81. Asmara, Eritrea-Evangelical Churches Closed By Government SIM International has been informed by the American Embassy in eritrea that theeritrean government has closed all churches other than the Orthodox, Roman http://www.sim.co.uk/uksite/news/pressr/020517.html

SIM-UK/N. Europe Wetheringsett Manor Wetheringsett Stowmarket Suffolk IP14 5QX Tel: +44 (0)1449 766464 Fax: +44 (0)1449 767148 E-mail: info@sim.co.uk SIM International (UK) Registered Charity No. 219763 Company Limited by Guarantee No. 611250 Asmara, Eritrea-Evangelical Churches Closed by Government SIM International has been informed by the American Embassy in Eritrea that the Eritrean government has closed all churches other than the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Mekane Yesus (Lutheran) denominations. All other groups, including the SIM-related Kale Hiwot Church of Eritrea (KHCE), have been closed down. Other sources in Eritrea indicate that this action may be related to the large number of Eritrean soldiers who were converted to evangelical faith on the battlefield during the long war with Ethiopia, due to the witness of other believers and to Christian radio broadcasts. SIM's missionaries in Eritrea will remain there pending clarification of government action. Meanwhile, church leaders are trusting in the Lord and are organizing themselves into house churches. The mission and church leaders are calling on believers worldwide to stand with them in prayer as they seek God's guidance to deal with this new situation.

82. Eritrea-Ethiopia: Peace Agreements Digital Collection-United States Institute Of Ethiopia. AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE government OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA AND THE government OF THE STATE OF eritrea. http://www.usip.org/library/pa/eritrea_ethiopia/eritrea_ethiopia_12122000.html

United States Institute of Peace Library Peace Agreements Digital Collection: Eritrea-Ethiopia AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF ERITREA The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea (the "parties"), Reaffirming their acceptance of the Organization of African Unity ("OAU") Framework Agreement and the Modalities for its Implementation, which have been endorsed by the 35th ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, held in Algiers, Algeria, from 12 to 14 July 1999, Recommitting themselves to the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities, signed in Algiers on 18 June 2000, Welcoming the commitment of the OAU and United Nations, through their endorsement of the Framework Agreement and Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities, to work closely with the international community to mobilize resources for the resettlement of displaced persons, as well as rehabilitation and peace building in both countries, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 1. The parties shall permanently terminate military hostilities between themselves. Each party shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the other.

83. Eritrea: Cease Persecution Of Journalists And Dissidents (Human Rights Watch Pre that the eritrea/Ethiopia war is formally over, and both governments have acceptedthe arbitration decision on the border dispute, the eritrean government has http://www.hrw.org/press/2002/05/eritrea0516.htm

Africa Americas Asia Europe/Central Asia ... HRW Documents on Eritrea FREE Join the HRW Mailing List Eritrea: Cease Persecution of Journalists and Dissidents (New York, May 16, 2002) The Eritrean government should immediately release nine jailed journalists who have been in detention without charge since September 2001, Human Rights Watch said today. Related Material Escalating Crackdown in Eritrea HRW Press Release, September 21, 2001 “Suppression of the independent press means that the Eritrean people have no access to information except from government sources.” Peter Takirambudde, executive director of the Africa division of Human Rights Watch The journalists were detained after the authorities banned all private and independent publications in Eritrea in September 2001. They began a hunger strike in late March to protest their detention, and on April 3 were transferred from Police Station One in Asmara to an undisclosed location. Eleven political dissidents imprisoned in harsh conditions since September 2001 also remain in custody. “Suppression of the independent press means that the Eritrean people have no access to information except from government sources,” said Peter Takirambudde, executive director of the Africa division of Human Rights Watch.

