21. PLAYAHATA.COM Muslim, with a great deal of indigenous beliefs intermingled hausaland The FortressKingdoms of africa. Information on the hausa peoples http//lucy.ukc.ac.uk http://www.playahata.com/pages/bhfigures/bhfigures22.html

Figures in Black History Courtesy of Morpheus Ghana, Mali and Songhai had come and gone on the African stage. Near central Africa another great empire called Kanem would rise around 1200AD. Kanem was originally a confederation of various ethnic groups, but by 1100AD, a people called the Kanuri settled in Kanem and in the thirteenth century the Kanuri began upon a conquest of their neighbors. They were led by Mai Dunama Dibbalemi (1221-1259), the first of the Kanuri to convert to Islam. Dibbalemi declared physical jihad (holy war) against surrounding minor states and so began one of the most dynamic periods of conquest in Africa. At the height of their empire, the Kanuri controlled territory from Libya to Lake Chad to Hausaland. These were strategic areas, as all the commercial traffic through North Africa had to pass through Kanuri territory. As a result of the military and commercial growth of Kanem, the once nomadic Kanuri eventually turned to a more sedentary way of life. Pictured here is a painting of the king of Bornu in royal procession arriving at one of his provincial residences around 1850AD. Pictured here are Bornu horsemen trumpeters sounding the Frum-Frums.

22. Cottrellvitae savannah, and desert while interacting closely with indigenous peoples. 84 PeaceCorps Volunteer in Niger, africa. Fluent in French and hausa (hausa is the http://www.cwu.edu/~biology/faculty/cottrellvitae.htm

TOM R. COTTRELL 816 Mountain View #4 Department of Biology Ellensburg, WA 98926 Central Washington University (509)962-1902 (home) Ellensburg, WA 98926 (509)963-3011 (work) COTTRELT@cwu.edu EMPLOYMENT: Assistant Professor of Biology at Central Washington University, Ellensburg WA 2000 to present Assistant Professor of Biology at Luther College, Decorah, IA. 1995 - 2000. Visiting Professor of Biology at Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO. 1993-1995 EDUCATION: Ph.D. Botany, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1993. M.S. Range Science, Colorado State University, 1987. B.A. Biology, with distinction, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 1982. HONORS, AWARDS, AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES: Washington Native Plant Society (since 2000) Member of Project Kaleidoscope: Faculty for the 21st century, 1999 NSF Graduate Fellowship Review Panel, 1998 and 2001 Phi Kappa Phi, 1993 Program for Ecological Studies Award for Excellence in Teaching, C.S.U., 1992 Sigma Xi, 1987 Phi Beta Kappa, 1982 Three Graduate School Fellowships at C.S.U. (1993, 1987, 1986)

23. Green Home Building: Vernacular Architecture: Africa Elleh defines the indigenous, Islamic, and Western roots of African 1994 Architecturesof Nigeria Architectures of the hausa and Yoruba peoples and of the http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/africa.htm

Home Sustainable Architecture Natural Building Environment ... Other AFRICA Some of the most wonderful indigenous building forms originate in the African continent, from the brightly colored mud huts to the lavish intricacy of the Alhambra. African design sense has intrigued the Western world for centuries. These designs are often more than pretty; they have a social meaning that can be read by those who understand. And then there are the mysteries of the great Egyptian pyramids that have captivated our imagination since they were erected. RESOURCES Click on image to buy from Amazon.com African Painted Houses : Basotho Dwellings of Southern Africa by Gary N. Van Wyk, 1998. This book is full of wonderful photographs of African Painted houses. The text is complete in explaining the significance of the illustrations from a historical and present day view. This is a fascinating rich culture. The use of patterns and color, and their meaning come together in an easy to understand format. Click on image to buy from Amazon.com

24. Basic Page and includes also many groups of indigenous peoples. africa is linguistically theleastknown continent bislama, chichewa, cibemba, ewe, ga, hausa, iloko, joruba http://www.sorop.org/news/worldspan.htm

