1. Iraq History And Culture From Noah To Present History and culture form Noah to present.Category Regional Middle East Iraq Society and Culture History......iraq history and Culture from the cradle of civilization and Noah to the Presentage and time! Iraq (4KB) History (2KB) The Cradle of Civilization. http://www.achilles.net/~sal/iraq_history.html

The Cradle of Civilization I n ancient times the land area now known as modern Iraq was almost equivalent to Mesopotamia the land between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates (in Arabic, the Dijla and Furat, respectively), the Mesopotamian plain was called the Fertile Crescent. This region is known as the Cradle of Civilization; was the birthplace of the varied civilizations that moved us from prehistory to history. An advanced civilization flourished in this region long before that of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, for it was here in about 4000BC that the Sumerian culture flourished Writing evolved to keep track of property. Clay envelopes Uruk in approximately 2700 BC, is a moving story of the ruler's deep sorrow at the death of his friend Enkidu, and of his consequent search for immortality. Other central themes of the story are a devastating flood and the tenuous nature of man's existence, and ended by meeting a wise and ancient man who had survived a great flood by building an ark. Land was cultivated for the first time, early calendars were used and the first written alphabet was invented here. Its bountiful land, fresh waters, and varying climate contributed to the creation of deep-rooted civilization that had fostered humanity from its affluent fountain since thousand of years. Sumerian states were believed to be under the rule of a local god or goddess, and a bureaucratic system of the priesthood arose to oversee the ritualistic and complex religion. High Priests represented the gods on earth, one of their jobs being to discern the divine will. A favorite method of divination was reading sheep or goat entrails. The priests ruled from their

2. Iraq: History iraq history. INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation 2. Economy 3. Health Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. History, In this summary http://i-cias.com/e.o/iraq_5.htm

READER ADS: Marrakech at Houston PUT YOUR AD HERE - FREE ... Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Iraq: History CONTENT INTRODUCTION Political situation Defense Economy ... History In this summary, ' Mesopotamia ' is used for the region, while 'Iraq' is used from the time of the Arab conquest. 3100 BCE: The civilization of Sumer , with city states, which develops systems of irrigation, trade and writing. Around 2600: Akkadians moves into Mesopotamia. Around 2350: Akkadian kingdom established by Sargon Around 1950: Invasion of Sumer by Elamites and Amoritts. Hammurabi , the most famous Amotittian ruler of Babylonia Around 1590: The Kassites take power. Around 1370: Assyria starts to become a regional power. Kassites are driven out of power by the Elamites. Around 1120: Babylonia becomes a strong power. Around 1000: Arameans move into the Mesopotamian region. Babylon destroyed by the Assyrians. New Babylonian kingdom under the Chaldeans. Fall of Assyria. Mesopotamian region is conquered by Persians, under the control of Cyrus the Great. Conquest by Alexander the Great.

3. WWW-VL History Index. Modern Iraq An Overview of the History of Iraq. iraq history. Encyclopedia of the Orient Contains numerous historical articles, http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/near_east/iraq.html

WWW-VL HISTORY: SPECIAL FACILITY Daily Iraq Crisis Bulletin Geography Reference Bibliography ... Unsorted Click here for: The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog The WWW-VL search facility. The WWW-VL History Central Catalogue RETURN TO INDEX Research Tools Geography Maps Country Maps Political 1999 Administrative Divisions Relief Cities and Regions Bahdad and Vicinity, 1992 Central Baghdad 1998 , by Kenny Hopper [428Kb] Al-Basrah Region [833Kb-detailed] Al Mawsil [Mosul]-Arbil Region, Northern Iraq [927Kb-detailed] Husaybah [Qusaybah] and Iraq/Syria Border [638Kb-detailed] Kirkuk-Arbil Region [676Kb-detailed] East-Central Iraq Northern Iraq [721Kb-detailed] Western Kuwait and Neighboring Iraq Iraqi-Jordanian Border Sulaymaniyah Region [721Kb-detailed relief] Thematic Maps Ethnoreligious Groups Population Density Kurdish Lands Map for the Iraq-Iran War ... Map for Coalition Arrack on Iraq and occupied Kuwait Gazeteers Cities and Towns , from Calle [with local maps and image search] Geographic Finding Aids Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Language Languages of Iraq , from Ethnologue Map of Spoken Languages , from Ethnologue Arabic Dictionaries Language, Culture and Grammar Notes

