1. KEGP KANT ON euclid geometry IN PERSPECTIVE. http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/srp/arts/KEGP.html

KANT ON EUCLID: GEOMETRY IN PERSPECTIVE by Stephen Palmquist stevepq@hkbu.edu.hk I. The Perspectival Aim of the first Critique There is a common assumption among philosophers, shared even by many Kant-scholars, that Kant had a naive faith in the absolute valid­ity of Euclidean geometry, Aristotelian logic, and Newtonian physics, and that his primary goal in the Critique of Pure Reason was to pro­vide a rational foundation upon which these classical scientific theories could be based. This, it might be thought, is the essence of his attempt to solve the problem which, as he says in a footnote to the second edition Preface, "still remains a scandal to philosophy and to human reason in general"namely, "that the existence of things outside us...must be accepted merely on faith , and that if anyone thinks good to doubt their existence, we are unable to counter his doubts by any satisfactory proof" [K2:xxxix]. This assumption, in turn, is frequently used to deny the validity of some or all of Kant's philosophical projector at least its relevance to modern philosophi­cal understandings of scientific knowledge. Swinburne, for instance, asserts that an acceptance of the views expressed in Kant's first Critique "would rule out in advance most of the great achievements of science since his day."

2. Euclid Geometry 2003 euclid geometry (Ma 177, 2003). The recordings of the lectures in thiscourse can be accessed in the following files. Jan 15, Wednesday http://homepage.te.hik.se/personal/Tmava/euclid/default.asp

Euclid Geometry (Ma 177, 2003) The recordings of the lectures in this course can be accessed in the following files. Jan 15, Wednesday Valeri Marenitch University of Kalmar Last Modified 2003-01-16

3. CyberSpace Search! SEARCH THE WEB. Results for euclid geometry. Computing Homelife EBusinessTravel Gambling Electronics Entertainment Shopping Education http://www.cyberspace.com/cgi-bin/cs_search.cgi?Terms=euclid geometry

4. "Euclid Geometry"ÀÇ ¼Ò°³ Euclid's Elemets . Java sketchpad (JSP)? Geometry.class? ?. JSP? http://members.kr.inter.net/mathqa/geotest.htm

"Euclid's Elemets " Java sketchpa d (JSP)¿¡ À̾î Geometry.class¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. JSP¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ±×¾ß ¸»·Î "ÄÞÆÛ½º¿Í ÀÚ"·Î ±×¸®´Â ´À³¦ÀÎ µ¥, Geometry.class´Â ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÁÖ¾îÁø °¢ÀÇ 5µîºÐ¼±À» ±ß´Â´Ù µç°¡ ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ±³»ç¸¦ À§¾Ö¼­´Â È¿À²ÀûÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.(±×·¯³ª, Sketchpad, Cabri II¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® Æ÷¹°¼±, Ÿ¿ø, ½Ö°î¼±Àº ±×¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ). ÀÌ Geometry.class´Â Clark ´ëÇÐÀÇ David E. Joyce (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science : djoyce@clarku.edu)±³¼ö°¡ ¸¸µç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Geometry.zipÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© µµÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù´Â °ÍÀº "param" Å(tag)À» ½á¼­ html ¹®¼­¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °Í¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ º¸±â°¡ ¸»Çϵí java ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÇÒ ÁÙ ¾Ë ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°í, html ¹®¼­ÀÛ¼ºÀÇ ±ØÈ÷ »ó½ÄÀûÀÎ ³»¿ë¸¸ ¾Ë¸é »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. " (?)"ÀÇ source (Joyce ¾¾°¡ ¸¸µç °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â)ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ÀûÀ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.(¾Æ·¡´Â codebase="classes" °¡ ¾ø´Â µ¥, html ÆÄÀÏ°ú Geometry.zip ÆÄÀÏÀÌ °°Àº Æú´õ¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù.) Are all triangles isosceles? Are obtuse angles right? <img src=steiner.gif alt="java applet or image"><p><p>

5. Biography Of Riemann What is Riemann Geometry? Riemann Geometry, or Elliptical Geometry, is one of thefirst types of noneuclid geometry. While in euclid geometry, there are. http://www.andrews.edu/~calkins/math/biograph/bioriema.htm

