61. ETHIOPIA / ERITREA CULTURE WAR News DATE=4/20/99 TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT NUMBER=543168 TITLE=ethiopia / ERITREACULTURE WAR BYLINE=SCOTT STEARNS DATELINE=ADDIS ABABA CONTENT= VOICED AT INTRO http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/1999/04/990420-eritrea.htm

DATE=4/20/99 TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT NUMBER=5-43168 TITLE=ETHIOPIA / ERITREA CULTURE WAR BYLINE=SCOTT STEARNS DATELINE=ADDIS ABABA CONTENT= VOICED AT: INTRO: ERITREA'S PRESIDENT SAYS HIS WAR WITH NEIGHBORING ETHIOPIA IS NOT ABOUT RIVAL BORDER CLAIMS, IT IS ABOUT CULTURE. AS V-O-A EAST AFRICA CORRESPONDENT SCOTT STEARNS REPORTS, THESE FORMER ALLIES IN THE HORN OF AFRICA HAVE MADE THE WAR PERSONAL. TEXT: THE TWO MEN RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS CONFLICT HAVE KNOWN EACH OTHER FOR YEARS. ERITREAN PRESIDENT ISAYAS AFEWORKI AND ETHIOPIAN PRIME MINISTER MELES ZENAWI GO BACK TO THE MID-1980'S WHEN THEY FOUGHT TOGETHER AGAINST ETHIOPIAN LEADER MENGISTU HAILLE MARIAM. AT THE START OF THIS WAR LAST MAY, REGIONAL DIPLOMATS FELT THE PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESIDENT ISAYAS AND PRIME MINISTER MELES WOULD CALM ANY MISUNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT RIVAL BORDER CLAIMS. DAYS AFTER FIGHTING BEGAN, THE MEN SPOKE ON THE TELEPHONE. BOTH SAY THEY TRIED TO CONVINCE THE OTHER THAT WHAT WAS GOING ON ALONG THE BORDER WAS A MISTAKE, THAT THE TWO SIDES SHOULD PULL BACK AND AVOID MORE FIGHTING. BOTH NOW BLAME THE OTHER FOR REFUSING TO SEE REASON, EACH SAYING THEY ACTED TO PROTECT THEIR COUNTRY FROM FOREIGN INVASION. PRIME MINISTER MELES SAYS HE AND PRESIDENT ISAYAS HAVE NEVER BEEN THAT CLOSE, THAT THEIR PREVIOUS ALLIANCE WAS PURELY POLITICAL. /// MELES ACT ONE /// WELL, AS FAR AS I'M CONCERNED, THE PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP I HAD WITH ISAYAS WAS BASED ON NOT THINGS PERSONAL. SO THE BASIS OF THAT FRIENDSHIP WAS ESSENTIALLY POLITICAL. IT'S NOT BECAUSE WE ARE GOOD NEIGHBORS. /// END ACT /// ONCE THEY SUCCEEDED IN TOPPLING THE MENGISTU GOVERNMENT, PRIME MINISTER MELES SAYS HE AND PRESIDENT ISAYAS PRETTY MUCH WENT THEIR OWN WAYS AS ERITREA DECLARED ITS INDEPENDENCE FROM THE REST OF ETHIOPIA. /// MELES ACT TWO /// THE PILLAR OF THAT RELATIONSHIP WAS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO GOVERNMENTS AND TWO MOVEMENTS, AND WHEN THAT FALLS OUT, THERE ISN'T MUCH OF A PILLAR LEFT. /// END ACT /// BOTH SIDES HAVE CRANKED UP AN OFTEN-VICIOUS PROPAGANDA WAR, PERSONALLY ATTACKING EACH OTHER'S CHARACTER AND MOTIVES. PRIME MINISTER MELES SAYS THE