4. Saleh Home Page About Iraq Several links to information related to Iraq as well as archives of flags, maps, news, history and Category Regional Middle East Society and Culture Personal Pages......iraq history, Culture, News, Music and Songs, Live Voice Chat, UN Documentsabout Iraq, and more in many pictures and forms. SalehSite http://www.achilles.net/~sal/

SalehSite Map Front Page History City of Uruk Hammurabi Maps, .. etc. Search Site Iraq Search Iraqi Baby Coalition UN Docs Resolutions Arabic A/V Iraqi Songs Iraq Net Investment event.srcElement.style.backgroundColor = "#99ccff"; event.srcElement.style.backgroundColor = "#6699ff"; Saleh Iraq Home Page Last updated Sunday, March 23, 2003 History Iraqi baby UN Documents Arabic newspapers Coalition Countries Songs Languages Recipes Assyria Online Kurdish Web Iraqi Voice Chat Iraq Search Favorite Links Internet Resource Center Investment Center Visitors since Sunday, April 20, 1997 Please read

5. Iraq History And Culture From Noah To Present iraq history and Culture from the cradle of civilization and Noah to the Present age and time! the land area now known as modern Iraq was almost equivalent to Mesopotamia, the land civilizations that moved us from prehistory to history. An advanced civilization flourished http://home.achilles.net/~sal/iraq_history.html

The Cradle of Civilization I n ancient times the land area now known as modern Iraq was almost equivalent to Mesopotamia the land between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates (in Arabic, the Dijla and Furat, respectively), the Mesopotamian plain was called the Fertile Crescent. This region is known as the Cradle of Civilization; was the birthplace of the varied civilizations that moved us from prehistory to history. An advanced civilization flourished in this region long before that of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, for it was here in about 4000BC that the Sumerian culture flourished Writing evolved to keep track of property. Clay envelopes Uruk in approximately 2700 BC, is a moving story of the ruler's deep sorrow at the death of his friend Enkidu, and of his consequent search for immortality. Other central themes of the story are a devastating flood and the tenuous nature of man's existence, and ended by meeting a wise and ancient man who had survived a great flood by building an ark. Land was cultivated for the first time, early calendars were used and the first written alphabet was invented here. Its bountiful land, fresh waters, and varying climate contributed to the creation of deep-rooted civilization that had fostered humanity from its affluent fountain since thousand of years. Sumerian states were believed to be under the rule of a local god or goddess, and a bureaucratic system of the priesthood arose to oversee the ritualistic and complex religion. High Priests represented the gods on earth, one of their jobs being to discern the divine will. A favorite method of divination was reading sheep or goat entrails. The priests ruled from their

6. Iraq History History of Iraq. Click here to visit our sponsor. http://www.countryreports.org/history/iraqhist.htm

History of Iraq Help us remain subscription free. Please donate $1.00. Introduction Chapter 1. Historical Setting ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria ... Glossary Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South

7. WWW-VL History Index. Modern Iraq History Surveys and Overviews An Overview of the History of Iraq; iraq history;Encyclopedia of the Orient Contains numerous historical articles, maps and http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/near_east/iraq.html

