1. PBS Teachersource - Scienceline - Ice Storms Formation and safety precautions. http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/scienceline/archives/feb99/feb99.shtm

April 8, 2003 Ice Storms by Dr. John Cortinas Jr. Related Educational Web Sites and TV Programs Scienceline Archives Ice storms are one of the most dangerous forms of weather in the world, sometimes causing damage, injuries, and fatalities over hundreds of square miles. The term ice storm is used by the National Weather Service to describe a storm that produces a significant accumulation (1/4 inch or more) of ice during freezing rain. To produce this amount of ice, freezing rain usually has to occur for several hours. Fortunately, significant ice storms are rare in the United States. Research that I've done with a former student at the University of Oklahoma shows that freezing rain occurs most often throughout the Appalachian Mountains in central North Carolina, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York, as well as in the Columbia River Valley in southern Washington and northern Oregon. Throughout the United States, it occurs most often during the months of December and January and near sunrise, usually the coldest time of the day. Since traveling is impossible during an ice storm, it is important to monitor local weather forecasts and begin preparations immediately when a storm seems likely. The National Weather Service suggests that if a winter storm appears imminent in your area, make sure that you have:

2. ICE STORMS: HAZARDOUS BEAUTY How glaze ice forms and where these storms occur, as well as the effects, both good and bad.Category Science Earth Sciences Weather Phenomena ice storms......ice storms HAZARDOUS BEAUTY. ice storms transform roads into huge skatingrinks and leave downed power lines and broken trees in their wake. http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/icestorm.htm

ICE STORMS: HAZARDOUS BEAUTY L ast night, a thin wedge of a major winter storm crawled across the county. For ten hours the rains fell, but these were not ordinary rains, for when they struck, the water began to freeze. By morning, the freezing rain had deposited several centimetres of clear ice on all exposed surfaces. The in its aftermath, the skies. When dawn broke, the first rays of the sun struck the tops of the leaf-less maples along the ridge to the west, shining back in a dazzling light. As the sun rose further, its brilliance reflected and refracted off ever more of the crystal garden which covered the countryside. Barbed wire fences sparkled like diamond necklaces. Weeds rising from the snow resembled the stems of crystal goblets. Rough wood shone while gentle breezes played branches like wind chimes; stronger gusts breaking long ice chains, sending them tinkling and crashing as they hit the ground. Periods of freezing rain like this one may fall in any winter storm crossing eastern North America. When the fall of freezing rain persists and ice accumulates, meteorologists classify the storm as an ice storm . Ice storms transform roads into huge skating rinks and leave downed power lines and broken trees in their wake. However, like a heavy snow storm, the damage and inconvenience are often tempered by dazzling beauty.

3. Abstract: Trees And Ice Storms Trees and ice storms The Development of Ice StormResistant Urban Tree Populations.1994, 12 pages - 776k. Includes information about what causes ice storms. http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~vista/abstracts/aicestorm.html

Trees and Ice Storms: The Development of Ice Storm-Resistant Urban Tree Populations 1994, 12 pages - 776k Download an Acrobat version of this document. Susceptibility ratings of species commonly planted in urban areas are presented for use in developing and maintaining healthy urban tree populations. Includes information about what causes ice storms. Subject Areas VISTA home page Please read the Resources found in the VISTA infobase are published by the Cooperative Extension Service, Agricultural Experiment Station, and individual academic departments within the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois. The University of Illinois provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. Send any comments or suggestions to vistaweb@uiuc.edu