No. 69 - July 2002 FROM THE PRESIDENT A new United Nations body had its first-ever session The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues closed its first-ever session on May 24, 2002. Secretary General Kofi Annan paid tribute to the collective wisdom of the indigenous peoples. "Among the traditions I find particularly powerful is the respect given to elders as carriers of wisdom, to women as carriers of language and culture, and to children as carriers of the identity that is transmitted to future generations", he said. Representatives of 172 indigenous nations, organisations and groups gathered for the two-week session. - The Forum was established in 2000 by the Economic and Social Council and is composed of 16 independent experts. Soroptimist International membership consists of a huge variety of cultures and languages, and includes also many groups of indigenous peoples. It would be interesting to know how many. Another matter of interest to us would certainly be to know how many different mother tongues we have, all in all. My very wild guess would be around 300. UNESCO had a session on "International Mother Language Day", in February. The "Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger of Disappearing", edited by Professor Stephen Wurm, an Australian linguist of Hungarian origin, says that some 50 European languages are in danger. Experts generally consider a community's language to be endangered when at least 30 per cent of its children no more learn it. In the Pacific region there are more than 2,000 living languages, which is one third of all world languages. Papua New Guinea alone counts at least 820 - a world record for linguistic density. Africa is linguistically the least-known continent. The Atlas says that out of the 1,400 or so local languages, between 500 and 600 are on the decline, and 250 are under immediate threat of disappearing. World-wide, about 3,000 languages are in severe danger. UNESCO encourages multilingualism.

25. L C. Proposed revision for scope note of indigenous peoples There were about textbooks.)Some mentioned new Hafrica lists for Swahili and hausa; and value http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/catm102.html

ALC Cataloging Committee Meeting Albany, NY, SUNY Science Library Friday, May 3, 2002: 9:00-10:30am Minutes Present : Present: Ruby Bell-Gam (Univ. of California, Los Angeles), Joseph Caruso (Columbia Univ.), Andrew de Heer (Schomburg Center), Gregory Finnegan (Harvard Univ.), Karen Fung (Stanford Univ.), James Gentner (Library of Congress), Miki Goral (Univ. of California, Los Angeles), Margaret Hughes (Stanford Univ.), Alfred Kagan (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Patricia Kuntz (Edgewood Coll.), Joseph Lauer (Michigan State Univ.), Robert Lesh (Northwestern Univ.), Peter Limb (Michigan State Univ.), Lauris Olson (Univ. of Pennsylvania), Afeworki Paulos (Univ. of Michigan), Loumona Petroff (Boston Univ.), Gretchen Walsh (Boston Univ.), Joanne Zellers (Library of Congress). 3. Additions and approval of agenda: LC report added. 4. Africana Subject Funnel (Lauer) The Spring 2002 Funnel report, which will be posted on ALC website. (A draft is already on web at: .)was distributed. A many proposals continue to come from Janet Stanley, National Museum of African Art Library. She also submits headings to the

26. West Africa Traditionally, most West African peoples regarded a girls as wife, which means thatmany hausa men are The payment usually follows indigenous rules rather than http://www.law.emory.edu/IFL/region/westafrica.html

West Africa The Region and its History Legal Practices and Institutions Seclusion of Women / Purdah t ... Family in the Region (Marriage, Dowry and brideprice, Divorce, Polygyny, Custody of children, Inheritance/ Land Rights) References Links to legal datasheets for countries in this region. Gambia I Ghana I Nigeria I Senegal The Region and Its History Islam first reached West Africa by way of traders from North Africa and the Middle East who settled in the area in the late tenth and early eleventh centuries. Over the next five hundred years, assorted West African rulers and local merchants who wanted to do business with the Muslim traders adapted themselves to Islam and its customs. But the practice of the religion did not spread far outside of towns and the commercial elite until the Muslim jihads of the 18th and 19th centuries. These wars were led by Muslim scholars and teachers who were determined to turn the region's small Islamic colonies into Muslim states. They arose in dispersed places all the way from modern-day Chad to Benin, but gradually they influenced each other and culminated in the region-wide struggle to

27. West Africa either side of the area dominated by the Mande peoples. a jihad for Islamic reformin the hausa states. East rather than to examine the indigenous cultures and http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.tcl?entry_id=DIA1010&mode=full

28. The Experience Of European Administrators In Nigeria language barrier presented problems to indigenous peoples and Europeans confidentlypassed all his hausa language courses and civiliser in africa was absolutely http://www.qub.ac.uk/english/imperial/nigeria/europadm.htm