ACTIONS OF ERITREA'S GOVERNMENT ARE NOT THE ACTIONS OF A SANE MAN. PRESIDENT ISAYAS DESCRIBES THE PRIME MINISTER AS "TIMID," A MAN WHO, HE SAYS, SPENDS TOO MUCH TIME IN MEETINGS. PRESIDENT ISAYAS SAYS THE WAR IS A RESULT OF THE INFERIORITY THAT PRIME MINISTER MELES AND OTHER ETHNIC TIGRAYANS FEEL TOWARD PEOPLE WHO MIGHT CHALLENGE THEIR LEADERSHIP. /// ISAYAS ACT ONE /// THE TIGRAYANS GENERALLY HAVE ALWAYS FELT THAT THEY HAVE BEEN DEHUMANIZED AND UNDERMINED OR NEGLECTED BY THIS SPECIAL GROUP. IT IS A VENDETTA. IT IS A REVENGE THAT THEY ARE DOING NOW. /// END ACT /// PRESIDENT ISAYAS SAYS PRIME MINISTER MELES IS OUT OF TOUCH WITH THE MAJORITY OF ETHIOPIANS ON WHOM TIGRAYAN LEADERS ARE NOW IMPOSING THEIR OWN CULTURAL ANXIETY. /// ISAYAS ACT TWO /// IT IS A CULTURAL PROBLEM. IT IS A PROBLEM OF THIS GROUP. THIS IS NO HIDDEN AGENDA. THIS IS A SMALL GROUP THAT HAS DEVELOPED ITS OWN POLITICAL CULTURE AND HAS DEVELOPED ITS OWN WAYS OF DEALING WITH THINGS. I SAY THEY ARE SCHIZOPHRENIC. THEY HAVE NEVER HAD ANY COMMITMENT TO ETHIOPIA. /// END ACT /// PRIME MINISTER MELES SAYS THE WAR IS NOT ABOUT TIGRAYAN CHARACTER. IT IS ABOUT ERITREAN AGGRESSION. /// MELES ACT THREE /// THERE IS NO CULTURAL THING ABOUT INVASION. THERE ARE RULES OF THE GAME THAT APPLY ACROSS ALL CULTURES. ON THE BORDER, THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN CLAIMS AND COUNTER-CLAIMS . ALL WE SAID IS, YOU DON'T SHOOT YOUR WAY INTO AN AREA THAT IS BEING ADMINISTERED BY ANOTHER PERSON. IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH CULTURE AS SUCH. IT HAS EVERYTHING TO DO WITH ACCEPTING THE NORMS OF CIVILIZED BEHAVIOR AS ACCEPTED BY EVERYONE ELSE. /// END ACT /// PRIME MINISTER MELES SAYS HE IS SURPRISED THAT AFTER SUFFERING SO LONG FOR INDEPENDENCE, PRESIDENT ISAYAS WOULD LEAD ERITREA INTO WAR TO SATISFY WHAT HE CALLS THE PRESIDENT'S MISGUIDED GRAB FOR REGIONAL POWER. /// MELES ACT FOUR /// I WAS VERY DISTURBED THAT A PEOPLE WHO HAD GONE THROUGH THE SUFFERING OF WAR FOR 30 YEARS, WHO WERE CRAVING PEACE, WHO LIKE US WERE VERY POOR, EXTREMELY POOR, VERY LIMITED RESOURCES AVAILABLE, WOULD BE RISKING SQUANDERING ALL THIS ON THE ALTAR OF GRANDEUR. /// END ACT /// THIS DEEPLY PERSONAL CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO MEN AND TWO NATIONS IS BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD'S BIGGEST WARS. THERE ARE MORE THAN 300-THOUSAND TROOPS ALONG A ROCKY BORDER WITH SOVIET-ERA TANKS AND FIGHTER JETS. MILITARY OBSERVERS ESTIMATE MORE THAN 40-THOUSAND DEAD IN LESS THAN A YEAR. (SIGNED) NEB/SKS/JWH 20-Apr-99 8:37 AM EDT (1237 UTC) NNNN Source: Voice of America .

