41. MapZones.com History haiti, history, Back to Top. The Arawak, the original inhabitantsof the island haiti shares with the Dominican Republic, called the http://www.mapzones.com/world/caribbean/haiti/historyindex.php

Country Info Haiti Introduction Haiti General Data Haiti Maps Haiti Culture ... Haiti Time and Date Haiti History Back to Top The Arawak, the original inhabitants of the island Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic, called the island Ayti, meaning “land of mountains.” When he arrived in 1492, Christopher Columbus named the island La Isla Española in honor of his Spanish sponsors. The name later evolved into the modern name Hispaniola. After an early settlement near Cap-Haïtien was destroyed by Native Americans, the Spanish settled the eastern half of the island and left the west unsettled. Haitian volunteers fought in the American Revolution (1775-1783) under French general Marquis de Lafayette and thereby gained some military experience. The French Revolution, which began in 1789, inspired the Haitian Slave Revolt of 1791. This rebellion was led by Toussaint-Louverture , Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, Alexandre Sabès Pétion, and Jean-Pierre Boyer. By 1794 forces under Toussaint-Louverture had freed the colony’s slave population and rid it of its French and British presence. By 1801 Toussaint-Louverture ruled the entire colony. Although Toussaint-Louverture was captured by French forces in 1802 and died a prisoner in France, the rebellion he had fostered did not die. In 1804 Dessalines declared Haiti to be the world’s first black republic. 20th century, the United States was worried about French and German influences in Haiti and the security of the newly opened Panama Canal. In 1915, during World War I, the United States invaded Haiti to restore order in the country. U.S. Marines secured the countryside and proceeded to build the institutions needed to govern a modern nation. The United States collected tariffs, paid foreign debts, restructured the government and military, built roads and bridges, and trained local people for leadership roles. Although some Haitians resisted the U.S. occupation, most notably in 1920, the occupation was generally peaceful. The U.S. military occupation of Haiti was terminated on August 15, 1934. U.S. reforms did not last, however, and Haiti fell prey to dictators and disorganization. In the 1930s Haiti suffered through the worldwide depression.

42. Haiti's History haiti's history. Christopher Columbus stopped in haiti before he reachedthe shores of North America, and he described it as heaven. http://www.afsc.org/haiti/haiti2.htm

Haiti's history Christopher Columbus stopped in Haiti before he reached the shores of North America, and he described it as heaven. The island, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, was coveted by Britain, France, and Spain for its location, rich soil, and lush climate. As a French colony in the 1700s, Haiti produced riches of cocoa, cotton, sugar cane, and coffee with the labor of slaves imported from Africa. After years of suffering, the slaves rose up in rebellion and in 1804 declared independence from France, establishing the first Black republic in the western hemisphere. During the nineteenth century, Haiti developed into two worlds: a tiny minority of mulattos (light-skinned Blacks who are the products of intermarriage) and the majority, who are former slaves. The elite mulattos mostly lived in towns, especially in the capital, Port-au-Prince, and controlled the government, commerce, and military. The former slaves lived in the countryside, farming small plots of land. The race and class tension of today has its roots in Haiti's colonial past and its early development as a republic. Haiti under the Duvaliers was marked by extremes of poverty and wealth, as it is today. Eighty percent of the rural population continues to live below poverty level and more than 70 percent of preschool children suffers from malnutrition. At the same time, government officials, army officers, and business owners live in luxurious hillside villas with fountains and swimming pools. In the early 1980s, Haiti became known as the poorest country in the western hemisphere. The ever-deepening impoverishment of the Haitian masses led to further discontent and uprisings. The United States feared losing control of the situation and stepped in, facilitating Jean Claude Duvalier's departure to France in 1986.

