Geometry.Net - Basic_G: Gemology Gem Stones

42. Care & Handling
Few stones are safe under ultrasonic or steam cleaning; Diamond, Iolite,Jade, Zircon are safe. Display BASIC gemology gem Care Handling.
http://www.trappgem.com/care___handling.html
Gemstone Characteristics There are many conditions when special care must be given to gemstones. This section will discuss the problem areas in general and leave specific comments for individual stone types to the discussion under Gemstones and Gemology. Next to cutting, setting is the most dangerous stage in the life of a gemstone. When having a stone set, reset or the setting repaired, review this list.
Potential cleavage problems can spell disaster for the pressure exerted on the stone during setting and while set. Heavily included stones or those with liquid inclusions require extra care in setting. Highly twinned or fractured stones require extra care. Thin nacre (coating) on pearls may fracture easily. Facet edges chip easily. Some stones are brittle. Avoid blows to any stone. Soft stones scratch easily.
Jewelry repair by its very nature can be almost very dangerous to the stability and condition of stones.
Some stones can be utterly destroyed by the effects of repair techniques. Amber burns at low temperature, is attacked by acids, and is sensitive to abrasive polishing compounds Many stones can be heat sensitive if liquid inclusions are present, e.g. Andalusite, Beryl they will shatter.

43. The 4C's - Carats
species. Because of their individual composition , some stones areheavier per size than others. BASIC gemology gem Evaluation.
http://www.trappgem.com/the_4c_s_-_carats.html
Gemstone Characteristics The 4 C´s of Gemstone Evaluation Carat, Color, Clarity, and Cut) This section presumes that the identification of the gemstone has been made using instruments as described in the previous section. It then becomes the responsibility of the gemologist to evaluate the quality of the stone using the 4 C's, carat weight, color, clarity and cut. Carat Weight
Determination of carat weight is quite straightforward if the stone is available un-mounted. The gemologist will place it on a precision scale and measure its weight to accuracy of to 0.001 ct. If the stone is in a setting the weight evaluation is a more complex matter. For stones that are in settings, the gemologist must make many of the dimensional measurements that will later serve to evaluate cut. The weight of the stone will be calculated from formulas developed through study of thousands of stones of all sizes and configurations. One must start with the identification of the stone type or species. Because of their individual composition , some stones are heavier per size than others The basic information needed to calculate weights are:
Specific gravity (S.G.)

44. The Hindu : Gem Of A Trade
Institute, Shah first started a gemtesting lab half month capsules for study of gemology,diamonds and to experiment with non-traditional stones like amethyst
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/11/stories/2002111100710200.htm
Online edition of India's National Newspaper
Monday, Nov 11, 2002 Group Publications Business Line The Sportstar Frontline The Hindu
About Us
Contact Us Metro Plus Hyderabad Features: Magazine Literary Review Life Metro Plus ... Visakhapatnam
Gem of a trade The Deccan Institute of Gem and Jewellery with courses on gemology, diamonds and designing jewellery offers a promising career option with the entry of designer brands like Nakshatra, De Beers and Arsia.
GLITTERING OPTION: Courses in gemology give a student practical knowledge. THOUGH THE Deccan region has a long and rich tradition of exquisite jewellery, little has gone into the scientific study of the art. The famous Golconda mines have not only yielded the likes of the Kohinoor, but are also still being prospected for diamonds. The Deccan has known traditional jewellery of the Vijaynagar period, the Kakatiyas, the Moghuls and boasts a rich repertoire, but unfortunately this has been confined to a few families. All this while, this knowledge was closely held and any outside interest was resented. Consequently gemology as an industry lagged behind and valuable data was lost to later generations. To stem this fast dissipating art, Satish Shah, the son of renowned gemmologist Govindas Mukundas, who was also the jeweller to the Nizam decided to set up the Deccan Institute of Gem and Jewellery. Trained at the American Gemology Institute, Shah first started a gem-testing lab in 1978. While he catered to customers during the day, mornings were devoted to training would-be gemmologists.