84. Statement Of The Government Of Eritrea On The War Statement of the government of eritrea on the war, eritrea, Politics. Statement ofthe government of eritrea on the war eritreaEthiopia, Politics, 6/1/2000. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/000601/2000060145.html

85. Amnesty International 1999 Annual Report On Eritrea In September the eritrean government allowed the International Committeeof the Red Cross (icrc) to open an office in eritrea. The http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/ar99/afr64.htm

AI REPORT 1999: ERITREA Some civilians were reportedly killed unlawfully by both government forces and an armed opposition group. In May war broke out between Eritrea and Ethiopia after Eritrean troops occupied an area claimed by Eritrea. Eritrean air strikes against Ethiopia in June killed 48 people, including children, in a school and in other civilian areas in Mekelle and Adigrat towns in Ethiopia's Tigray region. An Ethiopian air attack on Asmara airport killed one person. Further air strikes by both sides were quickly suspended and there was little further fighting until November, when shelling resumed in contested border areas where Eritrea had mobilized troops and national service conscripts. Several hundred soldiers on each side were reportedly killed during fighting in June and a large number of others taken prisoner. More than 40,000 men, women and children of Eritrean origin, most of them Ethiopian citizens, were deported from Ethiopia to Eritrea in harsh conditions (see Ethiopia entry).

86. Government 1. What type of government does eritrea currently have? Does the arrangement of eritrea'sgovernment look similar to any other government you may be aware of? http://www.hcps-socialstudies.org/eritrea/government.htm

Main Page Teacher Information Background Procedures ... Resources Research Questions for the Secretary General Some questions give the resource number. Some question marked "think" are not to be found in the resources but only in your head! Research questions availble as a MS Word Document: 1. What type of government does Eritrea currently have? What does this mean? ( RS#2) 2. What type of government does Eritrea want to have? 3. How many branches is the government supposed to have? 4. What document is the "rule book" for your government? 5. What is your most important national holiday? Why is it important? 6. THINK! Does the arrangement of Eritrea's government look similar to any other government you may be aware of? 7. When did your country become independent? 8. What were some of the ancient kingdoms Eritrea was part of? 9. What European power controlled Eritrea during the Colonial period? How about after W.W.II? 10. Who ruled your country in the into the beginning of the 1990's 11. Did the people of Eritrea want independence? How do you know this?

87. Eritrea Law & Government - LawResearch eritrea Law government. government Type Republic government leaderIssayas Afewerkipresident (1994 1997, constitution is set http://www.lawresearch.com/v10/global/zer.htm

LAW RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LAW UNITED STATES LAW LAW SEARCH ENGINE State ... Legislative Government Type Republic Government leader Issayas Afewerkipresident (1994 - 1997, constitution is set to be approved by second half of 1997, see draft constitution ) Legislature National Assembly ( draft constitution ) Political Party One (PFDJ) Political subdivisions 5 regions (see map, should be a link to a map here) President Isaias Afworki Eritrea Network Information Center - People, history, newsletter, Networking, gopher, East Africa, Horn Africa Ethiopia. Eritrea.Net - travel, business, history. Eritrean Development and Information Network/Dehai Back to the Top of this Page "Just The Law Links" Search Engine LawResearch Homepage ... Email Comments To LawResearch

88. Eritrea: Sustainable Forest Use Threatened By Government Policies eritrea Sustainable forest use threatened by government policies.The Western Lowlands of eritrea are the easternmost extension http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/50/Eritrea.html

Eritrea: Sustainable forest use threatened by government policies The Western Lowlands of Eritrea are the easternmost extension of the Sahel, lying between Eritrea’s border with the Sudan and the Eritrean/Ethiopian highlands. Their hills and plains are mainly covered with semi-desert scrub and savannah woodland and interrupted by three river valleys clothed with remarkably dense woodland, some of it mixed acacia and dom palm and elsewhere almost pure stands of dom palm (Hyphaene thebaica). Six ethnic groups live there, amounting to several hundred thousand people with their distinct survival systems characterised by flexibility to face the numerous natural and human-made plights which have played havoc in the past forty years. Major droughts and war have led to a collapse of the farming system, many deaths and mass exodus of the population as refugees. In 1998-2000, the Lowlands were invaded by Ethiopian armies. At all times, forest products play a crucial role in people’s livelihoods. All the tribes rely largely on the forest to meet their subsistence needs (housing, tools and some food) and dom palm fibre is the principal source of cash income for the majority of the Lowland population (belonging to the Tigre, the Beni Amer and the hidareb tribes). Also, in peacetime and when rainfall levels allow at least some cropping and herding, the poorer members of the community or those who cannot farm land such as the many war widows make a living on cutting, weaving and selling palm. Also dom palm nuts are a food of last resort in the hungry season before harvests, and in drought years they become a staple food for many.

