61. Oldest Bridge In Ireland country's oldest bridge, the largest wooden structure from early Christian ireland. bythe Archaeological Institute of America http//www.archaeology.org/online http://www.archaeology.org/online/news/irish.html

O NLINE N EWS May 6, 1998 O LDEST B RIDGE IN I RELAND n the first large-scale underwater excavation in Ireland, archaeologists have found remains of the country's oldest bridge, the largest wooden structure from early Christian Ireland. Built in A.D. 804, the 533-foot-long, 17-foot-wide oak span supported a roadway leading to the nearby monastery and village of Clonmacnoise. The size of the bridge suggests technical know-how and a large, skilled workforce. It also indicates the area was more economically and politically advanced than previously assumed. An underwater team led by Aidan O'Sullivan found the remains in 1996 after reading about the bridge in twelfth-century Irish annals. Dives in the Shannon River revealed large piles driven 12 feet into the clay river bottom. O'Sullivan believes as many as 20 or 30 beams and planks could still lie on the riverbed. The team also uncovered nine dugout canoes, four axes, a sharpening stone, and a bronze liturgical basin decorated with ribbing and dating from the eighth or ninth centuries. About 12 inches across, the basin was badly damaged. It was possibly lost on the bridge during a raid on the monastery, perhaps by the Vikings, says O'Sullivan. The four or five known basins of similar design were all uncovered in Viking graves. This summer divers are searching for more evidence; O'Sullivan hopes to find jetties and other boats upstream that would associate commercial activity with the Clonmacnoise monastery.B EN K EENE HOME NEWS BACK ISSUES SUBSCRIBE!

62. Tracing Ireland's Lost Archaeology Much of ireland's archaeological artefacts either lost much of the information associatedwith their discovery or were dispersed through their sale and auction http://doi.ucc.ie/archcoll.html

By computerising and matching antiquarian records with museum registers this project aims to re-identify unprovenanced artefacts in Irish national collections and to trace objects of Irish provenance in museums abroad. A database of Irish antiquarian collectors and dealers also will be compiled. The initial focus is on the collection of William Knowles of Antrim much of which was dispersed in a five-day auction. Research is initially concentrated on 15,000 objects acquired by Alexander Keiller. In contrast, the drawings of Irish material collected by the Danish antiquarian J.J.A. Worsaae will help re-identify objects whose significance has been lost. It is only within the last 100 years that there was a common acceptance that collections of archaeological objects should be retained for future scientific purposes and as an aid to studying the past. Until then some archaeological objects were kept with other forms of curiosites in many small, short-lived museums (see leaflet for Youghal museum.) Most were initially held in private collections, from which they were as likely to be scattered through auctions or by being swapped as duplicates for items from other collections. Much of Ireland's archaeological artefacts either lost much of the information associated with their discovery or were dispersed through their sale and auction. As a result large numbers of items are now only known to come from Ireland or in many cases have been exported to other countries. This project hopes to rediscover material which has been exported and re-identify objects which have lost their provenance through the re-evaluation of antiquarian drawings (see

63. Tracing Ireland's Lost Archaeology: J.J.A. Worsaae of prehistoric archaeology. Introduction. Worsaae, under the commission of ChristianVIII of Denmark, spent nine months travelling around Britain and ireland http://doi.ucc.ie/archcoll/worsaae.html

J. J. A. Worsaae Jens Jacob Asmussen, born March 14 1821 in Vejle (Denmark), died August 15 1885 at Copenhagen, was an archaeologist and a principal founder of prehistoric archaeology. Introduction Worsaae, under the commission of Christian VIII of Denmark, spent nine months travelling around Britain and Ireland during 1846 and 1847. One of the most famous Scandinavian antiquarians of the nineteenth century, he had spent time visiting Sweden, Austria, Germany and Switzerland during the preceeding years. The terms of his royal commission, as they related to his tour of Britain and Ireland, primarily focused on an investigation of the Viking-age antiquities and monuments of Scandinavian character. He published the results of his work as Minder om de Danske og Nordmaendene i England, Skotland, og Irland in 1851 with an English translation, entitled An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland,and Ireland , appearing in 1852. Worsaae spent the period between early November 1846 and late January 1847 in Ireland. Most of his time was spent in Dublin, though he did go on excursions to Tara, Newgrange and probably Monasterboice.He delivered a lecture to the Royal Irish Academy on the connections between Irish and Scandinavian antiquities and developed relations with leading Dublin antiquarians. These included George Petrie, William Wilde, J. H. Todd and Sir William Betham. In addition, he corresponded with Cork-based numismatists such as John Lindsay and Richard Sainthill. During his stay in Dublin Worsaae appears to have visited the location in the Kilmainham-Islandbridge area where an important series of Viking graves had recently been discovered.He obtained a number of artefacts from this site, some through the offices of the Royal Irish Academy, and also amassed a collection of antiquities from elsewhere in Ireland through his connections with dealers such as James Henry Underwood, of Dublin, and Whyte Baker, of Callan, county Kilkenny. These artefacts were sent by Worsaae to the Museum of Northern Antiquities, Copenhagen (now the National Museum of Denmark), where they remain. In addition, he arranged for James Plunket to prepare a series of watercolours of artefacts in the collections of the Royal Irish Academy. It is these watercolours, which are also housed in the National Museum of Denmark, which form the basis of this research project.