45. Gemology Program 76
Colored stones Distance Education Course gem Identification Distance without parallelin the gem and jewellery world's foremost authority in gemology GIA.
http://www.gia-london.co.uk/gemolog_programme76.htm

INTRODUCTION COURSES IN LONDON DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTACT US ... ALUMNI Course Descriptions Distance Education Graduate Gemologist
How to earn your Graduate Gemologist Diploma (G.G.) through Distance Education and Extension
To earn the prestigious GIA Graduate Gemologist Diploma and the right to use the G.G. designation at the end of your name, you're required to complete the Distance Education courses and Extension classes noted below:
COMBINE:
The Graduate Diamonds Diploma Diamond Essentials Distance Education Course
Diamond Grading Extension Class With The Graduate Colored Stones Diploma Colored Stones Distance Education Course
Gem Identification Distance Education Course
Gem Identification Extension Class
Colored Stone Grading Extension Class Plus: A Supervised comprehensive final exam
Take Extension Classes at any time before, during, or after your Distance Education courses. There are no prerequisites.

46. "Jewelry"
Personal Homepage. gem, mineral, dealer, colored stones, 14K Gold certified diamonds,color, cut, clarity, carat weight, four C's, gemology, oval, round
http://www.adfacet.com/jewelry/
A D ifferent F acet is a different kind of jewelry store! We specialize diamond and natural colored stones and 14 karat gold jewelry, both finished and as mountings. We carry the State of Virginia's largest selection of loose stones and mountings; and we have both the gemologists and the master jewelers to carry out special designs! Feel free to ask us about gemstones hopefully we can answer your questions and maybe even find the stone you have been looking for!
Jewelry Settings
A Different Facet features jewelry settings to fit many of our gemstones. Gemstone setting is an extra service and the cost of that service will vary depending on the piece. Generally, we will charge $15.00 for setting one or $20.00 for setting two stones. All sales of settings with mounted stones are final and cannot be returned for refund. Prices of settings listed do not include the gemstone(s). All gemstones are sold separately . Prices subject to change without notice. All findings, including earrings are sold individually, so the pair price is twice as much as listed. Earring backs (clutches) are also listed separately since different weights and styles are appropriate for different size and value of stones! If you are also ordering gemstones that you would like us have set into the setting, please provide instructions in the comment field of the order form.

47. Gems Minerals Bibliography
Geogem gemology Overview. http//www.geogem.com/gemmology.htm. Very usefulinformation on the gemological properties of gem stones. The Image.
http://www.calacademy.org/research/library/biodiv/biblio/gems.htm
California Academy of Sciences Library World Wide Web Books Children's Books Video WORLD WIDE WEB Chemical Compositions of Minerals and Gems http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~jill/mineral.html Its just like the title sounds. Desert Environment: Minerals and Geology Index http://www.desertusa.com/Thingstodo/geo/geology.html Click on a mineral to find more information. Gemology http://www.geocities.com/Y o semite/trails/3085/Gemmology.htm Links, links, and more links about gemology, the study of gems. Gems and Precious Stones http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~jill/306.html Many images and resources. GeoGem: Gemology Overview http://www.geogem.com/gemmology.htm Very useful information on the gemological properties of gem stones. The Image http://www.theimage.com/ Pictures of minerals and gemstones. The Mineral Gallery http://www.themineralgallery.com/ Descriptions, pictures and information on gemstones and minerals, by name, class, groupings and physical properties. Mineralogy Database http://www.webmineral.com/

48. Untitled Document
Sales, Diamond Identification Diamond Grading, Colored stones and gem Identificationseminars. Upon completion of the core seminars, gemology Course, and
http://www.gemschool.org/training.htm
Return to Home Page Course Schedule
Diamond Identification ... 1 Day Seminar
Tuition: $179 per student
Diamond Grading... 2 Day Seminar Tuition: $358 per student
Colored Stones ... 1 Day Seminar Tuition: $179 per student No prerequisites (but compliments Gem Identification). A hands-on training workshop. Students examine the most popular colored stones for factors such as beauty, rarity and durability, including: ruby, sapphire, emerald, tanzanite, amethyst, garnets, topaz, tourmaline, pearls and opals. Benefits and sales points of each gem is discussed by interweaving gem lore, romance and science. Program complimented by gemstone slideshow narrated by Instructor. Students introduced to the GIA chart of "A" stones, color varieties and the ColorGrid. Certificate of completion from Gem School America awarded upon conclusion of seminar.
Gem Identification ... 2 Day Seminar