62. African Studies Centre - Culture, Politics And Inequality Cooperation Data De'a (University of Bergen, Norway) Ministry of culture, AddisAbaba, ethiopia Frobenius Institute, Frankfurtam-Main, Germany. Funding ASC. http://asc.leidenuniv.nl/research/themegroup-cpi.htm

63. - Home Page - The British Council Ethiopia Information about facilities and programs.Category Regional Africa ethiopia Society and culture...... Age Contact us PO Box 1043 Adwa Avenue Artistic Building Addis Ababa ethiopia UsefulLinks culture lab UK Visit our user's guide to culture, technology and http://www.britishcouncil.org/ethiopia/

Welcome Welcome to the British Council in Ethiopia. The British Council's aim is to make a positive contribution to Ethiopia's social and economic development, while promoting Britain as a leading partner in educational and cultural fields. Feedback form Our services Learn English Education and training awards Governance Information and Knowledge Exchange ... Projects and outreach services Events in Ethiopia Events in Ethiopia Ethiopia in the Knowledge Age Contact us PO Box 1043 Adwa Avenue Artistic Building Addis Ababa Ethiopia Telephone +(251) (1) 55 00 22 Fax +(251) (1) 55 25 44 bc.addisababa@et.britishcouncil.org What's new? Feedback survey Our monthly newsletter Useful Links Culture lab UK Visit our user's guide to culture, technology and style in the UK Global events calendar International Networking Events Seminars and conferences for professionals on the latest developments in the UK Human Rights Network Our privacy statement

64. Books: Africa: Horn: Art, Culture, Music & Religion; History, Economics, Develop ART, culture RELIGION. Leslau, Wolf, (ed.), Falasha Anthology. Yale UniversityPress, 1951. Tadesse Tamrat, Church and State in ethiopia 12701527. 1972. http://www.ibike.org/bibliography/africa/africa-horn.htm

International Bicycle Fund Bibliography: Africa: Horn Index / Introduction History and Economics Modern Literature Leslau, Wolf, (ed.), Falasha Anthology . Yale University Press, 1951. Click here for more information on books by Wolf Leslau Tadesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia: 1270-1527 . 1972. (Often misfiled as a religious book, many university libraries keep it separate from other books on Ethiopia) . Cultural Survival Inc., 1986. Click here for more information on Ethiopian Famine Dejene, Alemneh, Environment, Famine and Politics In Ethiopia: A View form the Village . Lynne Riener Pub., 1990. (Based on data surveys and observations by the author in rural Ethiopia) Click here for more information on book by Alemneh Dejene Dejene, Alemneh, Peasants, Agrarian Socialism and Rural Development in Ethiopia . Westview Press, 1987. Click here for more information on book by Alemneh Dejene Erlich, Haggai and Gershoni, Isreal, (ed.) The Nile: History, Conflict, Myths . Lynne Rienner Pub, 1999. Click here for more information on books by Haggai Erlich Erlich, Haggai.

65. OneWorld Magazine - Ethiopia, Surviving Salvation Return to ethiopia Index 1. Surviving Salvation 2. Inventing Tradition?3. Old Virgins to Soldiers 4. Translating culture 5. Book PBS Doco. http://www.oneworldmagazine.org/focus/etiopia/falash3.html

OneWorld Magazine presents SURVIVING SALVATION: Translating Culture by Dr.Ruth Westheimer and Dr.Steven Kaplan "Sooner or later everyone who works with Ethiopian Jews in Israel is referred to Dr. Chaim Rosen. If they're lucky, it's sooner rather than later. American born and educated, Rosen spent four years in Ethiopia with the Peace Corps and collecting data for his University of Chicago doctorate. He is therefore the only person in Israel who brings both academic training and first-hand experience in Ethiopia to his work with Ethiopian Jews. Soft-spoken and unassuming, Rosen eschews politics and bureaucratic infighting in order to reach as many people as possible. Although officially employed by the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, he makes his expertise available to anyone who works with Ethiopians." Rosen's message is essentially a simple one: Only by learning the categories and terms that Ethiopian Jews use to understand the world can we begin to make sense of their behavior in Israel. Only through an appreciation of how they believe a child should be raised, a youth should behave, and an adult must act will we be able to comprehend the conflicts they face and work with them toward solutions. Under the sponsorship of Hadassah Women's Council, Rosen has developed and disseminated his ideas in a series of papers and articles. He rapidly became the Dear Abby (or should we say the Dr. Ruth?) of those working with Ethiopian immigrants, answering questions on almost every aspect of Ethiopian life: What's the best way to phrase an invitation? Why do they seem to have so many names? Why do they accept apartments in one city, but not in another?