Back to the Table of Contents Biographies of Mathematicians - Riemann Riemann's Life Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was born on September 17, 1826 in Breselenz, Germany to Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann and Charlotte Ebell. He grew up in the home of a pastor during a time of poverty. Along with his four siblings, he fought hunger and malnutrition. But despite all these problems, his family was close. Riemann's Most Famous Achievements Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann began his career by working on the theory of functions, but he is best remembered for his development of non-Euclidean geometry. This is used today in physics and in the relativity theory. He completed all of the following studies: developed the subjects of partial equations, complex variable theory, differential geometry, analytic number theory, and laid down the foundations for modern topography. The Riemann Hypothesis The Riemann Hypothesis states that the nontrivial roots of the Riemann zeta function (which is explained later in the web page) defined on the complex plane C all have real part 1/2. The line Re(z) equaling 1/2 is called the critical line. Or if you want the Riemann Hypothesis in plain English, all of the complex zeroes of the zeta function have real part 1/2. No one has solved has solved the hypothesis because it is terribly difficult and confusing. However, there are many ideas. One of the better ideas for proving the hypothesis was put forth by Polya and Hilbert. However the reasoning of solving the hypothesis is quite confusing.

6. Geometry: Euclid Port Carolinanavy.com Shakespearean Greetings nantucketnavy.comhatteraslight.comClassicgreetings.comSEARCH euclid geometry Discussion Deck. http://westerncanon.com/cgibin/lecture/Euclidhall/cas/44.html

geometry: Euclid Discussion Deck If ye would like to moderate the Euclid Discussion Deck, please drop becket@jollyroger.com WRITER S WORD.COM: Open Source CMS][ ... The World's Largest Literary Cafe: Carolinanavy.com Posted by ME on November 02, 19102 at 21:25:15: i hate geometry Follow Ups: Post a Followup Name: E-Mail: Subject: Comments: : i hate geometry Optional Link URL: Link Title: Optional Image URL: Follow Ups Post Followup Euclid Discussion Deck The Jolly Roger ... The World's Largest Literary Cafe : Carolinanavy.com ] Carolinanavy.com Nantuckets.com BusinessPhilosophy.com Classicals.com ... SEARCH Euclid geometry: Discussion Deck Euclid Discussion Deck If ye would like to moderate the Euclid Discussion Deck, please drop becket@jollyroger.com a line. Classic Books Discussion Forums Great Books Renaissance Forums Poetry Greeting Cards ... Cairn Studios Join us before the mast for Moby Dick year. ENTER YOUR PAPER TOPIC BELOW: Free postnuke hosting, blogging, and online photo albums @ mobynuke.net WRITER S WORD.COM ... Free Open Source Discussion Forum

7. BrowserWise Search! Results 1 through 4 of 4 for euclid geometry Geometry Tshirts Getcaught wearing geometry on beautiful sublimation mathimages! http://www.browserwise.com/search/search.cgi?Terms=euclid geometry

8. Euclid's Elements, Introduction Presents Books I through VI, dealing with plane geometry, come complete with demonstrations written in Java. This edition of euclid's Elements uses a Java applet called the geometry Applet to illustrate the diagrams. http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/elements.html

Introduction New: Jaume Domenech Larraz has translated the Elements into Catalan at http://www.euclides.org/ Euclid's Elements form one of the most beautiful and influential works of science in the history of humankind. Its beauty lies in its logical development of geometry and other branches of mathematics. It has influenced all branches of science but none so much as mathematics and the exact sciences. The Elements have been studied 24 centuries in many languages starting, of course, in the original Greek, then in Arabic, Latin, and many modern languages. I'm creating this version of Euclid's Elements for a couple of reasons. The main one is to rekindle an interest in the Elements, and the web is a great way to do that. Another reason is to show how Java applets can be used to illustrate geometry. That also helps to bring the Elements alive. The text of all 13 Books is complete, and all of the figures are illustrated using the Geometry Applet, even those in the last three books on solid geometry that are three-dimensional. I still have a lot to write in the guide sections and that will keep me busy for quite a while. This edition of Euclid's Elements uses a Java applet called the Geometry Applet to illustrate the diagrams. If you enable Java on your browser, then you'll be able to dynamically change the diagrams. In order to see how, please read

9. EAGER - European Algebraic Geometry Research Training Network Welcome to euclid, the server of the http://euclid.mathematik.uni-kl.de/

Your browser does not support frames! Click here for the EAGER welcome page. Click here for the EAGER menu.