43. Uhhp.com - Important Dates In Haiti's History 1805 - 1809 Important dates in haiti's history 1805 1809. http://haiti.uhhp.com/important_dates/important_dates6.html

Important dates in Haiti's History More About Haiti Pre-Columbian Period 1991 - Present May 20 Dessalines formulates the Imperial Constitution of 1805, which is the first constitution of Haiti as an independence country. October 17 Dessalines is assassinated at Pont-Rouge by disaffected leaders of his administration. He is remembered as the Father of the Haitian Nation. December In the old cathedral of Port-au-Prince, a new Constitution is promulgated by the Constituent Assembly, and Henri Christophe is appointed President of the Republic of Haiti for four years. January 1 Battle of Sibert. Henri Christophe provokes a civil war against Alexandre Petion at Sibert. Subsequently, Haiti is divided into two states: the Northern State under the leadership of Henri Christophe and the Western and Southern States under the leadership of Alexandre Petion. February 17 In the north region of Haiti, Henri Christophe proclaims himself President of the State of Haiti. A state council of nine members, seven generals and two civilians, chosen by Henri Christophe, meets in the city of Cap-Haitien and votes the Constitutional Act of Haiti.

44. Uhhp.com  - Important Dates In Haiti's History 1811 - 1818 Important dates in haiti's history 1811 1818. http://haiti.uhhp.com/important_dates/important_dates7.html

Important dates in Haiti's History More About Haiti Pre-Columbian Period 1991 - Present March 9 Alexandre Petion is re-elected President of Haiti for four more years. March 26 Henri Christophe proclaims himself King of the Kingdom of Haiti, as Henri I. May 28 The Royal Constitution of Henri I in the Northern Region of Haiti is promulgated. June 2 Henri Christophe is crowned King in Cap-Haitien as Henri I. February 24 A special and advanced civil code named Henri Code is promulgated by Henri Christophe in the Northern State. November Franco de Medina, a member of the mission sent by Louis XVIII, King of France, makes it clear that he will not negotitate. June 2 A new Republic Constitution is promulgated by Alexandre Petion. October 8 Another French mission sent by Louis XVIII of France arrives in the new Republic of Haiti to continue the negotiation of the recognition of independence by France. Petion gives them the message that Haiti is independent and free, and there should not be any further negotiations.

45. History - MROH - Mission Reach Out Haiti 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered the Island of haiti. The 1844The Dominican Republic declares its independence from haiti. 1915 http://www.missionreachout.org/history.html

Just $20 a Month Will Feed, Educate, and Provide Medical Care For a Poor Haitian Child Christopher Columbus discovered the Island of Haiti. The population, estimated at one million, lived there off fishing and hunting. 1804 (January 1st): Proclamation of Independence The Dominican Republic declares its independence from Haiti Haiti comes under the military occupation of the United States of America The United States occupation of Haiti ends and the U.S. Marines leave Haiti Dr. Francois Duvalier is elected President for Life. Jean- Claude Duvalier succeeds his father as President for Life. Jean Claude Duvalier flees Haiti for Talloires in France Jean Bertrand Aristide, a Catholic Priest, wins the presidential election with a majority vote. A military coup against Jean-Bertrand Aristide drives him out of Haiti. A commercial embargo against Haiti is approved by the thirty-four nations of the Organization of American States. The U.S. military intervention into Haiti.

46. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Facts about haiti's history, geography, resources, government and economy.Category Kids and Teens School Time Caribbean haiti...... RELATIONS. Chapter 10. haiti National Security THE MILITARY INhaitiAN history; ARMY POLITICS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY François http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html

HAITI - A Country Study Search Haiti Include word variants Use only words as entered. Please note: The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book. Haiti Foreword Acknowledgements Preface ... Public Order Appendices Appendix A. Tables Appendix B. Caribbean Basin Initiative Bibliography Glossary

47. AHAD - 1804-2004: Celebrating Haiti's History And Bi-centennial Independence Thr 18042004 Celebrating haiti’s history and Bi-centennial IndependenceThrough Art. French Version. As haiti’s bi-centennial independence http://www.ahadonline.org/projects/celebThroughArt/treatment.htm

1804-2004: Celebrating Haiti’s History and Bi-centennial Independence Through Art French Version As Haiti’s bi-centennial independence approaches, Haitians and non-Haitians alike are preparing to mark this monumentous event. Our project consists of a unique view of Haiti’s history through art, specifically the historical painting series of Haitian artist Ulrick Jean-Pierre who has been acclaimed by art historians and critics as one of the leading contemporary Haitian historical painters and referred to as the Haitian Jacques Louis David, the great French historical painter. His paintings have been featured in art history books and journals including Egypt Child of Africa and Journal of African Civilizations by Ivan V. Sertima, Haïtiens Aujourd’hui Vol. 1 and 2, Haitian Artists in America and Cultural Vista , to cite just a few. He has been working on this historical series for over twenty years, and as Haiti prepares the celebration of its bicentennial independence, his paintings serve as a testament of his commitment to sharing and exploring Haiti’s history through art. Scholars from different disciplines, including creative writers, museum curators, art historians, ethnologists, musicologists, vodou practitioners and historians are working together to reflect on Haiti’s past and salute its present. Among our contributors are Edwidge Danticat, author of