89. Government Country Reports On The UN Standard Rules - Eritrea Profiles. eritrea download 'government Reports on the UN Standard Rules'as a PDF file (600k) © Dimitris Michailakis 1997. Ministry http://www.independentliving.org/standardrules/UN_Answers/Eritrea.html

homepage Government Action on Disability Policy A Global Survey Part II - Government Replies as Country Profiles Eritrea download 'Government Reports on the UN Standard Rules' as a PDF file Ministry unspecified (17 April 1996) Join discussion: Compliance with UN Standard Rules General policy The officially recognized disability policy in Eritrea is expressed in guidelines adopted by the National Disability Council and in policy adopted by political parties. The emphasis - in descending scale - is on: rehabilitation, prevention, accessibility measures, anti-discrimination law, individual support. The Government has conveyed the message of full participation on the occasions of national and regional conferences organized to popularise the CBR programme of disabled persons in Eritrea. Legislation The rights of persons with disabilities are protected by general legislation. A Governmental body (administrative) aims at protecting of the rights of persons with disabilities. The general legislation applies to all categories of persons with disabilities with respect to: education, employment, the right to marriage, the right to parenthood/family, political rights, access to court-of-law, right to privacy, property rights. The following benefits are guaranteed by law to persons with disabilities: health and medical care, training, rehabilitation and counselling, financial security, employment, independent living, and participation in decisions affecting them. No new legislation has been enacted since the adoption of the Standard Rules.

90. GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF ERITREA AND UNITED NATIONS RAPID VILLAGE ASSESSMENT  government OF THE STATE OF eritrea AND UNITED NATIONS RAPID VILLAGEASSESSMENT 25 April 2001 Executive Summary. Background With http://www.edfonline.org/News/April2001/1_12.htm

GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF ERITREA AND UNITED NATIONS RAPID VILLAGE ASSESSMENT 2-5 April 2001 Executive Summary Background With the agreement to establish a confidence-building Temporary Security Zone (TSZ) between Ethiopia and Eritrea, it was decided that additional coordination mechanisms were necessary. As such, a three-tiered coordination mechanism was developed to facilitate humanitarian assistance in the TSZ (see Annex 5 for further details). The Steering Committee noted in March 2001, that since the TSZ had yet to be established and it was therefore impossible to conduct a comprehensive needs assessment, a rapid assessment should be carried out. In addition, a one-day appraisal of three locations in areas expected to fall into the TSZ, conducted by UN agencies on 1 March 2001 (See Annex 6 for further details), noted a general lack of baseline data and a need for further data collection. In this context, the Technical Advisory Sub-Committee on Assessments and Information proceeded to plan a rapid assessment. Aims and Objectives The aim of the rapid assessment was to collect baseline data including information on access, education, food and agriculture, health, infrastructure (including status of roads, electricity and civil administration buildings), shelter, population figures, and water and sanitation. It was envisaged that the baseline data would:

91. Ethiopian Government Reopens Borders With Eritrea Ethiopian government reopens borders with eritrea, UN mission reports6 May – The Ethiopian government has reopened its borders http://www.un.org/esa/africa/UNNewsOnAfrica/ethiopia_reopens_borders.htm