66. Ethiopia's Famous Walled City- Of Harar: A Culture Treasure A culture Treasure ethiopia's Walled City of Harar by John GrahamThe most pleasant city to visit in ethiopia is Harar. Bahir Dar http://www.africa-ata.org/harar.htm

Newsmakers David Saunders John Graham Helen Broadus Robert Eilets ... Selassie Tafesse Plhilip Thompson Ethiopia: Off the Beaten Trail By John Graham Inside Ethiopia by John Graham. Foreword by Philip Briggs Ethiopia is a country of endless stories and histories, many never heard outside this elusive country. John Graham has tirelessly traversed Ethiopia, and explored many nooks and crannies of this ancient land. From the China Road to the most remote mountain monastery Mr Graham has visited and documented those parts of Ethiopia rarely seen or discussed by the outside world. Beyond Aksum, Lalibela, and the Blue Nile Falls are places, ruins, and sights seldom exposed to the world at large, John Graham's Ethiopia: Off the Beaten Trail takes you to these unseen gems. US$ 25.00 ISBN 1-931253-11-0 Paperback http://www.shamabooks.com/

67. JamboWeb - Culture By Country culture » ethiopia (37), Increase your site's traffic. Promote yourSite! in the JamboWeb Directory. Next 10 Results ». Addis Ababa http://www.jamboweb.com/BusinesscountryList/BusiCountryList1.cfm?Countries=Ethio

68. Adbusters Culture Jammers Headquarters News releases and strategic updates! More information Nestlé Sues ethiopia,Then Caves Under Public Pressure January 30, 2003 Need some extra cash? http://www.adbusters.org/breaking_news/2003_01_30.html

News releases and strategic updates! More information... January 30 But once the public got wind of the dubious scheme - thanks to the efforts of Oxfam and the UK's Guardian "Corporate greed has buckled in the face of adverse publicity and direct action," said Guardian 's editor, Alan Rusbridger. -Nicholas Klassen Links Oxfam Campaign Victory as Nestle Settles Claim Nestle and Ethiopia Settle Dispute Recent News Dow Chemical Target of Online Protests Stop E$$O Keeps Going Senator Byrd Doesn't Fly with the Flock Corporate Court Case a Laughing Matter ... Other News

69. Newsgroups Under Soc.culture.ethiopia Newsgroups under soc.culture.ethiopia. soc.culture.ethiopia.misc Unmoderatedforum to discuss ethiopian culture. soc.culture.ethiopia http://news.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/cgi-bin/picknewsgroups?soc.culture.ethiopia

70. Ethiopian News Portal. Ethiopia News On The Web News portal with headlines from various sources.Category Regional Africa ethiopia News and Media...... EthioIndex ethiopian news; EthioSearch.com; iethiopia.com; Ethio.com; EthioNews.comethiopian News; soc.culture.ethiopia.misc. ethiopian Political organizations. http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~yabera/

Nazret.com Your Guide to Ethiopia CLICK HERE TO SEE HOW YOU CAN HELP AVERT FAMINE IN HORN OF AFRICA. MHz NETWORKS Presents Exclusive Broadcast for the Ethiopian Community Ethiopian Icons: Faith and Science, Smithonian National Museum of African Art January 31 - October 4 2003 Washington DC Home ... Education Ethiopian news sources Addis Tribune Weekly private paper based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Ethiopian News Headlines Ethiopic font click here to install Ethiopic font BBC African news Ethiopia and the rest IRIN UN humanitarian information unit on Ethiopia All Africa news Ethiopia page The Washington Post Ethiopia news in Post Financial Times Walta Center Pro-Government Asmarino Yahoo news Ethiopia Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) Government The Guardian Ethiopia news Christian Science Monitor International Herald Tribune Ethiopia news Ethiopian Daily Indian Ocean Newsletter Ethiopia and The Horn Ethiopian Weekly Subscription required EthioIndex Ethiopian news EthioSearch.com

71. History, Art, Religion, Culture And Education Sites About Ethiopia History, art, religion, culture and education sites about ethiopia.ethiopia Page of University of Pennsylvania. (created 18 January http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~smckee/history_ethiopia.html

History, art, religion, culture and education sites about Ethiopia Ethiopia Page of University of Pennsylvania. (created 18 January 2002) SITE and LINKS UNDER (perpetual) CONSTRUCTION (last updated 18 January 2002)

72. Etiopia: Storia E Cultura; Ethiopia History And Culture About ethiopian history, people,. language, recipes, culture. maskal. ethiopianhistory 19731996. ethiopia Beginnings - The Cradle of Humanity. http://digilander.libero.it/anniange/storia/storia.html