48. AHAD - 1804-2004: Celebrating Haiti's History And Bi-centennial Independence Thr Cécile Accilien, Ph.D Editor in Chief. 1804 2004 Celebrating haiti’sHistory and Bi-centennial Independence Through Art. Portland http://www.ahadonline.org/projects/celebThroughArt/cecile.htm

Cécile Accilien, Ph.D Editor in Chief 1804 - 2004 Celebrating Haiti’s History and Bi-centennial Independence Through Art Portland State University Post Office Box 751 Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 Tel (503) 725-8784 Fax (503) 725-5276 E-mail: caccilien@pdx.edu Education Tulane University New Orleans, LA PH.D. in French, 2002 Dissertation Topic:“Diasporic Bonds: Literary and Filmic Representation of Marriage in Francophone Africa and the Caribbean." University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette, LA December 1997 Master’s thesis: “Ensoleillé vif d’Edouard Maunick: Une étude thématique” Montclair State University Montclair, N.J. May 1995 1993-1994 Study Abroad Université de Franche-Comté Besançon, France

49. Haiti's History When Christopher Columbus dicovered haiti called then Hispanola inDecember 1492. The colony. Under French rule haiti flourished. http://www.haitinou.50megs.com/page3.html

Free web page hosting :: 50megs.com Home Lakay Remember Haiti ... Contact me Haiti's History Stay tuned for more next time.... Home Lakay Remember Haiti My links ... Contact me If you want to use any text or picture of this site please send me a message Nadiege

50. The Traditional Religion Of Vodun (Voodoo) In Haiti This collection of scholarly and informative documents by various authors on the history and practice of Vodun (Voodoo) in haiti is part of an even larger site on haitian history in general. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43a/index-faa.html

The traditional religion of serving the Loa Vodun/Voodoo in the Republic of Haiti Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history of superstition in general in the Republic of Haiti Introduction to Voodoo in Haiti By Bob Corbett, March 1988. Basic concepts, key terms, and issues discussed in outline form. Comment on Bob Corbett, Introduction to Voodoo By jeffrey altepeter. Reflections on ways to regard Haitain Voodoo By Bob Corbett, Spring 1988. Philosophical perspectives. Three primary ways of regarding virtually any phenomena we observe or hear about or hear claimed: a) Naturally, b) Psycho-naturally, c) Transcendentally. Comment on Corbett, Reflections on Ways to Regard Haitian Voodoo By Haines Brown (16 January 1996). A philosophical comment on Corbett's Reflections that considers what is meant by naturalistic explanation. Some brief notes on Voodoo's historical development By Bob Corbett, December 1991. A brief chronology. A suggested chronological structure for the history of Voodoo, but no elaboration of that perspective. A Guide to Zombie Movies By Lisa Willey, 17 December 1991. A long list of movies and their characterization, which is an important source and expression of Western "orientalization" of Haitian culture.

51. CaribbeanLinks.com :: Haiti:History And Area Facts - Caribbean Hotels, Resorts, HaitiHistory And Area Facts. Welcome to the CaribbeanLinks.com searchengine. CaribbeanLinks.com HaitiHistory And Area Facts. http://www.caribbeanlinks.com/cgi-bin/search/cb/caribbeanlinks.cgi/search::CAT/C