4. National Severe Storms Laboratory Conducts research to improve accurate and timely forecasts and warnings of hazardous weather events such as blizzards, ice storms, flash floods, tornadoes, and lightning. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov

skip main navigation Who We Are Special Projects Scientific Publications ... Current weather (courtesy NWS/SPC) Employment Archive of Links Site Map Privacy Notice Accessibility Last Updated 6 March 2003 Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research National Severe Storms Laboratory The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAA's internationally known research laboratories, leading the way in investigations of all aspects of severe weather. Headquartered in Norman OK with staff in Colorado, Nevada, Washington and Wisconsin, the people of NSSL, in partnership with the National Weather Service, are dedicated to improving severe weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and reduce property damage. With research efforts in: Radar Satellite Software Development Modeling ... Flooding Oklahoma thunderstorm viewed from the west. Hardened edges on southwest flank are evidence of vigorous updrafts. Staff Directory How to Contact Us: National Severe Storms Laboratory 1313 Halley Circle Norman, Oklahoma 73069

5. PBS Teachersource - Scienceline - Ice Storms February 6, 2003. Scienceline ice storms. Quality Education LinksScienceline focuses on different sciencerelated topics. Here you http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/scienceline/archives/feb99/feb99_2.shtm

April 8, 2003 Ice Storms Quality Education Links Scienceline focuses on different science-related topics. Here you will find quality educational links related to this feature. Note: Some of these links will open up a second browser window and take you away from PBS Online. Ice Storm 1998 http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/events/icestorm98/icestorm98_e.html A Winter Storm Guide to Survival http://205.156.54.206/om/brochures/wntrstm.htm Trying to find out the difference between flurries, squalls and blowing snow? This guide, provided by the National Weather Service, will clear things up for you.  Provided is a glossary of weather terms, steps to prepare for extreme conditions, climatic descriptions of regions throughout the U.S. and winter storm facts. You won't be left out in the cold after reading this great guide! Climatology of Freezing Rain in the U.S. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/~cortinas/preprints/waf15/climo.html Written by Chris Robbins and John Cortinas of the National Severe Storms Laboratory, this site provides statistical information on where and when freezing rain occurs in the U.S. through maps and plots. National Weather Service of North Dakota http://www.crh.noaa.gov/bis/winter.htm

6. Weather.com - Encyclopedia - Winter ice storms The Deep South only experiences winter storms a few timesduring a typical winter. Southeastern snow or ice storms often http://www.weather.com/encyclopedia/winter/ice.html

Home Health Travel Events ... Rays Awareness Seasonal Spotlight: Ski See weather related to ... Driving Events Golf Health Recreation Ski Travel Features of the Week Family Vacation Planner FREE Desktop Weather Storm Encyclopedia Winter Watches and Warnings Winter Climatology Historical Winter Storms Winter Weather Safety ... Winter Precipitation Ice Storms The Deep South only experiences winter storms a few times during a typical winter. Southeastern snow or ice storms often form when an area of low pressure moves eastward across the northern Gulf of Mexico. When this happens, cities like Jackson, Mississippi, Birmingham, Alabama, and Atlanta, Georgia, find themselves on the cold side of the storm. On January 7 and 8, 1973, Atlanta and areas of north Georgia were hard hit by one to four inches of ice that closed schools and left 300,000 people without power for up to a week. Over 2.25 inches of liquid equivalent in the form of freezing rain sleet , and snow fell on Atlanta between 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. on January 7, while temperatures remained at 32°F. To produce a significant winter storm in the Deep South, not only must temperatures be cold enough, but there must also be enough moisture in the atmosphere to produce adequate precipitation.

7. Severe And Hazardous Weather - Ice Storms .Record Breaking Ice Storm in the Southern Plains, 29 to 31 January 2002......Frozen Precipitation and ice storms. select image to animate, http://severewx.atmos.uiuc.edu/index.11.html

Home Current Weather Forecast Links Archived Data ... Heat Waves Frozen Precipitation and Ice Storms select image to animate Description Record Breaking Ice Storm in the Southern Plains, 29 to 31 January 2002 View animations of 300mb and 850mb flow, national radar, and forecasts of precipitation including freezing precipitation. The Worst Ice Storm in Canadian History - January 1998 View animations of infrared satellite, water vapor satellite, surface temperature and dewpoint temperature, sea level pressure, and 3-hr surface pressure tendency. Go to top Additional Resources Web Resources Description Oklahoma Ice Storm of January 2002 Learn more about the ice storm that affected portions of northern Oklahoma mid-winter 2002. The Ice Storm of Janaury 1998 Learn more about the record breaking ice storm of January 1998 including history and cause of the storm as well as forecasts, warnings, and damage. Current Icing Potential Pilots can obtain current information on the potential for aircraft icing Detecting Freezing Rain Read more about the freezing rain sensor used by the National Weather Service to detect freezing precipitation.