The experience of European administrators in Nigeria This page last revised 29 April 1998 The vast majority of administrators had little notion of what to expect in Nigeria. It appears as if their ideas of Nigeria were as vague as the Nigerians' views of England and Englishness, a fact well represented in Mister Johnson . Neither the coloniser nor the colonised had any real insight into the alien cultures they were faced with. A major obstacle to overcome were the huge distances involved. Yet the problem was not just coming to terms with the vast geographical distances involved, but also the huge cultural gulf. Britain and Nigeria were entirely different worlds, with nothing in common other than a history of slavery. One important area of postcolonial studies is establishing some status of relationship between coloniser and colonised, whether the relationship is manufactured, or whether it is naturally present and needing only to be developed. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the relationship between Britain and Nigeria was manufactured to suit British demands. It seems inevitable that Britain achieved more out of the relationship than Nigeria ever would. For European administrators, arriving in Nigeria in early colonial times was like stepping back into European history and encountering an almost medieval society of feudalism and patriarchy. Abdul JanMohamed has noted that it was ''an atmosphere of idealistic, paternalistic despotism'' (

29. The Washington Times - Nigeria by Christianity in colonial times, various indigenous religions and Conquered likethe hausa by a Fulaniled are among the most urbanized peoples in africa. http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/africa/99/nigeria/65.html

Government Telecomunications A Special International Report Prepared by The Washington Times Advertising Department - Published on September 30, 1999 Home Page Sponsors Federal Ministry of Finance Federal Housing Authority Nigerian Ports Authority Yankari National Park A Special International Report Prepared by The Washington Times Advertising Department Written by: Jennifer Barsky Marketing Director: Kevin M. Baerson For more information, call The Washington Times International Advertising Department at (202) 636-3035 (202) 635-0103 fax e-mail: natlad@wt.infi.net Nigeria’s Cultural Inheritance Keys to Understanding Contemporary Society Modern Nigeria has inherited a rich and often complex history. With the move to democracy, Nigerians look to retain their cultural roots along with modernity, joining together to bring peace and prosperity. The country’s three main ethnic groups are the Yoruba, the Igbo, and the Hausa, between them making Nigeria a meeting point of colorful, sometimes conflicting ethnic interests and identities. The country’s historical tapestry includes between 250 and 400 ethnic groups, their differences best defined by language. But even this seemingly definite trait provides only loose distinctions. Location and history are often as important in mapping Nigeria’s ethnic landscape. The nation’s official language is English. Government officials and many businessmen with at least secondary education typically speak it, as it is essential in cross-cultural communication. Pidgin – a mix of English and colloquial terms – has been widely spoken in many areas for more than a century. Nigerians are generally multilingual with at least three languages at their disposal, owing to a long history of cross-cultural and often transnational trade across a spectrum of ethnic groups.

30. An A-Z Of African Studies On The Internet Nr3 sic Cushitic Languages Ewe Ful Gur Languages hausa Iraqw Kanuri Reading—South africa. humanrights and cultural autonomy of indigenous peoples and oppressed http://www.lib.msu.edu/limb/a-z/az_nr3.html

An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet Part N-R3 Publishers-Refugees Back to: A-Z of African Studies by Peter Limb [comprehensive lists] http://www.hanszell.co.uk/aplink.htm http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/publish.html http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/law/acqs/ Academy Science Publishers http://www.oneworld.org/aas/ Adalens Antikvariat (Sweden) antiquarian http://www.angelfire.com/pa/AdalensAntikvariat/afrika.html Adam Matthew Publications (microfilm collections, African studies) http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/ Adams Bookshop (University of Natal, Durban) http://durbanet.aztec.co.za/adamsbooks/index.htm Africa Institute of South Africa (Pretoria) http://www.ai.org.za/ Africa World Press and The Red Sea Press http://www.africanworld.com AfricaWPress@nyo.com African Academy of Sciences asp@arcc.or.ke http://www.oneworld.org/aas/ http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Hornet/alex1.html African Book Centre (London) africabooks@dial.pipex.com African Book Store/Struik Books http://www.twooceans.co.za/Bookshop/

31. BETTER VERY LATE THAN NEVER of differential admixture with other peoples and cultures. lingua franca of West africa in palaces be Non-Fulbe, particularly hausa, indigenous languages took http://www.jibrilaminu.com/speech3.html