CaribbeanLinks.com - Haiti:History And Area Facts TravelNow.com - Caribbean Hotels and Vacation Rentals Haiti Search Match Any Keywords Match EXACT Keywords All of Search Engine This Category Only Within your results Too many results? Select "Match EXACT keywords" from the middle drop down. Post questions and get answers. Caribbean Message Boards Caribbean E-newsletter Receive updates of new hotels, travel specialsand last minute deals. Caribbean Home Haiti History and Area Facts No additional categories. See links below. RELATED SEARCH TERMS Haiti Hotels Haiti Resorts Haiti All Inclusive Haiti Vacations ... Haiti All Inclusives Caribbean Magazine Features READ TRAVEL ARTICLES MESSAGE BOARDS Haiti Message Forum Haiti Travel Deals from TravelNow Northern Lights Condos - Cayman Cayman Islands 10% Discount Special Rate Northern Lights is a privately owned and managed 9-unit luxury condo complex located on the waters edge on the quiet north coast of Grand Cayman. The beauty and comfort of these units are only matched by their surroundings: 240 feet of sandy beach, a coral reef teeming with life only 75 feet from shore and a panoramic view of 10 miles of shoreline. [ Ocean Point Hotel - Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 10% Discount Special Rate Located on the southern end of Tobago this friendly, off beach, hotel is complete with all sparkly white kitchenettes, pine fittings and terra cotta floors, big showers in the bathroom and a Welcome Hammock in each patio. Available services are outdoor barbecue pits, a palm thatched pool side restaurant, cocktail bar and a kidney shaped pool in a beautiful garden atmosphere. [

52. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Facts about haiti's history, geography, resources, government and economy. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html

HAITI - A Country Study Search Haiti Include word variants Use only words as entered. Please note: The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book. Haiti Foreword Acknowledgements Preface ... Public Order Appendices Appendix A. Tables Appendix B. Caribbean Basin Initiative Bibliography Glossary

53. HAITI - History A long history of rebellion, intervention and change. lthough part of the Caribbeanfamily of nations, haiti’s historical experience distances this country of http://www.unitedworld-usa.com/reports/haiti/history.asp

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Site map Contact us HOME UNITED WORLD About us The Medium Contact us REPORTS Our Product Latest reports All our reports Interviews ... Working in... SERVICES Future clients Mailing list Form-opinion Discussion Forum Publicity online Job INFO A long history of rebellion, intervention and change Haiti’s Palais National, typical of the colonial architectural heritage in the capital, Port-au-Prince. T During the 193 years of its existence, the Haitian Republic has witnessed the promulgation of 23 constitutions and the swearing-in of 42 chiefs of State, of which 7 remained in power for more than 10 years, 9 declared themselves presidents for life, and 29 were either assassinated or forced to seek exile. T he chronic instability provoked the first US intervention that lasted from 1915 to 1934. Seventy nine years later, in 1994, the US intervened again, under the auspices of the UN, to restore democracy and guarantee the return of Jean Bertrand Aristide, ousted by a military coup after winning a democratic election.

54. Welcome & Bienvenue Sur Akolad.com An online provider of daily haitian and Diapora news, literature, history, jokes, forum, chatroom, haitian celebrities, a virtual tour of haiti, and student associations. http://www.akolad.com/

/* pop up script- By Website Abstraction (www.wsabstract.com) Over 200+ free, original scripts here! */ //change the width and height of the pop up window, if desired newwindow=window.open("popup.php","","width=380,height=300") newwindow.creator=self Last Updated: April 8, 2003 - Welcome-Bienvenue sur Akolad.com Tue, 8 April 2003 - Total Visits Visitors today: April is Toussaint Louverture's Month! Home News Haiti Virtual Tour Message Board ... Sign Our Guest book - Haitian Student Corner - Contact Us None Akolad.com Weekly Visits Haitian Culturel Dance at Rutgers University (Newark, New Jersey) Haiti and the Price of Independence Conference ( Pace University, NY) April 2003 : " Toussaint Louverture 's Month " on Akolad.com 6th National Haitian Student Conference University of Massachusetts- Amherst Massachusetts-USA . The 6th Annual National Haitian Student conference entitled " Blood Sweat Tears, the Spirit of Survival " took place at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, USA. During 3 days (4-6 April, 2003) students from different universities, high schools, and colleges gathered together to discuss their concerns and issues about the Haitian Diaspora , Music, Haiti, and common daily problems. The conference served as a catalyst to educate the new generation about the Haitian heritage, and culture using ....

55. Documenting The American South University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries Documenting the AmericanSouth. Search Results. 2 titles with subject haiti history. http://docsouth.unc.edu/result.phtml?lcsh=Haiti -- History.