WWW-VL HISTORY: SPECIAL FACILITY Daily Iraq Crisis Bulletin Geography Reference Bibliography ... Unsorted Click here for: The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog The WWW-VL search facility. The WWW-VL History Central Catalogue RETURN TO INDEX Research Tools Geography Maps Country Maps Political 1999 Administrative Divisions Relief Cities and Regions Bahdad and Vicinity, 1992 Central Baghdad 1998 , by Kenny Hopper [428Kb] Al-Basrah Region [833Kb-detailed] Al Mawsil [Mosul]-Arbil Region, Northern Iraq [927Kb-detailed] Husaybah [Qusaybah] and Iraq/Syria Border [638Kb-detailed] Kirkuk-Arbil Region [676Kb-detailed] East-Central Iraq Northern Iraq [721Kb-detailed] Western Kuwait and Neighboring Iraq Iraqi-Jordanian Border Sulaymaniyah Region [721Kb-detailed relief] Thematic Maps Ethnoreligious Groups Population Density Kurdish Lands Map for the Iraq-Iran War ... Map for Coalition Arrack on Iraq and occupied Kuwait Gazeteers Cities and Towns , from Calle [with local maps and image search] Geographic Finding Aids Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Language Languages of Iraq , from Ethnologue Map of Spoken Languages , from Ethnologue Arabic Dictionaries Language, Culture and Grammar Notes

8. Iraq History Comprehensive guide features essays chronicling the ancient and contemporary history of the country. History of Iraq. History Home Page. CountryReports.org http://www.emulateme.com/history/iraqhist.htm

History of Iraq Help us remain subscription free. Please donate $1.00. Introduction Chapter 1. Historical Setting ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria ... Glossary Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South

9. Iraq History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Curr iraq history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, CurrentIssues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Iraq History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria ... THE IRAN-IRAQ CONFLICT NOTE: The information regarding Iraq on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Iraq History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Iraq History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

10. IRAQ HISTORY iraq history. back 1918Great Britain uses systematic aerial bombardmentfor first time in history to put down rebellions in Iraq. 1921 http://www.scn.org/wwfor/iraqhist.html

IRAQ HISTORY back to WWFOR Iraq Interest Network page Late 1800s British control Middle East in order to have a land route to India British Navy shifted from coal to oil British/French in Sykes-Picot agreement arbitrarily draw national borders in Middle East; southern Mesopotamia including Baghdad was to be administered by Great Britain. Arabs were needless to say upset by this secret agreement when it was published by the Russian government in 1917. British forces invaded Mesopotamia and occupied Baghdad; Iraq became British Mandate Great Britain uses systematic aerial bombardment for first time in history to put down rebellions in Iraq. British Colonial Office draws line across Southern Iraq creating Kuwait to prevent Iraq access to Persian Gulf Iraq joins League of Nations and recognized as sovereign state Late 1940s - after WWII British power begins to wane and America steps in. George Kennan , U.S. State Department stated in 1948," The US has about 50% of the world's wealth but only 6.3% of its population. In this situation we cannot fail to be the object of envy and resentment. Our real task in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this position of disparity without positive detriment to our national security. To do so we will have to dispense with all sentimentality and daydreaming, and our attention will have to be concentrated everywhere on our immediate national objectives. We need not deceive ourselves that we can afford the luxury of altruism and world benefaction. We should cease to talk about such vague and unreal objectives as human rights, the raising of living standards and democratization. The day is not far off when we are going to have to deal in straight power concepts. The less we are then hampered by idealistic slogans, the better."

11. Arab Gateway: Iraq - History iraq history. 1977. The Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient NearEast Michael Roaf. 1990. Ancient Iraq (Penguin History) Georges Roux. 1993. http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/iraq/history.htm

ARAB gateway HOME PAGE SITE SEARCH Arab A to Z Art/architecture ... CONTACT US IRAQ: HISTORY IRAQ: MAIN PAGE ABOUT IRAQ: Books Documents Economy History Internet Maps Media Military ... Travel THIS PAGE: Ancient culture Ancient Mesopotamia Archaeology Books ... Twentieth century ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Cradle of civilisation A very brief introduction from ArabNet Chronology of Mesopotamia 9000-500 BC Mesopotamian Timeline from 5000 to 250 BC Mesopotamia: an introduction Geographical and climatological background, including an introduction to the people (Sumerians, Akkadians, etc), the divine world, economy, Assyriology and archaeology. [From Akkadian Language by John Heise] Pre-history in Mesopotamia The Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. [From Akkadian Language by John Heise] Proto-history in Mesopotamia Sumerian kings, the Flood story, first cities (Jemdet Nasr), the Old Sumerian Age, and the Early Dynastic period. [From Akkadian Language by John Heise]