49. Conservation And Survey Division - Nebraska State Geological Survey
Johnson, ML, and Koivula, JI, (editors) 1998. Another tourmaline source in Namibia.In Colored stones. In gem News, gems and gemology, Winter, 1998, p.54.
http://csd.unl.edu/csd/birthstones/tourmaline/tourmaline.html
October Birthstone - Tourmaline
Roger K. Pabian Faceted tourmaline, Brazil. Tourmaline and Opal,
October's Alternate Birthstones If you were born in October, you are one of those people who has a choice for your birthstone. Opal was originally the gem trade's recognized birthstone for October but in 1952 the Jewelry Industry Council suggested that pink tourmaline be an alternate stone to opal. These changes were accepted and approved by the American Gem Society and the National Retail Jewelers Council. Although the original designation for tourmaline was pink tourmaline, the practice has become that many people accept tourmaline of any color for October's birthstone. Tourmaline comes in nearly every shade one can find on a color chart or color wheel-therefore, tourmaline has become a popular stone in recent years. Tourmaline derives its name from the Singalese word tourmali, which means "mixed stones." Ruby, sapphire, peridot and spinel have all been found together in the gravel of localities such as Sri Lanka and Burma. The early gem traders who had no idea about the optical and physical properties of gems, other than color, probably called red tourmaline ruby; blue tourmaline sapphire; green tourmaline peridot, etc. Modern gem testing equipment has enabled gemologists to differentiate between all of these stones and it was with development of optical gem testing techniques that the gemological properties of fine tourmaline were made known to the world. Tourmaline is a complex silicate of Boron and Aluminum. Many different elements are able to find a spot for substitution in the crystal lattice and this accounts for all of the different colors of tourmaline that are available to the gem fancier. It would be difficult to write down a neat and easy formula for tourmaline because of the numerous possible substitutions that can take place within the crystal. In the past names such as rubellite and indicolite were used for red and blue tourmaline respectively. Since the mineral suffix ite implies each are a different mineral, it is now preferable to use the terms red tourmaline and blue tourmaline, etc.

50. Conservation And Survey Division - Nebraska State Geological Survey
Some synthetic opal is available as both rough and cut stones and some laboratorymade glass products have been In gem News, gems and gemology, v. 32, no.
http://csd.unl.edu/csd/birthstones/opal/opal.html
October Birthstone - Opal
Roger K. Pabian Opal solids and doublets, Queensland, Australia.
Opal and Tourmaline,
October's Alternate Birthstones
If you were born in October, you are one of those people who has a choice for your birthstone. Opal was originally the gem trade's recognized birthstone for October but in 1952 the Jewelry Industry Council suggested that pink tourmaline be an alternate stone to opal. These changes were accepted and approved by the American Gem Society and the National Retail Jewelers Council. There is a superstition that suggests that it is bad luck to wear an opal if opal is not your birthstone. This superstition probably is not rooted deep in history but only goes back to the early or middle 19 th Century. It may even have been an invention of Sir Walter Scott in the novel Anne of Geierstein , published in 1831. It seems that Anne had an opal that that reflected her moods: it shone red when she was angry, blue when she was sad and green when she was happy. When Anne died, the opal faded and lost all of its color. The last observation may have actually been based on a fact: opals can deteriorate and change from a highly colorful, somewhat glassy stone to a rather colorless mass of a chalky silicon dioxide. That is because opals are unstable and are just one of the phases through which gel-like silica (SiO ) can pass on its way to becoming stable crystalline quartz.