64. Directory Of British Archaeology: National Bodies ** %Burren archaeology Research Expedition 3303 Web http//www.burrenarch.com F1994Investigation of a Neolithic landscape in the Burren, Co Clare, ireland. http://www.cix.co.uk/~archaeology/directory/ireland.htm

The Directory of British Archaeology Last known at = Data may be out-of-date: organisation did not reply this year Belfast Naturalists' Field Club Last known at 78 Kings Road, , Belfast BT5 6JN. Tel: 01232 797155. F1863. % Billaun, Isle of Man School of Conservation Sciences, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB. Tel: 01202 595536. Fax: 01202 595478. email: tdarvill@bournemouth.ac.uk Neolithic Landscape Project run by Bournemouth University: see CA 150. *** %Burren Archaeology Research Expedition 3303 East 8th Street, Long Beach, CA 90804, United States. Tel: 562 433 5337. email: burrenarch@hotmail.com. Web: http://www.burrenarch.com F1994 Carrickfergus Gasworks Preservation Society 6 Twinburn Crescent, Monkstown, Newton Abbey BT37 0ER. Tel: 01232 862974. F1987 Members 60 The Society is concerned with the preservation, restoration and conservation of the Victorian gasworks and appliances. The Restoration of a dry coal store destroyed in 1944 is now complete. This year is planned the refurbishment of Retort House with the conservation of the show room, board room and managers' house. Volunteers always welcome for restoration work. ** Environment and Heritage Service 5/33 Hill Street, Belfast BT1 2LA. Tel: 01232 543023. Fax: 01232 543111. email: hmb.ehs@nics.gov.uk Staff=100

65. Archaeology Graduate Programs In United Kingdom And Ireland University College, Cork Faculty of Arts archaeology Postgraduate Admissions,Registrar's Office Cork, ireland Click to send Email to http://www.gradschools.com/listings/UK/archaeology_UK.html

Click here to visit the Gradschools.com Bookstore! ARCHAEOLOGY Graduate Schools in United Kingdom and Ireland Sponsoring Institutions: Bristol University Center for International Studies Click here for information on becoming a sponsoring institution General Listings: Arcadia University Center for Education Abroad Graduate Education Abroad in the United Kingdom 450 S. Easton Road Glenside, PA 19038 U.S.A. Click to send E-mail to: Phone: Fax: For graduate study, The Arcadia University Center for Education Abroad provides access to five highly respected institutions in the United Kingdom: King's College, University of London; University of Essex; University of York; Queen's University Belfast; and the University of Glasgow. Arcadia eliminates the complexities of the overseas graduate application process and will act as your single source for academic advising, application and financial aid processing, housing placement, and complete predepature planning. Most of these programs can be completed in one year. Birkbeck College - University of London Archaeology Registry, Malet Street

66. Local Ireland: /History/Archaeology Local ireland Logo. ireland. Search Local ireland About ireland. ireland, Archaeologyin other counties, Cavan. http://www.local.ie/history/archaeology/

09 April 2003 Maps What's New About us Contact ... Advertise Ireland Search Local Ireland About Ireland Ireland General Pre-medieval Archaeology in other counties Cavan Clare Cork Kerry Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Roscommon Sligo Tipperary Tyrone Visit the counties Shopping ecards Competitions ... Publish on our site Other counties Antrim Armagh Belfast Carlow Cavan Clare Cork Derry Donegal Down Dublin Fermanagh Galway Kerry Kildare Kilkenny Laois Leitrim Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Monaghan Northern Ireland Offaly Roscommon Sligo Tipperary Tyrone Waterford Westmeath Wexford Wicklow You are here: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Archaeology Ireland is a treasure trove for the archeology enthusiast, with finds dating back to pre-Christian times. Take a look at our general and pre-medieval areas. Loch Gur Stone Age Centre Take a look at the most important stone age site in Ireland Free membership Username Password Join up and WIN! Local Ireland home Membership Travel bookings ... Company info