8. Ice Storms Freeze Systems - Computerworld Power outages in the Midwest late last month brought some IT operations to their knees while others were able to keep running along. http://www.computerworld.com/cwi/story/0%2C1199%2CNAV47_STO55984%2C00.html

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9. Extreme Weather Gallery: Gallery Of Blizzards And Ice Storms Gallery Directory, http://www.wildweather.com/gallery/collection-winter-storms.htm

Gallery Directory Gallery Home Hurricanes Severe Storms Tornadoes Floods Winter Storms Miscellaneous Submit Your Own Photo Wild Weather.COM

10. Wild Weather: Gallery Photos Of Blizzard And Ice Storms. Ice Storm of 98 http://www.wildweather.com/gallery/photo-icestorm98-house.htm

Gallery Directory Gallery Home Hurricanes Severe Storms Tornadoes Floods Winter Storms Miscellaneous Submit Your Own Photo Wild Weather.COM Ice Storm of 98' (January 1, 1998) (photo courtesy of John Ferguson) back

11. Ice Storms : TreeLink : The Community Forestry Resource ice storms. Trees and ice storms The Development of Ice StormResistant Urban TreePopulations Richard J. Hauer, Mary C. Hruska, and Jeffrey O. Dawson. 1994. http://www.treelink.org/linx/?navSubCatRef=22

12. Ice Storms - Weather Information : TreeLink : The Community Forestry Resource ice storms Weather Information. 4 links were returned. How to DeterminePercent Live Crown Loss in Hardwoods Before Leaf-Out From http://www.treelink.org/linx/index.phtml?navTypeRef=5&navSubCatRef=22

13. Home News Money Sports Life Tech Weather Main Categories Weather 10, 1998, following major ice storm (AP). One of the most longlivedand damaging ice storms tohit the Northeastern states this cent http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wice98.htm

Home News Money Sports ... Weather Main Categories Weather briefs Cold science Weather basics Hurricanes ... Almanac More weather The week ahead Weather extremes Weather safety Travel forecasts ... Talk Today 03/07/99- Updated 03:20 PM ET Northeast ice storm index A car dodges fallen tree limbs and power lines in Watertown, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1998, following major ice storm (AP). One of the most long-lived and damaging ice storms to hit the Northeastern states this century struck the week of Jan. 4-9, 1998. Weather conditions favored the formation of thick icing unusually far north, into the northern parts of New York and Vermont, across New Hampshire and in most of Maine. Much of southeastern Canada also was locked in the freezing rain's icy grip all week; about 4.5 million people lost power as the worst natural disaster in Canada's history unfolded. This index has links to the latest news and reports on what likely will be one of the more historic weather events of 1998. January 1998 ice storm in pictures From Burlington, Vt., NWS

14. Ice Storms ice storms. Freezing precipitation is a major hazard which affects all partsof Canada. ice storms have crippled communities from Vancouver to St. http://www.icomm.ca/hazards/meteorological/glaze.html