BETTER VERY LATE THAN NEVER (1) Jibril Aminu (2) It is a pleasure to deliver this short Guest Speaker Address to this formal gathering launching the Fulfulde-English Dictionary of the late Dr. St. Croix, I thank the Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages and its mother, the Bayero University, for the kind invitation and the recognition. Let me first of all congratulate everyone concerned now that the Fulfulde-English Dictionary is out. .I say "CONGRATULATIONS" and " BETTER VERY LATE THAN NEVER ", the title of this paper. I had all but lost hope that we would see this great day. I thought that the whole project had suffered serious obstructed labour with a still birth, if you will forgive the analogy, in concert with so many other creative efforts in this country. In particular, I would like to congratulate the scholars, the Centre, the Vice Chancellor, and the University itself, for the successful completion of the project, I also pay tribute to all who took part in the production of the dictionary from the initial efforts of the Late Dr. St. Croix, a European Veterinary Surgeon, who while he was working in this country, took it upon himself to compile a Fulfulde-English Dictionary. St. Croix had all the stuff that great gifted men are made of. He had interest, commitment, dogged pursuit of his objective and versatility, in that lexicography and Language Development are, surely, not the academic next door neighbours of Veterinary Medicine, a discipline where the doctor does not even talk to his patients. Fulbe and Fulfulde scholars will continue to appreciate and cherish the bold and painstaking scholarly contribution of Dr. St. Croix, to the study and, may be, to the regeneration and even survival of Fulfulde.

32. Nigeria Nexus power returned to the colonies' indigenous peoples, quality of as the undisputed regionalpower of West africa. was dominated by the Islamic hausaFulani people http://www.internews.org/nigeria/history_1rep.htm

P O L I T I C S C I V I L S O C I E T Y R E G I O N S E C O N O M Y ... M E D I A H I S T O R Y HOSTED SITES MEDIA RIGHTS AGENDA RMS MEDIA SERVICES COMMUNICATING FOR CHANGE Pre-Independence First Republic Library of Congress' Country Study of Nigeria Search Maps News in Brief The First Republic The independent Republic of Nigeria was founded at a time when hopes were high in the Third World. The end of the colonial era came to Africa (and especially West Africa) later than it did to other regions, but still the problems that lay ahead for newly independent nations were often lost in the haze of optimism. With the yoke of colonialism removed and economic and political power returned to the colonies' indigenous peoples, quality of life was expected to quickly and dramatically improve. Nigeria, with its tremendous population and abundant resources, especially had reason to look forward to success as the undisputed regional power of West Africa. One of the new nation's first serious stumbling blocks was the 1962 census. Independent Nigeria needed a complete and accurate count of its people, so that electoral seats and federal monies could be apportioned fairly. Unfortunately, the results of the census turned out to be problematic for some. Dr. Nnamde Azikiwe, the leader of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), a political party derived almost all its support from the Ibo of the Southeast region, charged that the census figures had been skewed by Northerners in an attempt to grab a greater share of the federal budget. His party tried to persuade the courts to annul the census results, but it failed.

33. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa hausa, Yoruba and Igbo as major indigenous languages of attack on the Igbos by hausaFulaniand colonialists in preventing the colonized peoples from uniting http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95oha.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS A nthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 Cross-Cultural Conversations and the Semiotics of Ethnocultural Domination in Nigeria Obododima Oha (Ph.D.) University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Department of English ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION It is inevitable and desirable that different cultures hold ‘conversations’. ‘Conversation’ in this case figuratively refers to interaction, which transgresses a given cultural space. In this case, cultures attempt to overcome the barrier of difference, suggesting the boundary, Martin Heidegger would say, as “that from which something begins its presencing” (1971: 153); or as a symbolic challenge for openness. Just as in normal conversational interaction requiring the Gricean Co-operative Principle,(1) cultures in conversation ideally have to target the arrival at some understanding of each other. In this case, we assume that cultures are not prisons, as the Whorfian hypothesis proposes, and that one culture can enter another (and also be entered), a situation the semiotician, Yuri Lotman, refers to as “the culture within the culture” (1994). The entry of the one culture into another is, as Lot, an argues, transformative: it transforms the

34. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa everybody putting on a flowing gown Babariga as an hausa man 199217) noted that theincorporation of the various indigenous African peoples into modern http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95modo.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 An Anthropologist’s View of Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts in Africa I.V.O. Modo Department of Social Anthropology/Sociology National University of Lesotho P.O. Roma 180 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Ethnicity denotes an extreme consciousness of and loyalty to a particular linguistic and cultural group unidentified with any other group (Udoh 1998:38). Such groups usually possess myth of origin, traceable to an epical ancestor or ancestress. With a strong ruling house such ethnic groups like the Yoruba, Edo, Fante were able to organize themselves into Empire or Kingdoms, conquering and incorporating other lesser ethnic groups as vassals. With the coming of colonial masters, treaties were signed with such kingdoms wherever they existed; especially during the 17th and 18th centuries (Bradbury et al 1965; Igbafe 1972). Origin of ethnicity in Africa Ethnicity in post-colonial Africa is principally a response to the new social structure the indigenous people found themselves in during the colonial era and at independence. The cultural upbringing is seriously at variance with the social processes of the modern era. Bohannan (1957) speaks of the philosophy of limited good among the Tiv of Nigeria. All goods are communally owned and so the possession of a good by one person is the loss of that good by another. This concept is applicable to every tribe in most circumstances. Ethnic discrimination has its root in the favouritism shown to kin group members as could be seen from the principle of segmentary opposition among the Tiv of Nigeria (Bohannan 1969) or Nuer of Southern Sudan (Evans-Pritchard 1940).