Ethiopian Government reopens borders with Eritrea, UN mission reports 6 May The Ethiopian Government has reopened its borders with Eritrea, which had been closed since 27 April, the United Nations reported today. According to the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea, known as UNMEE, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the region, Legwaila Joseph Legwaila, who had been in Addis Ababa since the imposition of the measures by Ethiopia, crossed the border this morning and headed to Asmara, the capital of Eritrea. Regular UNMEE flights are scheduled to resume on Wednesday, the Mission said, adding that it did not yet have a full picture of the movements of its peacekeepers across the border. Meanwhile, the decision of the independent Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission was released today at UN Headquarters in New York as an official document of the Security Council. The 125-page decision, announced in The Hague on 13 April, sets out the Commission’s finding regarding delimitation of the border between the two formerly warring nations. According to the Algiers Peace Agreement, signed by the two parties in December 2000, the decision of the Boundary Commission is to be considered "final and binding."

92. TradeXport - Africa - Eritrea - Government 36,736 sites/1,913 categories /66 visitors this month, http://216.54.220.4/Dir/Africa/Eritrea/Government/Index.cfm

36,736 sites/1,913 categories /61 visitors this month Monday, 07 April 2003 Country Map Business Guide Africa Eritrea : Government

93. LocalGovStrength-Africa, Local Government Strengthening, Eritrea On full independence in 1991, therefore the Provisional government of eritrea (PGE)conducted a seminar of all concerned to help shape to gain acceptance of a http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/dec/monograph/LocalGovStrength-ERI.htm

Region: Region: Africa Thematic Focus: Local Government Strengthening Country: Eritrea Context Prior to independence, Eritrea was a highly centralized region. After gaining independence, Eritrea was divided into an administrative Zone, Sub zone, and District/village administrative areas. These arrangements were top-down service delivery, but at the village level, people's committees or people's assemblies were established through popular democratic participation. Later, a decentralized administrative system was set up by reforming the zonal levels into province, district, sub-district and village (Area) levels. At the time however, the central units were reluctant to delegate responsibilities to the lower units, resulting in friction between the regional administrations and the line agencies. On full independence in 1991, therefore the Provisional Government of Eritrea (PGE) conducted a seminar of all concerned to help shape to gain acceptance of a new, decentralized system of government. Key Factors The administrative system that was enacted is aimed at achieving balanced development, ensuring popular participation in deciding local affairs, and encouraging local initiatives. The local government structure has legislative, executive and judiciary branches at the provincial, district and village levels, with the addition of executive and judiciary branches at the sub-provincial level. The Provincial and District Councils are formed from elected members of the level below, with direct popular elections at Village/Area Council level. Councils have significant authority to establish policies and regulations, raise taxes, approve budgets, and appoint executive staff at their respective level.

94. Amnesty International - Library - Eritrea: Arbitrary Detentions Of Government Cr convicted, possibly for political reasons. Recommendations to theGovernment of eritrea. Amnesty International is concerned that http://web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/recent/AFR640082002!Open

HOME LIBRARY WORLD WIDE SITES Search Document library Recent documents Annual report Receive updates by email ... Order AI publications ERITREA Annual report entries: LIBRARY AFRICA EAST AFRICA ERITREA AI INDEX: AFR 64/008/2002 18 September 2002 Printer Friendly Printer Friendly PDF Eritrea Arbitrary detention of government critics and journalists Introduction Government critics and journalists in Eritrea have been held in secret incommunicado detention for one year now, since the government clamped down on increasing criticism of the government in September 2001. Eleven members of the National Assembly (parliament) who had been leading figures during Eritrea's independence struggle were arrested for voicing their opposition to government policies. Ten journalists were also arrested in September 2001 when the government shut down all the privately-owned news media. In April 2002 they went on hunger strike in protest at their unlawful detention and were transferred to an unknown place of detention. Dozens of other government critics - civil servants, businesspeople, journalists, former liberation movement fighters, and elders who had sought to mediate between the government and its critics - have been arrested since September 2001. None of those detained has been taken to court or charged with any offence. They have been denied all access to the outside world, including their families, and there are serious concerns for their health. The authorities have not provided the detainees' families with formal notification of the detentions or the detainees' whereabouts. In some cases they have refused to acknowledge that the detainees are being held in custody, giving rise to fears for their safety.