10. EAGER:List Of Conferences A list maintained by the EAGER node at Kaiserslautern, Germany. http://www-euclid.mathematik.uni-kl.de/conferences/

Conferences in algebraic geometry and related fields This list of announcements and links to upcoming activitiesis compiled by submission .If you know of an activity that should be added to this list,please contact its organizer or Kristian Ranestad the administrator of this page Conferences here include also schools, workshops and specialmonths/years. Past conferences Current conferences Upcoming conferences Upcoming conferences to Gael XI at Luminy, France Organizers: Marie-Amelie Bertin, Igor Burban, Christian Sevenheck, Orsola Tommasi Additional information at http://euclid.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~gael Further remarks: GAEL is a meeting of young algebraic geometers working in Europe. With its 11th edition, GAEL is a well-established tradition as a meeting for young mathematicians active in the field of algebraic geometry. The meeting, planned for about 40 people, provides in an informal atmosphere the ideal opportunity for direct contact with established mathematicians (senior participants) as well as for getting to know each other. The senior participants this year will be Alessio Corti, Bernd Siebert and Shigeru Mukai. They will give several talks on the geometry of threefolds. However, the emphasis is on talks of young participants, which will take up most of the time and cover a wide variety of topics in algebraic geometry. Registration fee: 90 Euro Application deadline for participation/travel support: January 17th 2003.

11. NonEuclid - Hyperbolic Geometry Article & Applet Axioms and Theorems euclid's Postulates, Hyperbolic Parallel Postulate, SAS Postulate, Hyperbolic geometry Proofs. http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/NonEuclid

NonEuclid is Java Software for Interactively Creating Ruler and Compass Constructions in both the for use in High School and Undergraduate Education. Hyperbolic Geometry is a geometry of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and Curved Hyperspace. Authors: Joel Castellanos - Graduate Student, Dept. of Computer Science , University of New Mexico Joe Dan Austin - Associate Professor, Dept. of Education, Rice University Ervan Darnell - Graduate Student, Dept. of Computer Science, Rice University Italian Translation by Andrea Centomo, Scuola Media "F. Maffei", Vicenza Funding for NonEuclid has been provided by: CRPC, Rice University Institute for Advanced Study / Park City Mathematics Institute Run NonEuclid Applet (click button below): If you do not see the button above, it means that your browser is not Java 1.3.0 enabled. This may be because: 1) you are running a browser that does not support Java 1.3.0, 2) there is a firewall around your Internet access, or 3) you have Java deactivated in the preferences of your browser. Both and Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0

12. 10.8. Euclid (330?-275? B.C.) some easier way to learn geometry than by learning all the theorems. euclid replied, "There is no royal road to http://www.shu.edu/html/teaching/math/reals/history/euclid.html

10.8. Euclid (330?-275? B.C.) IRA Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements , was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians. Very little is known about the life of Euclid. Both the dates and places of his birth and death are unknown. It is believed that he was educated at Plato's academy in Athens and stayed there until he was invited by Ptolemy I to teach at his newly founded university in Alexandria. There, Euclid founded the school of mathematics and remained there for the rest of his life. As a teacher, he was probably one of the mentors to Archimedes Personally, all accounts of Euclid describe him as a kind, fair, patient man who quickly helped and praised the works of others. However, this did not stop him from engaging in sarcasm. One story relates that one of his students complained that he had no use for any of the mathematics he was learning. Euclid quickly called to his slave to give the boy a coin because "he must make gain out of what he learns." Another story relates that Ptolemy asked the mathematician if there was some easier way to learn geometry than by learning all the theorems. Euclid replied, "There is no royal road to geometry" and sent the king to study. Euclid's fame comes from his writings, especially his masterpiece

13. Euclid's Geometry: History And Practice euclid'S geometry History and Practice. This series of interdisciplinarylessons on euclid's Elements was researched and written http://mathforum.org/geometry/wwweuclid/

EUCLID'S GEOMETRY: History and Practice This series of interdisciplinary lessons on Euclid's Elements was researched and written by Alex Pearson, a Classicist at The Episcopal Academy in Merion, Pennsylvania. The material is organized into class work, short historical articles, assignments, essay questions, and a quiz. For the Greek text and a full translation of The Elements, see the Perseus Project at Tufts University. Introduction "Why do we have to learn this?" A discussion of how geometry has seemed indispensable to some people for over two millennia. Unit 1 Definitions, axioms and Theorem One. On a given finite straight line construct an equilateral triangle. Upon a given point place a straight line equal to a given straight line. Unit 2 Theorem Two and an introduction to history. Upon a given point place a straight line equal to a given straight line. Historical articles essay questions. Unit 3 Group discussions on the Elements; history and propositions; preparation for the Unit 4 Quiz. Unit 4 Quiz: Complete Euclid's Fifth Theorem and identify the definitions, common notions, postulates and prior theorems by number. Prove two of the historical propositions using at least two different pages from my

