http://www.flonnet.com/fl1818/18180220.htm

Volume 18 - Issue 18, Sep. 01 - 14, 2001 India's National Magazine from the publishers of THE HINDU Table of Contents SCANDAL The end and the means Expose II from Tehelka raises serious questions about journalistic ethics and the validity of the evidence thus collected. NAUNIDHI KAUR in New Delhi ON the face of it, the facts of the case were fairly simple. Journalists of tehelka.com, posing themselves as arms dealers, secretly videotaped Defence Ministry and Army officials accepting money from them. The journalists distributed gold chains and cash to these officials to show that fixing sensitive deals in the Defence Ministry was as easy as that. The bottom line was that political corruption was rampant in India. Justice K. Venkataswami (right) at the Vigyan Bhavan. What complicated matters then was the fact that Tehelka used professional sex workers to deal with three Army officers and secretly videotaped the acts. Tehelka Expose part II has gone beyond discussions on substantiative findings to the ethics of the methods used. The question is no longer confined to ascertaining who occupies the high moral ground - Tehelka or the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government. It is also about finding answers or unravelling the legal guidelines to confirm if criminal action can be taken against Tehelka and its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Editor, Tarun Tejpal. The debate has spilled over to questions of journalistic ethics. Does the end justify the means in this case?

32. DEGREE PROGRAMS for the student in all areas of the criminal justice system of traffic law and enforcement,the methods used, accident investigation procedures and http://www.tiu.org/degree.htm

The International University offers degree programs ranging from the Associate to the Doctoral levels. We have degree programs in several different subject areas, please inquire as to what programs are available. Degree Programs Certificate Programs Key to Course Prefixes CO-OP Programs ... System of Grading DEGREES Associate of Science Accounting Rescue Management Computer Automotive Science Security Education Technology Business Education Marketing Travel Criminal Justice Economics Taxation Electronics Law Enforcement Finance Paralegal Health Electrical Agriscience Bachelor of Science Security Education Business Marketing Travel Criminal Justice Economics Taxation Electronics Law Enforcement Finance Paralegal Health Electrical Trade Agriscience Drafting Cosmetology

33. The Law Of Confessions ENVIRONMENT methods used Positive incentives are then usually used in an attemptto O'Hara, C. L. O'Hara (1980) Fundamentals of criminal investigation. http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/410/410lect12.htm

THE LAW OF CONFESSIONS The law of confessions doesn't exist in any one place. It is a conglomeration of Constitutional Law, Federal and State statutes (legislative law), and Anglo-American tradition. This is usually expressed as the five (5) hurdles that a confession must pass in order to be considered valid: SOURCES OF THE LAW OF CONFESSIONS 4th Amendment exclusionary rule - this forces a suppression hearing anytime someone claims the confession is invalid. Actually, this branch of the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule is known as the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine and is drawn from the case of Wong Sun v. U.S. 371 U.S. 471 (1963). Confessions, no matter how voluntary, are automatically fruit of the poisonous tree if a suspect's fourth amendment rights were violated. 5th Amendment self-incrimination right - word-for-word it reads like this: no person...shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself . This means testimony, not physical evidence. 6th Amendment right to counsel - extended to all critical pretrial phases of criminal procedure.

34. GNN - News Article for the prosecution have published their account of the materials, methods,and analysis they used during the criminal investigation. http://gnn.tigr.org/articles/01_03/hiv.shtml

GNN Home About GNN Subscribe Contact Us ... Archives Guilty Sequence In court, scientists map a murder weapon By Kate Dalke January 24, 2003 he case was tragic and bizarre. In 1998, a Louisiana doctor was convicted of attempting to murder his ex-girlfriend, a nurse. The murder weapon was a syringe of HIV-infected blood drawn from a patient under the doctor's care. The story, according to prosecutors, went like this: Schmidt arrived at his former girlfriend's house the night of August 4, 1994, and gave her what he said was a vitamin injection. Six months later, when the victim tested positive for HIV, she accused the doctor of infecting her. Circumstantial evidence indicated that Schmidt had injected the victim with blood drawn at his office from a male patient infected with HIV. DNA fingerprinting has been widely used to link human suspects to crimes. This trial was different, however, because the virus mutates so rapidly that in a matter of hours its DNA fingerprint can change significantly. The case marks the first time this type of evolutionary analysis, called phylogenetics, has been admitted as evidence in a US criminal court. Scientists for the prosecution said they found strong evidence that HIV had been transmitted from patient to victim. Scientists for the defense disagreed.