12. Special Edition: Iraq History Series The history of Iraq over the past century has been violent and troubling.Its colonial legacy set it on a course that led to the http://www.theworld.org/Iraq/

Hourly Updated News Who in The World Knows? Technology Report Books Jobs The history of Iraq over the past century has been violent and troubling. Its colonial legacy set it on a course that led to the rise of the Arab Baath Socialist Party Jeb Sharp Part 1 Iraq's British Legacy February 11, 2003 (full transcription and bonus material) When the British and French divided their spoils after World War I, Britain got three former provinces of the Ottoman Empire which became Iraq. The British decided not to run their new territory directly but instead to install a "friendly" Arab leader as King. They chose Prince Faisal, friend of the colorful British colonel TE Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia. King Faisal managed to lead the country to independence in 1932 but Iraq did not really shake off British domination until 1958 when a violent coup overthrew the monarchy. This segment describes the Anglo-Iraqi relationship and its legacy. Part 2 The Rise and Rule of Saddam Hussein February 12, 2003

13. Philadelphia Daily News | 01/27/2003 | U.S. Iraq History US iraq history June 1979 Saddam Hussein, a leader of a coup that had seizedpower in Iraq 10 years earlier, officially becomes the nation’s leader. http://www.philly.com/mld/dailynews/news/local/5041206.htm

Click here to visit other RealCities sites Help Contact Us Archives ... Newspaper Subscriptions Search Search the Archives Sports YO! Features Opinion ... Philadelphia Daily News Tuesday, Apr 08, 2003 Posted on Mon, Jan. 27, 2003 U.S. Iraq history June 1979: Saddam Hussein, a leader of a coup that had seized power in Iraq 10 years earlier, officially becomes the nation’s leader. He launches war on neighboring Iran the next year. Dec. 20, 1983: Then-President Ronald Reagan dispatches a former defense secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, as a special envoy to Baghdad, where he is photographed shaking hands with Saddam. The U.S. sees Iraq as a possible buffer against Iran’s radical Islamic fundamentalism. George H.W. Bush is elected president, while the Iran-Iraq war finally ends. Aug. 2, 1990: Iraq invades and occupies oil-rich Kuwait, its neighbor. The United States and other allies vow to dislodge Saddam. March 3, 1991: U.S.-led Operation Desert Storm retakes Kuwait and routs the Iraqi army. Then- President Bush decides not to oust Saddam, fearing a power vacuum and uncertainty if he is dislodged. February 1992: A team working with deputy defense secretary Paul Wolfowitz drafts a policy to more aggressively use American military power around the globe, both to rout unfriendly regimes and to keep potential rivals in check. The plan is rejected after public outcry. Later that year, Bush is defeated for re-election by Bill Clinton.

14. Real Cities.com | 01/12/2003 | Graphic | History Of Iraq 12, 2003, Graphic History of Iraq. email this , print this. BACKGROUND.», The faded glory of iraq history. », Iraq facts and figures. http://www.philly.com/mld/philly/news/special_packages/iraq/4919286.htm

Click here to visit other RealCities sites Help Contact Us Archives ... Back to Home Tuesday, Apr 08, 2003 War with Iraq Posted on Sun, Jan. 12, 2003 email this print this LATEST AP IRAQ STORIES Updated Tuesday, Apr 08, 2003 Natchez native becomes third Mississippian to be killed in Iraq - 11:13 PM EDT Central Illinois soldier killed in Iraq grenade attack - 11:13 PM EDT Combat casualty Menusa gets farewell in Tracy - 11:06 PM EDT F-15 Fighter Lost Over Iraq, 2 Missing - 11:05 PM EDT In an April 7 story about Cpl. Erik H. Silva, an infantry rifleman... - 11:03 PM EDT IRAQ MAP PHOTO SLIDE SHOW more photos GET IN TOUCH Find troops around the world Operation Dear Abby HOW TO HELP American Red Cross Air Force Aid Society Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society MORE ONLINE RESOURCES BACKGROUND History of Iraq Iraq facts and figures Weather in Iraq More background info BRIEFING Day 21: April 8 WEATHER Cloudy High: Low: War casualties Profiles QUOTE "There is no presence of American infidels in the city of Baghdad, at all." Mohammed Saeed al-Sahhaf , Iraqi information minister Time now in Iraq News Business Sports ... Real Estate