Ice Storms An ice storm, while it may be aesthetically pleasing, is potentially one of the most destructive forms of winter storm. Freezing precipitation is a major hazard which affects all parts of Canada. Ice storms have crippled communities from Vancouver to St. John's, by disrupting services, damaging property, and causing accidents that are sometimes fatal. Ice storms often result in power blackouts, disrupted telephone service, broken tree limbs and downed utility lines, streets that are impassable to vehicles and pedestrians, and roofs rendered unsafe by heavy ice loading. The most disruptive ice storms occur when significant amounts of liquid precipitation fall from an above-freezing layer of air aloft through a sufficiently deep layer of sub-zero air near the surface. The precipitation freezes as it falls down through the sub-zero surface layer. Raindrops that freeze completely prior to coming in contact with the ground are referred to as ice pellets. Ice pellets generally do not cling to wires or exposed surfaces unless accompanied by rain or wet snow. If the surface layer is not deep enough or cold enough to freeze the drops completely, these raindrops freeze almost immediately upon contact with a surface, such as pavement, car windshields and utility wires, spreading out into a smooth veneer of clear ice, often referred to as a glaze ice. If accompanied by snow, an opaque and milky rime, with embedded air bubbles, is the result. It is often this combination that results in sufficient build-up to cause structural failure or lines to snap.

15. Ice Storms: Beauty Amid Destruction - Suite101.com When freezing rain falls for a long period and covers and extensive area it iscalled an ice storms. Date April 25, 2002 709 AM. Subject Re ice storms. http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/13646/86621

Topics Articles Links BEST OF WEB ONLINE COURSES COMMUNITIES BOOK CIRCLE ... MY SUITE Search Within: Science of the Sky Environment Suite101.com Member Central Join Our Community! Login Member Update What's New ... TravelSuite Suite University About Suite University Visit the University Course Listing New Courses ... Featured Courses New Topics Electronica Basketball Teaching Creative Writing to Children Maine People ... More... Suite Events My Favorite Place War and Peace Spring Into Health! Earth Day 2003 More about Suite101 About Suite101.com - Select a related topic - Aquatic Animals Arctic Wildlife Birding Colorado Nature Series Conservation and Consumpt Everyday Geology Living With Nature Living with Wildlife Lizards, Turtles and Snak Microbiology Paleontology Pennsylvania Nature Science of the Sky Snails and Shells Tropical and Neotropical Weeds and Wild Things Whales Wild Cats Wildlife - Select a related course - Ecological Gardening: Org Environmental affairs - G Our National Wildlife Tre Visit Environment Detailed Topic List Home Science and mathematics ... Geology, hydrology, meteorology Science of the Sky By Keith C. Heidorn

16. Ice Storms: Beauty Amid Destruction - Suite101.com messages from 1 to 10 of Discussions relating to Science of the Sky ice stormsBeauty Amid Destruction - dewey decimal 551.6. 9 JButler, ice storms http://www.suite101.com/discussion.cfm/13646/71884

Topics Articles Links BEST OF WEB ONLINE COURSES COMMUNITIES BOOK CIRCLE ... MY SUITE Search Within: Science of the Sky Environment Suite101.com Member Central Join Our Community! Login Member Update What's New ... TravelSuite Suite University About Suite University Visit the University Course Listing New Courses ... Featured Courses New Topics Electronica Basketball Teaching Creative Writing to Children Maine People ... More... Suite Events My Favorite Place War and Peace Spring Into Health! Earth Day 2003 More about Suite101 About Suite101.com - Select a related topic - Aquatic Animals Arctic Wildlife Birding Colorado Nature Series Conservation and Consumpt Everyday Geology Living With Nature Living with Wildlife Lizards, Turtles and Snak Microbiology Paleontology Pennsylvania Nature Science of the Sky Snails and Shells Tropical and Neotropical Weeds and Wild Things Whales Wild Cats Wildlife - Select a related course - Ecological Gardening: Org Environmental affairs - G Our National Wildlife Tre Visit Environment Detailed Topic List Home Science and mathematics ... Geology, hydrology, meteorology Science of the Sky By Keith C. Heidorn

17. Ice Storms: Additional Information ice storms Additional Information. Haurer, RJ, MC Hruska, and JO Dawson. Trees andice storms The Development of Ice StormResistant Urban Tree Populations. http://kyclim.wku.edu/BRADD/icestorms/addinfo.html