Etiopia storia, cultura, lingua, personaggi, località storiche, genti, letteratura, cucina About Ethiopian history, people, language, recipes, culture "L'ITALIA" E LA MISSIONE CIVILIZZATRICE DI ROMA In Italiano, dalla Grande Enciclopedia De Agostini "Etiopia": una buona partenza Località, personaggi, genti Gli Abissini Addis Ababa e la pianta della città Adua Uccialli La battaglia di Dogali e il Trattato di Uccialli ... Su un'opinione di Del Boca I l Duca D'Aosta Bottego GALLA HARAR ... Ethiopia: Beginnings - The Cradle of Humanity by Ben Parker published by Oxfam GB 1995 ArabNet Ethiopia and Somalia T he Somali Youth League a social and political movement established in Mogadishu in 1942 quickly gained popularity and spread throughout the region. It called for the complete restoration of cultural and political freedom ETHIOPIA THROUGH RUSSIAN EYES From Entotto to the River Baro (1897) With the Armies of Menelik II (1900) An eye-witness account of the end of an era, 1896-98 consisting of two books by Alexander Bulatovich:

73. Society And Culture @ Worldagogo.com - Local Links And Information, Society And Add your web site to Worldagogo.com FAST FOREVER.Home Africa ethiopia Society and culture, http://www.worldagogo.com/global/Africa/Ethiopia/Society_and_Culture/

Home Africa Ethiopia : Society and Culture Ethiopia Learning Maps News Ethiopia World Web Categories: Diaspora History Sites: Cyber Ethiopia Searchable directory of Ethiopian websites. Bid for position Ethiopian Professionals Assocation network The site for Ethiopian professionals across the world. Jobs, news, scholarships. Bid for position Mede in Ethiopia net Eat... Drink.. Wear.. Do everything.. Ethiopian. The future site of Ethiopian bussiness Bid for position MESOB: Ethiopian Civil Society on the 'Net MESOB is an evolving concept in networking Ethiopian civil society actors and the world. Come see Ethiopian NGOs at work! Bid for position St. George Ethiopia Information on Ethiopia for Ethiopians, and Friends of Ethiopia from all over the world in three different languages. (Amharic, English, and French). Bid for position The Deaf and their association This site is about the Deaf, their association and other deaf and deafness related matters. Its aim is mainly to give information on the activities of the Ethiopian National Association of the Deaf (ENAD), the development of Sign Language in Ethiopia and other related activities. Bid for position The Habesha Page Information/links relating to Ethiopia(ns) and other useful stuff Bid for position • Find products related to Society and Culture @ Amazon.com

74. Projects Concerning Culture In ETHIOPIA Projects concerning culture in ethiopia. Legend C=Consulting, F=Financing,L=Lobbying, N=Networking, O=Overseas Activity, P=Publishing http://66.201.75.104/list/..\PROJ\z1053013.htm

Projects concerning Culture in ETHIOPIA Legend : C=Consulting, F=Financing, L=Lobbying, N=Networking, O=Overseas Activity, P=Publishing, R=Research/Survey Click here to have a more detailed description of the symbols used. place (region) year(s) - (-) 1994-2000 (O) Adventist Development and Relief Agency International (ADRA) Project Cooperating for Cooperation - webmaster@coop4coop.org (page generated on 5/1/01)

75. Projects Concerning Culture (general) In ETHIOPIA Projects concerning culture (general) in ethiopia. Legend C=Consulting,F=Financing, L=Lobbying, N=Networking, O=Overseas Activity http://66.201.75.104/list/..\PROJ\z1053014.htm

Projects concerning Culture (general) in ETHIOPIA Legend : C=Consulting, F=Financing, L=Lobbying, N=Networking, O=Overseas Activity, P=Publishing, R=Research/Survey Click here to have a more detailed description of the symbols used. place (region) year(s) - (-) 1994-2000 (O) Adventist Development and Relief Agency International (ADRA) Project Cooperating for Cooperation - webmaster@coop4coop.org (page generated on 5/1/01)

76. Teaching Jobs GEN / Web Directory / Africa / ethiopia / Society and culture (73).SubCategories in Society and culture. History (55). Web Sites http://dirs.globalesl.net/cat/80210/

Alert: JavaScript Disabled! You must have both JavaScript and Cookies enabled in order to use the Teaching Jobs web site. Please enable these and click here to continue.