35. 33. Criminal Investigation - Introduction (1 Hr.) The application of the instruments and methods of the The standard used to determinethe guilt or innocence of a person criminal investigation General (16 Hrs http://www.tcleose.state.tx.us/GuideInst/HTML/1000/77leg/33-77.htm

Criminal Investigation - Introduction (1 hr.) Unit Goal: The student will have a working knowledge of the goals and objectives of criminal investigation. Define Criminal Investigation. Criminal Investigation is a lawful search for people, land, things useful in reconstructing the circumstances of an illegal act or omission and the mental state accompanying it. Criminal Investigation, Basic Perspectives, 5th ed., Weston Paul B. and Kenneth M. Wells, Prentice Hall, 1990, pg.1. Identify the tools of the criminal investigator. Information - The knowledge which the criminal investigator gathers from other persons. Interview/interrogation - The questioning of witnesses and suspects. Interview - The questioning of a person who has no personal reason to withhold information and therefore may be expected to cooperate with the investigator. Interrogation - The questioning of a suspect or other person who may normally be expected to be reluctant to divulge information concerning the offense under investigation. Instrumentation - The application of the instruments and methods of the physical sciences to the detection of crime.

36. Dr. Gail Anderson Associate professor in forensic science and entomology. Laboratory, research interests, publications, Category Reference Education Laboratories and Individuals...... major forensic sciences used in criminal investigation today, as its possible rolein the criminal justice system of the current status of methods used in the http://www.sfu.ca/~ganderso/

DR. GAIL S. ANDERSON Associate Professor Associate Director B. Sc. Honours Zoology (Manchester University); M.P.M., Ph.D. ( Simon Fraser University Forensic Entomology Current Research Interests Forensic Entomology Lab ... Publications Photo by Marianne Meadahl, Current Research Interests forensic science, forensic entomology with particular emphasis on carrion ecology, medical and veterinary entomology To Contact me Dr. Gail Anderson School of Criminology Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby, B.C. Phone: (604) 291-3589 or Fax: Email: ganderso@sfu.ca COURSES THAT I TEACH CRIM 355 THE FORENSIC SCIENCES This course will examine the use and interpretation of physical forensic evidence in court. It will critically examine and evaluate the major forensic sciences used in criminal investigation today, as well as look at the crime scene. Subjects examined will include victim identification, mode, manner cause of death, crime scene analysis, forensic biology, DNA evidence, firearms evidence, toxicology, chemistry and questioned documents. CRIM 370 DIRECTED READINGS Independent readings in a selected field of study usually in forensic science, police work, crime scenes, psychological profiling, ViCLAS, serial crime analysis

37. Drug Crime Two civil enforcement methods used by this Office are Even when criminal prosecutionof a drug dealer search warrants in a narcotics investigation can still be http://www.bronxda.net/fighting_crime/drug_crime.htm

Drug Crime The Bronx District Attorney’s Narcotics Bureau prosecutes felony offenses relating to the possession and sale of controlled substances, including heroin, cocaine and crack. In addition to these established drugs, ecstasy and other "designer drugs" are available on the streets of the Bronx. The bureau prosecutes individuals who sell these drugs with the same vigor as those who sell any other controlled substance. The bureau’s senior assistant district attorneys also prosecute homicides and other violent felonies, most of which are drug-related. Over the past 12 years combined, 58% of Bronx defendants convicted on felony drug charges were sentenced to state prison, a higher proportion than that for both New York State (53%) and the rest of New York City (52%). Complex drug-trafficking operations are difficult to close and may require expensive, long-term investigations, using sophisticated electronic equipment. In December 1999, police began such an investigation that would not end until early 2001. Case: More Than a Bodega Manuel and Eric Irizarry ran a narcotics business from a number of locations: a bodega on East 142nd street, a basement apartment adjacent to the bodega and two other locations. The drug trafficking operation was a busy one; investigators observed as many as 25 individuals entering the location within a single hour. The location was directly across the street from the Mott Haven and Patterson housing developments, and the 24-hour a day drug business was very upsetting to the residents of those developments.