51. Books On Gems And Precious Stones
The Book of Sacred stones Fact and Fallacy in the Crystal Amber the Golden gem ofthe Ages by Patty C. Rice. Arab Roots of gemology by Ahmad Ibn Yusuf Tifashi.
http://www.dropbears.com/b/broughsbooks/science/gemstones.htm
Gems, Pearls and Precious Stones
Related Books Science
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Magazines Science Magazines Best Sellers Browse Powells Science Books Gemstones of the World, Revised Edition by Walter Schumann (Hardcover October 1, 2000) Simon and Schuster's Guide to Gems and Precious Stones by C. Ciprianai, et al (Paperback March 1986) Turquoise Unearthed: An Illustrated Guide by Joe Dan Lowry (Paperback November 15, 2002) Collecting and Classifying Coloured Diamonds by Stephen C. Hofer (Hardcover) Amber by Andrew Ross Book Description Amber has captured the human imagination for centuries, as amulets, ritual cups, and beads dating back 10,000 years attest. It is a fascinating substance, one that offers a unique intersection of the fields of paleontology, botany, entomology, and mineralogy. The fossilized resin of ancient trees, amber preserves organic material-most commonly insects and other invertebrates-and with it the shape and surface detail that are usually obliterated or hopelessly distorted during the mineralization we... Paperback: 74 pages Harvard Univ Pr; ISBN: 0674017293; (March 1999)

52. Gems For Health
gem ash (bhasma) is more costly than herbs, but healing is Substitute stones are wornas rings in 4carat (minimum Next Page History Origin of gemology
http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/aa072702a.htm
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Gems for Health What You Need to Know About Gem Therapies
Parts of this Article Gem Therapy Basics
Origin of Gemology
Vedic Zodiac Chart Related Resources Top Ayurveda Sites
Ayurveda Encyclopedia Top 5 Ayurveda Books Top Vedic Astro Sites By Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha, D. Sc. Jyotish is the Vedic astrological system , of which Ayurveda was once a part. This astrological system notes that gems are related to the various planets and produce a balancing effect to counter specific diseases. It is a primary method of a Jyotish astrologer's therapeutic measures to heal physical, mental, and spiritual situations, based on one's astrology chart indicators. It is known that planets produce effects on humans. For example, the full moon not only causes high tides, but also affects the emotions of some people. The gemstones were studied and used to neutralize these effects. Energy Waves The ancient Ayurvedic researchers studied healing properties of gems, and found that different stones created different effects in the human body. The planets were seen to have corresponding colors. The color or vibration of the gems affects the human body. They absorb and reflect (like a filter) the planetary rays or vibrations. Thus, gems relate to specific energy waves. It was found that the gems associated with each planet have varying wavelengths. [

53. Gems, Gems And Gem Stone, Gem Stone Astrology, Astrology And Gem Stone, India
These gem stones are called Navratnas (Nine gems). gemology although not considersthem all to be precious stones, but being related to the planets, they are
http://www.kamalkapoor.com/gemstones/gems_planet.asp
Reports Life Predictions Ask a Question Yantras ... Testimonials Gems Gem Consultancy Your birth stone Blue Sapphire Yellow Sapphire ... Cat's Eye In Astrological works, the nine planets have been assigned nine different gemstones. According to the classical famous astrological work 'Jatak Parijat' we can divide the planets and their stones as follows:
Planet Gem Stone Sun (Surya) Ruby (Manik).. Moon (Chandra) White Pearl (Moti).. Mars (Mangal) Red Coral (Moonga).. Mercury (Budha) Emerald (Panna).. Jupiter (Guru) Yellow Sapphire (Pukhraj).. Venus (Shukra) Diamond (Heera).. Saturn (Shani) Blue Sapphire (Neelam).. Rahu Gomedha.. Ketu Cat's Eye (Lahusunia)..
Another famous Indian classical work 'Phaldeepika' has also subscribed to the above view. These gem stones are called Nav-ratnas (Nine Gems). Gemology although not considers them all to be precious stones, but being related to the planets, they are of considerable remedial use.
Vedic Astrology since the ancient times has always believed in the healing powers of the gemstones. Here we are going to learn about the various precious as well as semi-precious stones, and about differentiating between auspicious and inauspicious stones as well as the planets and diseases associated with a stone and its curative powers.