95. United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks - OCHA IRIN, part of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, offers customized e-mail Category News Personalized News...... ISLAMABAD, 19 March (IRIN) Pakistan’s government and human rights activistshave welcomed Sunday's announcement by Afghan President Hamid Karzai that http://www.irinnews.org/

Monday April 7 2003 Home About IRIN Africa Asia ... Archive Search IRAQ CRISIS NEWS Iraq Crisis IRIN AFRICA Latest News ... WEBSPECIALS Other AudioVisual Africa Maps Central Asia Maps LEAD STORIES FOR AFRICA AND ASIA ANGOLA: Urgent need in transit centres JOHANNESBURG, 7 April (IRIN) - Thousands of people are without food and shelter in transit centres as the Angolan government closes gathering areas, where former UNITA soldiers and their relatives had been quartered. Full report DRC: UN delivers aid to survivors of massacre in Ituri BUNIA, 7 April (IRIN) - The UN flew medicines and plastic sheeting on Monday to survivors of an attack on a Hema community in the northeastern Ituri district, Democratic Republic of the Congo, as UN officials investigated a massacre there said to have claimed around 1,000 victims. Full report BURUNDI: Opposition leader released from house arrest BUJUMBURA, 7 April (IRIN) - The Burundian government said on Friday it had released Jean Baptiste Bagaza, the leader of the suspended Tutsi opposition Parti pour le redressement national (PARENA), from house arrest. Full report ETHIOPIA: Major resettlement programme underway in north ADDIS ABABA, 7 April (IRIN) - A major resettlement programme for thousands of people is underway in northern Ethiopia, despite a warning that facilities like water and health supplies are not in place.

96. NetAfrica Org - Eritrea E R I T R E A. Please select eritrea Detail Info to Explore more oferitrea. This new official map is courtesy of the eritrean Embassy http://www.netafrica.org/eritrea.htm

E R I T R E A Please select "Eritrea Detail Info" to Explore more of Eritrea This new official map is courtesy of the Eritrean Embassy in Washington, D.C. NetAfrica treated the map with color to enlighten boundaries. Boundaries are approximate. Some map boundaries on other Websites may not provide authoritative representation nor be authentic. NetAfrica.org(TM) NetAfrica.org is not responsible for any false or misleading information published on this site. Contact jo@netafrica.org

97. Escalating Crackdown In Eritrea (Human Rights Watch Press Release, New York, Sep Heightening these concerns was a statement published in Hadas eritrea, a governmentnewspaper and the only one currently allowed to publish, claiming that the http://www.hrw.org/press/2001/09/eritrea0921.htm

Africa Americas Asia Europe/Central Asia ... HRW World Report 2001: Africa FREE Join the HRW Mailing List Escalating Crackdown in Eritrea Reformists, Journalists, Students At Risk (New York, September 21, 2001) The government of Eritrea has intensified a major crackdown on its opponents in recent days, Human Rights Watch charged today "The government is trying to stamp out all criticism of its disastrous war policies. The situation is growing sharply worse." Suliman Baldo, Senior Researcher Africa Division of Human Rights Watch President Isaias Afewerki’s government should immediately free recently detained political dissidents, allow the return of university students to their classes, and lift the ban it decreed as of Wednesday on privately owned newspapers, Human Rights Watch said. "The government is trying to stamp out all criticism of its disastrous war policies," said Suliman Baldo, senior researcher in the Africa Division of Human Rights Watch. "The situation is growing sharply worse." At the root of the unrest is the government’s prosecution of the country’s disastrous two-year border war with Ethiopia that caused tremendous suffering for the population, and seriously undermined the country’s developmental achievements.

98. IFEX Alert See bottom of page. (CPJ/IFEX) – The following is a CPJ press release ERITREAGOVERNMENT ADMITS TO CPJ THAT IT IS HOLDING JOURNALISTS IN SECRET DETENTION. http://www.ifex.org/alerts/view.html?id=11049

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