38. UMPD Police Academy necessary to bring a thorough criminal investigation to a chemical agents and riotformations used to quell exercise, and weight control as methods of dealing http://www.umpd.umd.edu/organization/Training/17_Curriculum.htm

University of Maryland Police Academy Session XVII COURSE CURRICULUM ACADEMY ORIENTATION: T o explain the rules and regulations that apply to the student officers during their assignment to the Police Academy. T o acquaint the student officers with the reasons and necessity of rules and procedures of the academy. To impress on the student officers the standards of conduct expected of them during their training period. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION: T o develop the student officer's skills in the proper methods and techniques to be applied in basic accident investigation. These skills are applied in the investigation of mock accidents. MPTC: ARREST PROCESSING PROCEDURES: T o give the student officers a basic knowledge of the booking and processing responsibilities of the arresting officer, to include: types of prisoners to be segregated, requirements for taking prisoner's personal property, solicitation on behalf of an attorney, required notifications, and procedures regarding the officer's weapon. MPTC: ARREST/SEARCH WARRANTS and STATEMENT OF CHARGES: T he student officers will receive instruction on the proper charging documents to utilize, depending on the case facts at hand, and will actually fill out the statement of charges and make applications for arrest/search warrants.

39. By John J extent of the background investigation requested, the vendor and the methods involved. backgroundinvestigations involving criminal conviction history, driving http://www.corpsecure.com/css/home/security/employers roulette article.htm

By John J. Posey, C.P.P. Your organization needs to fill positions A.S.A.P., the recruitment market is tight, competition for qualified applicants gets tougher and tougher. Yet most prospective employers expend more effort searching for the right fax machine than in assuring that their job applicants are not bringing the potential for serious problems into the workplace. Most hiring managers and human resource professionals are keenly aware of the obvious reasons to screen prospective applicants to identify potential problems. Right away thoughts turn to liability for hiring people who commit crimes or other acts where the employer fails to exercise reasonable care in hiring an applicant who proves to be a danger to others. It is easy to have a false confidence that such liability horror stories haven't and won't occur in your hiring process. For any organization doing business today, there are some significant reasons to evaluate the need to avoid " EMPLOYER'S ROULETTE". To illustrate, a local area company was recruiting for a forklift driver. The application was tendered, the applicant appeared to be qualified, and the applicant was hired. The usual employment history was verified, there were some gaps in employment dates, but the applicant has acceptable explanations. Within one year the applicant files multiple worker's compensation claims costing the hiring company in excess of $200,000.in claims management, medical evaluations, staff resources, and related costs. While examining this situation the employer decided to investigate whether the applicant had a previous history of questionable claims or criminal convictions.

40. Criminal Investigation | Glossary analysis, The use of systematic analytical methods to acquire when a factor externalto the investigation results in not enough to constitute a criminal homicide http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072564938/student_view0/glossary.html

Student Center Instructor Center Information Center Home ... Spotlight on Terrorism Choose one... Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Criminal Investigation, 8/e Charles R. Swanson, University of Georgia Neil C. Chamelin, Assistant State Attorney, Second Judicial Circuit Leonard Territo, University of South Florida- Tampa Glossary AAMVANET Maintained by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, a computerized network linking state and Canadian province agencies on matters of highway usage and safety. accelerant In fire starting, any flammable fluid or compound that speeds the progress of a fire. Also called booster action stereotyping Based on typical actions, stereotyping in which an officer expects that a certain type of event will unfold in a particular way; can result in the officer's failure to see the event the way it actually occurs. active system (theft deterrent) A type of vehicle antitheft device which requires that the driver do something to activate and deactivate the system every time the vehicle is parked or driven.

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