56. Documenting The American South University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries Documenting the AmericanSouth. Search Results. 2 titles with subject Slavery haiti history. http://docsouth.unc.edu/result.phtml?lcsh=Slavery -- Haiti -- History.

57. MetaCrawler Results | Search Query = History On Haiti MetaSearch results for history on haiti (1 Embassy of haiti - Key Dates in haitianhistory - Ambassade d 'Haïti Washington DC Key Dates in haiti's history. http://search.metacrawler.com/texis/search?q=History On Haiti

58. Site Kreyol - Interesting Facts And Stories From Haiti's History Recipes. history. Interesting facts and stories from our country's history. haiti'sNational Anthem. (Available in Creole, French, and English). Presidents Of haiti. http://www.sitekreyol.com/History.htm

Site Kreyòl CHAT Chat Go to SiteKreyol CHAT! EMAIL Check your email MUSIC Interview With CARIMI CD Reviews ARTISTS Ludner Confident LITERATURE Jocelyne Trouillot Je Connais Un Mot (par René Dépestre) HISTORY RECIPES HISTORY Interesting facts and stories from our country's history Haiti's National Anthem (Available in Creole, French, and English) Presidents Of Haiti List of all of Haiti's past presidents Site Kreyòl .com

59. Site Kreyol - Interesting Facts And Stories From Haiti's History was written to celebrate the centenary of haiti's independence in 1904 http://www.sitekreyol.com/National_Anthem.htm

Site Kreyòl CHAT Chat Go to SiteKreyol CHAT! EMAIL Check your email MUSIC Interview With CARIMI CD Reviews ARTISTS Ludner Confident LITERATURE Jocelyne Trouillot Je Connais Un Mot (par René Dépestre) HISTORY RECIPES HISTORY Interesting facts and stories from our country's history Our national anthem "La Dessalinienne" was written to celebrate the centenary of Haiti's independence in 1904 under the government of Nord Alexis. The title of the song was chosen after the founding father of our country Jean-Jacques Dessalinnes. The lyrics are by Justin Lhérisson (1873-1907) and the music by Nicolas Geffrard (1871-1930). La Dessalinienne I Pour le Pays, pour les Ancêtres Marchons unis, marchons unis Dans nos rangs point de traîtres Du sol soyons seuls maîtres Marchons unis, marchons unis Pour le Pays, pour les Ancêtres Marchons, marchons, marchons unis Pour le Pays, pour les Ancêtres

60. Latin America Resource Review -- Haiti: A History Of Struggle Index of all editions. haiti A history of Struggle. Volume 2 Issue4 Winter 19951996. Today's Crisis. http://www.americas.org/news/latin_american_resource_review/larr0204.htm

AMERICAS.ORG HOME SEARCH ABOUT US JOIN US BOOKSTORE HOW TO SHOP FIND BOOKS NEW BOOKS NEWS, ANALYSIS, LINKS, ACTION ALERTS Select a SUBJECT Drug War Environment Global Economy Immigration Indigenous Sweatshops NEWS ARCHIVE Select a COUNTRY Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Uruguay Venezuela NEWS ARCHIVE Index of all editions Haiti: A History of Struggle Volume 2 Issue 4 Winter 1995-1996 Today's Crisis HAITI: DANGEROUS CROSSROADS THE HAITI FILES: DECODING THE CRISIS RESTORING DEMOCRACY TO HAITI: A QUESTION OF ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE USES OF HAITI ... RESTORE OUR STOLEN VOTE History A DREAM DEFERRED: HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI THE BLACK JACOBINS: TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE AND THE SAN DOMINGO REVOLUTION HAITI AFTER THE COUP: SWEATSHOP OR REAL DEVELOPMENT? TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: MONITORING THE ELECTIONS IN HAITI ... THE RAINY SEASON: HAITI SINCE DUVALIER Fiction BABOUK THE KINGDOM OF THIS WORLD TREE OF LIFE BREATH, EYES, MEMORY ... KRIK? KRAK! Young Adult TASTE OF SALT: A STORY OF MODERN HAITI TEACHING ABOUT HAITI Today's Crisis HAITI: DANGEROUS CROSSROADS North American Congress on Latin America, South

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