35. African Studies — BU 2002/2003 Undergraduate Bulletin CAS AN 312 peoples and Cultures of africa. CAS LA 212 FourthSemester hausa.Bambara. Religion. CAS RN 414 indigenous Religions of West africa. http://www.bu.edu/bulletins/und/item13d2.html

African Studies Minor Concentration in African Languages and Literatures Minor Concentration in African Studies (0305) Director James McCann African Studies Center TOP OF PAGE Minor Concentration in African Languages and Literatures The African languages and literatures minor concentration combines language and linguistic study with the study of written literature and oral traditions in the African context. In-depth knowledge of an African language of the student's choosing is applied in courses in cultural and linguistic anthropology, sociology of language, language in government and education, literature, and folklore and oral traditions. This minor concentration is made up of required and elective courses from the Department of Modern Foreign Languages and Literatures, as well as elective courses from other College of Arts and Sciences departments. Required Courses One year of 300-level study of an African language (two courses) is required together with the following two courses: CAS LL 280 Introduction to the Literatures of Africa (in English translation) CAS LL 453 Form and Function in African Oral Literature If either CAS LL 280 or LL 453 is not offered in a given year, an acceptable alternative may be selected in consultation with the student's advisor.

36. MapZones.com Culture In the south, indigenous peoples produced their own art long before such as Ekpo andEkpe among the peoples of the The hausa, who do not consider dancing to be http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/nigeria/cultureindex.php

Country Info Nigeria Introduction Nigeria General Data Nigeria Maps Nigeria Culture ... Nigeria Time and Date Nigeria Culture Back to Top Nigeria's rich and varied cultural heritage derives from the mixture of its different ethnic groups with Arabic and western European cultural influences. Secret societies, such as Ekpo and Ekpe among the peoples of the southeast, were formerly used as instruments of government, while other institutions were associated with matrimony. According to the Fulani custom of sharo (test of young manhood), rival suitors underwent the ordeal of caning as a means of eliminating those who were less persistent, while in Ibibio territory girls approaching marriageable age were confined for several years in bride-fattening rooms before they were given to their husbands. These and other customs were discouraged by colonial administrators and missionaries. Some of the more adaptable cultural institutions have been revived since independence; these include Ekpo and Ekong societies for young boys in parts of the southeast and the Ogboni society found in the Yoruba and Edo areas of southern Nigeria. Countries Map or Maps Egypt Maps South Africa Maps England Maps France Maps ... mailto:info@mapzones.com?subject=Mail from HomePage

37. Ethno-religious Politics Hutus Nigeria Ibo, Yurobo, hausa Cameroon, Kenya of overseas Chinese East africa africanization . and subsidies for indigenous peoples, regional nationalists http://nimbus.ocis.temple.edu/~bstavis/215lectethnic.htm

Chapter 4 Cultural Pluralism, Ethnic Conflict 1. definitions: ethnicity "perceived shared characteristics of a racial or cultural group" -historical lineage, language, religion, race, geographic homeland - most of these are "learned" characteristics 2. Prevalence: Pretty much everywhere except homogeneous states: Finland, Denmark, Japan, South Korea People are mixed together because of: -migration to escape poverty, war, repression -conquest, colonialism, imposed cultural values on some peoples, moved people around (e.g. Ottoman, Soviet empires) -artificial state included different peoples -coerced slavery -economic complementarties of different peoples (Fulani) -religious missionary activity Latin American: Spanish/Portugese-Native American-Africans -Other Europeans-South Asians Africa: -very widespread tribal/language differences Rwanda: Tutsies, Hutus Nigeria: Ibo, Yurobo, Hausa Cameroon, Kenya, Tanzania: many tribes