15. Europe, The Middle East And The USA - Iraq - History US Middle East Policy Europe. Iraq History. MENU For a very briefhistory of Iraq, visit the following Iraq pages of Arab Net-. http://www.eurolegal.org/usmideast4page2.htm

Europe, the Middle East and the USA Iraq - History Return to USA-EU Main Page Contents of this Page Iraq - Introduction Saddam Hussein - Iraq's Criminal President Iraq Produces its UN Declaration Naming the Weapons Suppliers Saddam Hussein - Biography and Criminal Record The Kurdish People in Iraq and Elsewhere Indictment of Saddam Hussein and Henchmen Iraqi Exile Groups (select topic and click on button) Other Iraq Pages Introduction to the Bush 'n' Blair War Iraq - History Iraq and the UN Legality of War without UN Mandate Iraq - US War Plans ... econstruction [Note: Last Update to this page: 20.45 BST 30th March 2003] Iraq - Introduction Modern Iraq occupies roughly what was once ancient Mesopotamia, one of the cradles of human civilisation. As its ancient name implies, Iraq lies principally between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In the Middle Ages Iraq was the centre of the Islamic Empire, with Baghdad the cultural and political capital of an area extending from Morocco to the Indian subcontinent. Mongol invasions in the 13th century saw its influence wane, and it played a minor role in the region until independence from British control in 1932.

16. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Iraq: H ALMISBAH Regions, Nations and Peoples Particular Regions ArabicEast iraq history, Politics (WWW), 1. Confronting Iraq US http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302020203_

ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Iraq: History, Politics (WWW) 1. Confronting Iraq : U.S. Policy and the Use of Force Since the Gulf War Source Type Single Articles / Books URL http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1146/ Keywords Iraq; United States; foreign relations; military policy; online publications DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. Crisis with Iraq Source Type Official Governmental Server URL http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/iraq.htm Keywords Iraq; politics; United States; foreign policy; foreign relations; online documents; online articles; human rights DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Desert Storm Maps (Historical Map Bibliographies) Source Type Special Bibliographies URL http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/maps/pgwrmap.htm Keywords maps; Persian Gulf War; bibliography; Iraq-Kuwait crisis, 1990-1991; Iraq; Kuwait DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 4. Electionworld : Elections around the world Source Type Virtual Libraries, Internet Directories and Link Lists URL http://www.electionworld.org/

17. Iraq History iraq history From Grolier's The New Book of Knowledge, This stone pillaroriginally stood in the town of Babylon. It depicts Hammurabi http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/iraq/iraq_history.htm

18. Iraq: History Iraq is a veritable treasure house of antiquities, and recent archaeologicalexcavations have greatly expanded the knowledge of ancient history. http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0858896.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Iraq History Early History through British Influence Iraq is a veritable treasure house of antiquities, and recent archaeological excavations have greatly expanded the knowledge of ancient history. Prior to the Arab conquest in the 7th cent. A.D. , Iraq had been the site of a number of flourishing civilizations, including the Sumer , which developed one of the earliest known writing systems, Akkad Babylonia , and Assyria . The capital of the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad in the 8th cent. and the city became a famous center for learning and the arts. Despite fierce resistance, Mesopotamia fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 16th cent. and passed under direct Ottoman administration in the 19th cent. (see Ottoman Empire , when it came to constitute the three Turkish provinces of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul. At this time the area became of great interest to the European powers, especially the Germans, who wanted to extend the Berlin-Baghdad railroad all the way to the port of Kuwait.