54. Gem Enhancements
gem Enhancements. These stones can be quite impressive, but recutting removes thesurface but the Fall 1995 issue of GIA's gems and gemology describes some
http://www.tradeshop.com/gems/enhance.html
Gem Enhancements
M any gemstones are altered to enhance their appearance. This may be done to produce colors not usually found in nature, to improve color, to improve clarity, to reduce porosity and stabilize color (by preventing absorption of discoloring oils and other substances), or to enhance durability. Depending on the stone and the treatment, such alteration may be easy or impossible to detect. It is unethical and unlawful to sell any artificially enhanced gems without full disclosure of information about the treatment. Unfortunately, full disclosure seems to be the exception rather than the rule in the marketplace. Here are a few examples of some of the methods frequently used: heat treatment irradiation impregnation, assembled stones
Heat treatment
M any gems are routinely heated under controlled conditions to improve color (aquamarine, sapphire, ruby, tourmaline), alter color (sapphire, amethyst to citrine, topaz, zircon), or improve clarity (sapphire, ruby). Since natural heating also occurs (e.g., in volcanic areas), the artificial effects are sometimes indistinguishable from natural effects. In most cases, the results of heat treatment are permanent. Back to top of page.

55. GIA Italy - Distance Education
has designed the most comprehensive Distance Education program available in gemology. YOU'LLEARN The GIA Colored stones, gem Identification and Colored Stone
http://www.giaitaly.com/gb/education/
IT'S EASY TO LEARN WITHOUT CHANGING OR DISRUPTING YOUR LIFE.
You learn without ever having to sit in a classroom. You earn industry-wide recognition as a trained gem and jewelry professional in the convenience of your home or office. COMPLETE YOUR ASSIGNMENTS IN THE CONVENIENCE OF YOUR HOME OR OFFICE.
You're in total control of the where and when. Complete GIA's Distance Education courses anywhere you choose. Read a lesson in your spare time. You can take GIA practically anywhere! YOU CHOOSE THE LOCATION, SELECT THE TIME, AND SET THE PACE!
In addition to learning where and whenever you want, you're in charge of how quickly you complete each lesson. No doubt about it - you retain more information by studying at your own pace. Giving you that personal convenience has made GIA's Distance Education courses among the most effective in the world! YOUR INSTRUCTOR IS JUST A PHONE CALL AWAY.
Distance Education instructors are fully qualified Graduate Gemologists who answer your questions and help with assignments. Need a hand with your assignment? Just pick up the phone and call or fax. PRACTICE WITH REAL GEMS.

56. Antiques Ireland - Online Book Lists - Gemology
of the gemstones of the world, with 1,500 stones illustrated in full colour and described£10.00. 2131. The gemmological Association and gem Testing Laboratory
http://www.antiquesireland.com/booklists/gemmology.shtml
Antiques Ireland
Return to the Main Book List Page
Gemmology
Anderson, B.W.: Gem Testing London Newnes-butterworths 8th ed. 1974 8vo. 384pp. illustrated d.w. (worn) g. Anderson, Frank J.: Riches of the Earth Ornamental, Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. New York Rutledge Press 1981 26 by 20 cms. 223pp. illustrated Bauer, Dr. Jaroslav.: A Field Guide in Colour to Minerals Rocks and Precious Stones London Octopus Books 1979 8vo. 208pp. d.w. photographs by Frantisek Tvrz. v.g. Bruton, Eric.: Diamonds London N.A.G. Press, 2nd ed.rev. and reprinted 1981. 8vo. xiv+532pp. extensively illustrated, d.w. in very good fresh condition. Fletcher, Edward.: Pebble Polishing A guide to collecting, tumble polishing and making baroque jewellery. London Blandford Press 1972 8vo. 99pp.illustrated Gemmological Association of Great Britain: The Journal of Gemmology Vol. 20 Hamilton. W.R. et al.: The Hamlyn Guide to Minerals Rocks and Fossils London Hamlyn 1977 8vo. 320pp. illustrated paperback g. Jerrard, R.A.: The Amateur Jeweller Truro, Bradford Barton 1971 8vo. 84pp. illustrated, paperback v.g. A practical guide to making simple jewellry, techniques. materials. designs.