14. Euclid's Geometry: Euclid's Biography someone who had begun to read geometry with euclid, when he had learnt the firsttheorem, asked euclid, what shall I get by learning these things? euclid http://mathforum.org/geometry/wwweuclid/bio.htm

3. Euclid's biography Heath, History p. 354: Proclus (410-485, an Athenian philosopher, head of the Platonic school) on Eucl. I, p. 68-20: Not much younger than these is Euclid, who put together the Elements, collecting many of Eudoxus's theorems, perfecting many of Theaetetus's, and also bringing to irrefragable demonstration the things which were only somewhat loosely proved by his predecessors. This man lived in the time of the first Ptolemy. For Archimedes, who came immediately after the first, makes mention of Euclid; and further they say that Ptolemy once asked him if there was in geometry any shorter way that that of the Elements, and he replied that there was no royal road to geometry. He is then younger than the pupils of Plato, but older than Eratosthenes and Archimedes, the latter having been contemporaries, as Eratosthenes somewhere says. (Plato died 347 B.C.; Archimedes lived 287-212 B.C.) Heath, History p. 357: Latin author, Stobaeus (5th Century A.D.): someone who had begun to read geometry with Euclid, when he had learnt the first theorem, asked Euclid, "what shall I get by learning these things?" Euclid called his slave and said, "Give him threepence, since he must make gain out of what he learns." Sarton, p. 19: Athenian philosopher, Proclus (410 A.D. - 485): Ptolemy I, king of Egypt, asked Euclid "if there was in geometry any shorter way than that of the

15. History Of Mathematics - Table Of Contents Topics include background in Babylonian, euclid, Al'Khwarizmi, pi, and trigonometry. Also has recreations and java chat. http://members.aol.com/bbyars1/contents.html

And Insights into the History of Mathematics Table of Contents Prologue The First Mathematicians The Most Famous Teacher Pi: It Will Blow Your Mind ... Comments and Notices

16. Euclid's Elements, Table Of Contents Table of Contents Prematter Introduction Using the geometry Applet About the text euclid A quick trip through the Elements References to euclid's Elements on the Web Subject index http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/toc.html

Table of Contents Prematter Introduction Using the Geometry Applet About the text Euclid ... A quick trip through the Elements References to Euclid's Elements on the Web Subject index Book I The fundamentals of geometry: theories of triangles, parallels, and area. Definitions Postulates Common Notions Propositions ... Book II Geometric algebra. Definitions Propositions Book III Theory of circles. Definitions Propositions Book IV Constructions for inscribed and circumscribed figures. Definitions Propositions Book V Theory of abstract proportions. Definitions Propositions Book VI Similar figures and proportions in geometry. Definitions Propositions Book VII Fundamentals of number theory. Definitions Propositions Book VIII Continued proportions in number theory. Propositions Book IX Number theory. Propositions Book X Classification of incommensurables. Definitions I Propositions 1-47 Definitions II Propositions 48-84 ... Book XI Solid geometry. Definitions Propositions Book XII Measurement of figures. Propositions Book XIII Regular solids. Propositions (June, 1997.)

17. Euclid's Geometry: History And Practice euclid'S geometry History and Practice This series of interdisciplinary lessons on euclid's Elements was researched and written by Alex Pearson, a Classicist at The Episcopal Academy in Merion, Pennsylvania. http://forum.swarthmore.edu/geometry/wwweuclid

EUCLID'S GEOMETRY: History and Practice This series of interdisciplinary lessons on Euclid's Elements was researched and written by Alex Pearson, a Classicist at The Episcopal Academy in Merion, Pennsylvania. The material is organized into class work, short historical articles, assignments, essay questions, and a quiz. For the Greek text and a full translation of The Elements, see the Perseus Project at Tufts University. Introduction "Why do we have to learn this?" A discussion of how geometry has seemed indispensable to some people for over two millennia. Unit 1 Definitions, axioms and Theorem One. On a given finite straight line construct an equilateral triangle. Upon a given point place a straight line equal to a given straight line. Unit 2 Theorem Two and an introduction to history. Upon a given point place a straight line equal to a given straight line. Historical articles essay questions. Unit 3 Group discussions on the Elements; history and propositions; preparation for the Unit 4 Quiz. Unit 4 Quiz: Complete Euclid's Fifth Theorem and identify the definitions, common notions, postulates and prior theorems by number. Prove two of the historical propositions using at least two different pages from my