19. Iraq - Culture, History, Economy, Trade, Government, Tourism, Media Report It. Iraq country profile By ABC News. About iraq history, culture, politics,government. Iraq culture, history, economy, trade, government, tourism. http://www.arab.de/arab/Arab_Countries/Iraq/

www.arab.de Monday, April 7 2003 Iraq related web sites Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Pages: Iraq Maps Iraq Map Collection- Country Maps, City Maps, Baghdad, Basra. Iraq: Oil Infrastructure, historical Maps ( Hits: 20 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Iraq to Canada ( Hits: 22 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Encarta Encyclopedia - Iraq Land and Resources, Population, Economy, Government, History ( Hits: 1772 Rating: 7.33 Votes: 3) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Iraq The Columbia Encyclopedia - Land and People, Economy, Government, History ( Hits: 1295 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Iraq country profile By ABC News. About Iraq history, culture, politics, government. Take a look at statistics on its economy and population ( Hits: 1684 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Inter. Survival Guide Iraq Includes country facts, info for travellers, important adresses and special information for women ( Hits: 445 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It

20. Iraq History IRAQ. Mesopotamia, the ancient name for the region now known as Iraq, wasthe birthplace of one of the oldest civilizations known to mankind. http://www.nationbynation.com/Iraq/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... IRAQ Mesopotamia, the ancient name for the region now known as Iraq, was the birthplace of one of the oldest civilizations known to mankind. The Sumerians arose some 3000 years before Christ and from their city-states, the empire of Babylonia developed. Babylon fell to the Assyrians in 1350 B.C., and then to the Persians under Cyrus and Darius. persian rule would define the area for the next millennium. Islam began expanding in the 600s A.D. and quickly absorbed the Persian-ruled areas. The Caliphate was moved to Baghdad in 762. After the Mongols attacked Baghdad in 1258, the region declined such that it was easy pickings for the Ottomans in 1534 and thus Iraq remained for nearly 400 years. In 1915, the British occupied Iraq and after World War I, Britain continued to govern under the provisions of a League of Nations mandate. Under British supervision, a Hashemite monarchy was established in 1921. The kingdom became independent in 1932 but continued its close relationship with Britain, one predicated on the oil and defense interests of the British. But the British were not universally loved in Iraq as evidenced by the coups that were repelled with the ehlp of British troops. After a 1941 attempt wherein Italy and Germany were approached for aid, Britain took no chances. It sent troops to secure the throne and then ensure that Iraq declare war on the Axis in 1943. Post-war, Iraq joined the Arab League and took part in the war fought in 1948 to prevent Israel from being established. When the conflict ended, nearly the entire Jewish population of Iraq left for Israel. The monarchy was deposed in 1958 by a left-wing coup. The new regime turned against the West, nationalized oil and other industries, and broke up large landholdings. The radical Socialist Ba'ath party came to power in 1968. Soviet advisors and armaments followed in 1972, preparing Iraq to participate in the 1973 Yom Kippur War against Israel (Iraq sent troops to the Syrian front-lines). In 1975, Iraq took on the Kurds who were defeated by at great cost. In 1979, Gen. Saddam Hussein took over the government and a year later, war broke out between Iran and Iraq. It would continue, with little accomplished except the killing of hundreds of thousands and massive destruction on both sides. In 1981, Israel destroyed an Iraqi nuclear reactor that was apparently engaged in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Iraq and Iran agreed to a ceasefire in 1988. The international community criticized Iraq's continued repression and arms acquisitions, particularly when Iraqis were seized trying to smuggle nuclear weapon components from the UK and the US. In 1990, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait, setting the stage for the Gulf War five months later. Though Saddam Hussein was defeated, he was left in control of the country, which has spent the years since the Gult War ended, trying to stymie United Nations arms inspectors and dealing with the results of UN-sponsored sanctions.

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