57. American School Of Jewelry - Jewelry Trade Schools,jewelry Schools Florida
Topics gemology Instruments gem Identification Instrumentation gem Classification- Colored stones Amber - Aquamarine - Amethyst - Emerald
http://www.jewelryschool.net/gem_stones.html
Add Site to Favorites
Gemology
Colored Gem Stones
21 Hour Program
Objectives: This class introduces the student to the most popular colored stones on the market and the instruments necessary to identify and separate from each other. Special attention is given to the characteristics of the stones that may require special precautions to be taken by the bench jewelers. The student is also introduced to the various synthetic and imitation stones and how to separate these "fabulous fakes" from their natural counterparts. Presentation: lecture, video, hands-on training, lab books supplied.

58. Sapphire Blue Unheated Green Orange Yellow Star Saphir Thailand Australian Padpa
loose gemstones,loose stones,gemstones gallery,gem dealers,WHOLESALE gemstones,gemcutters,gemcutters,gemcutting,gem-cutting,gemology,Facetting,facetted stone
http://www.sapphires.net.au/Sapphire/
tanzanite black opals australian boulder opal matrix jelly tanzanite alexandrites natural gemstones gem gemstone natural alexandrite blue emeralds rubies sapphires ruby emerald gem
jewelry opal silver gold rings bracklets necklace pendants earrings gemstone alexandrite alexandrites alexandrit natural discount alexandrites alexandrite alexandrit natural discount amethyst amethysts amethist natural discount ...
Back To Home Page setTimeout('location.href=" http://www.sapphires.net.au/"',1)

59. Sapphire, Eastern Or Vedic Gemology
A true padparadscha has to have a harmonious blend of both colors spread in an evenway throughout the entire gem. Some stones may look good from the top but
http://www.spiritualguides.net/gemology/sapphire.htm
Sapphire Hardness 9, Specific gravity 3.964.03, Refractive index 1.761.78. A sapphire is a corundum, a crystallized oxide of aluminum. It contains traces of titanium and iron, which are what give sapphires their blue color. If other mineral traces are also present, a sapphire may have a color other than blue, such as yellow, pink, orange, violet, or green. A corundum gem that is not red or blue is known as a fancy sapphire. Sapphires have strong refraction, which favors the use of the same brilliant cut that is used on diamonds. Sapphires have a moderate dispersion. They do not have as strong a dispersion as diamonds, and thus they do not share the diamonds fire. Rubies and sapphires, both corundum, are basically the same gem, except that rubies are always red and sapphires can be various colors. But sapphires have the same hardness, specific gravity, and refractive index as rubies. Both sapphires and rubies are second in hardness only to diamonds. Sapphires are mined mainly in Australia, Myanmar (Burma), Kashmir, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Cambodia. Some of the best sapphires come from Sri Lanka. Australian sapphires are deep blue to nearly black. Montana, USA, has metallic blue sapphires.

60. Rock Mineral Gem Stone
gem mineral dealers, gem mineral clubs, museums, and to websites associated withgemcutting or gemology. Beryl is the source of the gem stones emerald and
http://www.americanstudents.org/first-class-american-credit-union.htm

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Jewelry Settings

Opal and Tourmaline, October's Alternate Birthstones

Hinduism

Gem Enhancements

Heat treatment

Gemmology

Gemology

Colored Gem Stones

21 Hour Program

tanzanite black opals australian boulder opal matrix jelly tanzanite alexandrites natural gemstones gem gemstone natural alexandrite blue emeralds rubies sapphires ruby emerald gem

Opal and Tourmaline,
October's Alternate Birthstones