Ice Storms: Additional Information Previous Next Haurer, R.J., M.C. Hruska, and J.O. Dawson. Trees and Ice Storms: The Development of Ice Storm-Resistant Urban Tree Populations . Special Publication 94-1, Department of Forestry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1994. National Weather Service. Winter Storms...The Deceptive Killers: A Guide to Survival. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/wntrstm.htm Previous Mitigation Table of Contents Next Sources

18. Ice Storms: Ice Storms In The Barren River Area ice storms ice storms in the Barren River Area. Figure 81. Frequencyof ice storms by year in the Barren River Area, 1949-1999. http://kyclim.wku.edu/BRADD/icestorms/icestorms.html

Ice Storms: Ice Storms in the Barren River Area Previous Next The historical record of ice storms affecting the Barren River Area is relatively short. Published accounts document events affecting major cities throughout the Southeast dating back at least 50 years (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1997). Reports of ice storms in the National Climatic Data Center's Storm Data publications are available beginning in 1973 for the Barren River Area. By combining these reports with the longer record of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, it is possible to piece together a record of significant ice storms affecting the Barren River Area from 1949 through 1999. Ice storms are random events that occur infrequently in the Barren River Area. Over the period from 1949 through 1999, 33 ice storms were documented. Ice storms occurred in 25 of the 51 years of record with multiple storms in five different years (Figure 8-1). Figure 8-1. Frequency of ice storms by year in the Barren River Area, 1949-1999. Since 1973, 17 storms have hit Bowling Green. Nine of these storms deposited at least 0.25 inch of ice accumulation. These storms caused fatalities and extensive damage to buildings, trees, and power lines. Hart County has been declared a state of emergency due to ice twice in recent years, first in 1987 and then again in 1999. The first of these, 16,000 people were without power, and dairy farmers were affected because their milking machines were immobilized. Approximately 0.25" of ice was recorded at Bowling Green that day.

19. Archive, Ice Storms In Upstate New York - Disaster Response ARCHIVE ON ice storms IN UPSTATE NEW YORK. As communications improve, theimmediate needs of the ice storms are becoming more and more apparent. http://www.elca.org/dcs/disaster/archives/a-icestm.html

ARCHIVE ON ICE STORMS IN UPSTATE NEW YORK February 14, 1998 Dear friends in Christ, In the midst of many meetings in Fargo this past week, Dr. Leon Phillips (Director, Lutheran Disaster Response) and I met with Bob Bottchen. Bob and his wife Carol have just returned from upstate New York, where they delivered fifty generators from the on-going North Dakota disaster response operation to help with the northeast ice storms. But they did not only deliver generators to the rural homeowners and dairy farmers; they stayed for three weeks to help install, service, and pick up the generators. More importantly, they worshipped and spoke with the local folks and organizations, added moral support, and shared the Gospel of hope. Bob told us the people were truly grateful for Lutheran Disaster Response. "They couldn't believe that a church or church-sponsored organization would care enough about them to travel all those miles, and be willing to loan them a generator at no cost to them...considering Lutheran's are in the minority in this area." Bob shared this experience, which I want to pass on to you: "A man came to the house we were working out of, and asked to borrow a generator. This fellow looked as though he had not been near soap and water for sometime, and really looked very tired. After Carol helped him fill out the paperwork, and I put the generator in his trunk, he shook my hand and thanked LDR for being there to help, and at this time he began to cry, saying that we did not know how much he appreciated the use of the generator, as he had a six week old baby on a monitor and that they had been living in a shelter for the past seventeen days. This generator meant that he and his family could go back home. If this would have been the only generator that was needed, it would have made the trip worth while."

20. Ice Storms Freeze Systems - Computerworld ice storms Freeze Systems But IT preparedness keeps businesses going ByJAMES COPE JANUARY 08, 2001 Content Type Story Source Computerworld. http://www.computerworld.com/cwi/stories/0,1199,NAV47-68-84-91_STO55984,00.html

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