38. African Names - For You And Baby An African Identity, Heritage And Culture Site to those of European origin to indigenous, african names Many peoples in africa alsoname children in honor of Kiswahili) on the east coast and hausa in west http://www.namesite.com/namesite/faq.html

Tell a Friend! NameSite.com F requently A sked Q uestions My name is not on the list!. Africa is a vast continent three times the size of the United Sates with over fifty countries and 1000 different ethnic groups or peoples and languages. All these peoples have different personal names in use in their cultures. As you can imagine there are a huge number of African names, ranging from those with Arabic roots and derivation in the northern parts of Africa to those of European origin to indigenous, African names through out the continent. As such we can not have every possible African name on the list. Moreover we include in the list only names with meanings. There are many African names without meanings, simply because the original meaning is long forgotten or possibly did not exist in the first place. Your name may also not be on the list because it is not an African Name. What do I do if my name is not on the list? If you know your name's meaning, you may list it in the new names list, from where it will eventually find its way into the names lists, after verification. If you do not know the meaning of your name please post it in one of the public areas (guest book, meeting place, or bulletin board) with a request for assistance. Somebody out there may know the meaning. Also send us mail about it and check back often to see if it has been added to the lists.

39. List Of Articles By Subject / Encyclopedia Of The World's Minorities Hani, 1000 words. hausa, 1000 words. Shor, 1000 words. Siberian indigenous peoples,2000 words. Sidama, 1000 words. South Asians in africa and the MiddleEast, 1000 words. http://www.fitzroydearborn.com/chicago/minorities/articles-subject.php3

Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities List of articles by subject Entries sorted alphabetically A: PERSONS B: TOPICS C: GROUPS ... D: COUNTRIES A: PERSONS (back to top) Achebe, Chinua (Nigerian) 1000 words Adams, Gerry (Northern Ireland Catholic) 1000 words Aga Khan (Ismali) 1000 words Ali, Muhammad (African-American) 1000 words Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (Harijan) 1000 words Arafat, Yasser (Palestinian) 1000 words Ben Jelloun, Tahar (Algerian) 1000 words Bhindranwale, Jarnail Sant (India-Sikh) 1000 words Bonner, Neville Thomas (Aborigine) 1000 words Chavez, Cesar (Mexican-American) 1000 words Césaire, Aimé (Martiniquais) 1000 words Da Silva, Benedita (Afro-Brazilian) 1000 words Dalai Lama (Tibetan) 2000 words De Klerk, F.W. (Afrikaner) 1000 words Du Bois, W.E.B. (African-American) 1000 words Fanon, Frantz Omar (Algerian) 1000 words Farrakhan, Louis (African-American) 1000 words Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (India) 1000 words Garang, John (Sudanese) 1000 words Garvey, Marcus (Jamaican) 1000 words Gheorghe, Nicolae (Roma Romania) 1000 words Grant, Bernie (United Kingdom)

40. Alphabetical List Of Articles / Encyclopedia Of The World's Minorities Hani, 1000 words. hausa, 1000 words. Shor, 1000 words. Siberian indigenous peoples,2000 words. Sidama, 1000 words. Sorbs, 1000 words. South africa, 1000 words. http://www.fitzroydearborn.com/chicago/minorities/articles-alpha.php3

Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities Alphabetical list of articles Entries sorted by subject A B C ... W X Y Z A (back to top) Abadhi 1000 words Abkhazians 1000 words Aborigines 2000 words Acehnese 1000 words Achebe, Chinua (Nigerian) 1000 words Adams, Gerry (Northern Ireland Catholic) 1000 words Adare (Harar) 1000 words Adja 1000 words Afar 1000 words Affirmative Action 2000 words Afghanistan 1000 words Africa: A Continent of Minorities? 5000 words African-American Nationalism and Separatism 2000 words African-Americans 5000 words Africans: 1: Overview 1000 words Africans: 2: Asia 1000 words Africans: 3: Europe 2000 words Afrikaners 1000 words Afro-Arabs 1000 words Afro-Brazilians 2000 words Afro-Caribbean-Americans 1000 words Afro-Caribbeans 2000 words Afro-Cubans 1000 words Afro-Latin Americans 3000 words Afrocentricity 1000 words Aga Khan (Ismali) 1000 words Ahmadiyas 1000 words Ainu 2000 words Alawis 1000 words Albania 1000 words Albanians (Kosovars) 5000 words Alevis 1000 words Alfurs 1000 words Algeria 1000 words Ali, Muhammad (African-American) 1000 words Alsatians 1000 words Altai 1000 words Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (Harijan)

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