77. GREEN EGGS REPORT For Soc.culture.ethiopia by alice at nospam.ar.com The Green Eggs Report is a list of URLs spotted withinthe soc.culture.ethiopia newsgroup. Groups under soc.culture.ethiopia. moderated. http://ibd.ar.com/ger/soc/culture/ethiopia/content.html

Green Eggs Report by alice at nospam.ar.com The Green Eggs Report is a list of URLs spotted within the soc.culture.ethiopia newsgroup Up To: soc.culture Groups under soc.culture.ethiopia moderated

78. GREEN EGGS REPORT For Soc.culture.ethiopia.moderated by alice at nospam.ar.com The Green Eggs Report is a list of URLs spotted withinthe soc.culture.ethiopia.moderated newsgroup. Up To soc.culture.ethiopia http://ibd.ar.com/ger/soc/culture/ethiopia/moderated/content.html

Green Eggs Report by alice at nospam.ar.com The Green Eggs Report is a list of URLs spotted within the soc.culture.ethiopia.moderated newsgroup Up To: soc.culture. Up To: soc.culture.ethiopia Refrenced Links /_ht_a/girlhome/myhomepage 2002 Women of Color Government and Defense Technology Awards AFRICAN AMERICAN HOLOCAUST AFROL Gender Profile - Nigeria ... wnbc.com - Harlem Week - 2002 Calendar of Events

79. Cul011 Ethiopia Fights To Get Back "restored" Axum Obelisk From Italy culture ethiopia fights to get back restored Axum Obelisk from Italy http://www.afrol.com/Categories/Culture/cul011_axum_obelisk.htm

Culture Ethiopia fights to get back "restored" Axum Obelisk from Italy Related items News articles 11.08.2002 - Africa growing into main scene of art robbery 20.07.2002 - Italy again promises to return Axum obelisk 06.12.2001 - Ethiopian treasures to be returned 24.04.2001 - Placing African art within global context ... 08.06.2000 - Two ancient Egyptian towns discovered Pages News, Africa Ethiopia News Archive Index Page on African Culture Index Page on Society ... Ethiopia Archive Background Josephine Bakhita - an African Saint In Internet African Cultures UNESCO afrol.com, 4 December - The Axum Obelisk, one of the most representative monuments of the ancient Ethiopian culture, was shipped to Rome in 1937, during the Italian occupation. Since then, it has decorated the Roman Piazza di Porta Capena and the Ethiopian Government demands its return to the real owners. According to PANA, the Committee on Ethiopia's Axum Obelisk now has given the Italian Government until February 2001, to dismantle and return the monument to Ethiopia after noting its deep concern over the lack of progress towards the implementation of agreements signed between Ethiopia and Italy for the return of the Obelisk. The Obelisk, measuring 180 tons and 24 metres height, is one in a group of six obelisks, erected as funeral monuments in the ancient capital of Axum when Ethiopia converted to Christianity during the reign of Emperor Ezana, in the mid-forth century. The monument, however, has suffered a series of damages through history, making a possible transport back to Ethiopia a delicate issue.

80. Selamta\Culture Page Above all things, it is a country of great antiquity, with a culture and traditionsdating back more than 3,000 years. The traveller in ethiopia makes a http://www.selamta.net/culture.htm

National Parks Ethiopian Music Ethiopian Coffee Ethiopian Coffee ... Bravenet Counter Stats Ethiopian Culture Sitemap Ethiopian Coffee Ethiopian festivals Ethiopian Calendar Ethiopia is truly a Land of discovery - brilliant and beautiful, secretive, mysterious and extraordinary. Above all things, it is a country of great antiquity, with a culture and traditions dating back more than 3,000 years. The traveller in Ethiopia makes a journey through time, transported by beautiful monuments and the ruins of edifices built long centuries ago. Ethiopia, like many other African countries, is a multi-ethnic state. Many distinctions have been blurred by intermarriage over the years but many also remain. The differences may be observed in the number of languages spoken - an astonishing 83, falling into four main language groups: Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic and Nilo-Saharan. There are 200 different dialects. The Semitic languages of Ethiopia are related to both Hebrew and Arabic, and derive from Ge'ez, the ecclesiastical language.

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