18. The Geometry Applet This geometry applet is being used to illustrate euclid's Elements.Above you see an icosahedron, that is, a regular 20sided solid http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/Geometry/Geometry.html

The Geometry Applet version 2.2 *** If you can read this, you're only seeing an image, not the real java applet! *** I began writing this applet in Feb. 1996. The current verion is 2.2 which fixes a couple of bugs in 2.0 and has a new construction to find harmonic conjugate points. Version 2.0 (May, 1997) does three-dimensional constructions whereas the earlier version 1.3 only did plane constructions. Version 2.0 also has many minor improvements. It takes a while to test everything. Please send a note if you find any bugs. They'll be fixed as soon as possible. (Note that arcs and sectors on slanted planes cannot yet be illustrated.) Also, there may be still later versions than 2.2 with more functionality. This geometry applet is being used to illustrate Euclid's Elements . Above you see an icosahedron, that is, a regular 20-sided solid, constructed according to Euclid's construction in proposition XIII.16 Another example using this Geometry Applet illustrates the Euler line of a triangle Here's how you can manipulate the figure that appears above. If you click on a point in the figure, you can usually move it in some way. A free point , usually colored red, can be freely dragged about, and as they move, the rest of the diagram (except the other free points) will adjust appropriately. A sliding point

19. Introduction To The Works Of Euclid Covers the life of euclid and a discussion of euclidian geometry. http://www.obkb.com/dcljr/euclid.html

An Introduction to the Works of Euclid with an Emphasis on the Elements (first posted to the web in 1995) jump to... Outline of paper text of paper Suggestions for further study Bibliography ... bottom of page This is a paper I wrote in college for a History of Science course (although I've taken the liberty of modifying it slightly from time to time since I put it online). I know it's not publishable or anything, but it's still one of my favorite papers because it was so difficult to do. (I wrote it on a computer with about 12K of free RAM and only a cassette tape drive for storage!) In fact, the whole History of Science course was quite an experience. Students wishing to use this paper for their own reports on Euclid should know how to avoid plagiarism and how to cite online sources . In addition, I urge students to seek out the original printed sources yes, that means going to the library and not rely merely on what I say in this paper. (I'm always surprised by the number of junior high and high school students who e-mail me saying they can't find any information about Euclid!) Note that is used to denote square roots and all Greek letters used as symbols ( alpha beta , ...) are spelled out. Superscripts are implemented by using the appropriate HTML tags and may not display properly in some browsers. In this case, hopefully the meaning will be clear from the context.

20. Euclid June 2001. euclid's geometry. France c. 1480. It is a fifteenth century manuscriptof euclid's Elements in Latin with other texts mainly on geometry. http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/june2001.html

Special Collections Library Home Special Collections Catalogues Main Library ... Course Material Book of the Month June 2001 Euclid's Geometry France: c. 1480 Sp Coll MS Gen. 1115 This month's book has been chosen as one of the items to be displayed on Friday 15 June in the exhibition Information Services through the Ages organized by the Library Special Collections Department and the University Archive Services as part of the Information Services Open Day. It is a fifteenth century manuscript of Euclid's Elements in Latin with other texts mainly on geometry. front flyleaf: early pressmarks Glasgow University was founded in 1451. Although we do not know for sure, this manuscript was possibly used in early teaching at the University. Certainly, it is a typical example of the kind of textbook that would have been used as part of the medieval curriculum. While there is no record of how the manuscript was acquired by the Library, it does bear early University press marks on the front flyleaf: Ff.3. n.5, and another earlier Glasgow mark, now crossed out and obscured, but possibly beginning with a 'G'. folio 8r: beginning of Euclid's elements The main item in the manuscript (folios 8-172v) is a copy of Euclid's Elements , translated out of Arabic into Latin by the English scholastic philosopher Adelard of Bath. Its colophon states that it was finished being written out on 4 December 1480. This manuscript copy therefore predates the first printed edition, produced in Venice by Erhard Ratdolt in 1482, by just two years.

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