67. Local Ireland: /History/Archaeology = Local ireland Recommended The archaeology of Ancient ireland Ahuge amount of information here, plus photographs where possible. http://www.local.ie/history/archaeology/general/

09 April 2003 Maps What's New About us Contact ... Advertise Ireland Search Local Ireland About Ireland Archaeology in other counties Cavan Clare Cork Kerry Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Roscommon Sligo Tipperary Tyrone Visit the counties Shopping ecards Competitions ... Publish on our site Other counties Antrim Armagh Belfast Carlow Cavan Clare Cork Derry Donegal Down Dublin Fermanagh Galway Kerry Kildare Kilkenny Laois Leitrim Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Monaghan Northern Ireland Offaly Roscommon Sligo Tipperary Tyrone Waterford Westmeath Wexford Wicklow You are here: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Archaeology = Local Ireland Recommended ] The Archaeology of Ancient Ireland A huge amount of information here, plus photographs where possible. Free membership Username Password Join up and WIN! Local Ireland home Membership Travel bookings ... Company info

68. Notre Dame Archaeology Of Ireland Page http://www.nd.edu/~ikuijt/Ireland/

69. BUBL LINK 936 Ancient History And Archaeology Of The British Location uk Heritage Council News, publications, and information on ireland'sarchaeology, waterways, architecture, museums, education, and wildlife. http://link.bubl.ac.uk/ISC12214

70. SEARC'S WEB GUIDE TO IRISH ARCHAEOLOGY Searc's Web Guide to archaeology in ireland. Searc's Web Guide to archaeology inireland. Submit a Site Recommended Books Can't find what you're looking for? http://www.searcs-web.com/arch.html

Searc's Web Guide to Archaeology in Ireland Email: info@searcs-web.com Tel: (+353) 1 4973404 Only the Best Sites in each Subject are listed here because it's the Quality of the Content that Counts! "... This page is worth adding to your list of favourites. There is something for everyone here." Doras No.1 Site for Irish Web Guide on The only Irish Internet Search Site listed in Nerdworld "A new, very useful index of best Web sites of Irish interest." The Irish Times "Something for everyone!" IOL Recommended by The Information Society Commission of Ireland Network for Underwater Archaeology, Ireland NUA (the Irish word for new) is a network of institutions actively involved in research on the underwater archaeology on the island of Ireland. Knowth The Boyne Valley Mounds at Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth were built around 3200BC making them older than Stonehenge in England and the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt. The Irish Stone-Axe Project This Site includes an off-line Bibliography of texts pertaining to the Neolithic period in Ireland. Stones of Ireland Irish megalith sites, including Newgrange and Poulnabrone. Descriptions, images and maps of dolmens, standing stones, stone circles and more.

71. Ancient Ireland - Prehistory, Archaeology, Paleogeography, Geology External Reference Irish archaeology on the Internet index of sites The archaeologyof Ancient ireland Megalithia an introduction to megalithic sites in the http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/neolithic.htm

PreHistory + PaleoGeography + Archaeology Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages A collection of findings from Archaeology, Geology and other scientific endeavor. The Neolithic The Neolithic, or New Stone Age, period has been cited from about 4000 to 2500 BC. The general pattern of carbon-14 dating determinations suggests that the Neolithic Period in Ireland began about 3000 bc (uncalibrated radiocarbon years). Neolithic migrant men and women were Ireland's first farmers who raised animals and cultivated the soil. A major production and use of Irish Stone Axes is noted during Neoloithic times. Stone axes are however known to have been in use from the earliest known phase of human settlement in the Early Mesolithic Period (c. 7000 BC). Over 20,000 axes have been found. The earliest Neolithic pottery found in Ulster (Lyles Hill pottery) is similar to pottery found in northern Britain, suggesting that some of the earliest Neolithic colonists may have come to Ireland from northern Britain. Court cairns and Passage cairns (passage tombs?) may be found dating from the Neolithic, perhaps beginning as early as 200 to 3500 BC. The Passage Cairn (grave?) of Carrowmere (near the mouth of the Boyne river) has been dated (by some) from about 4200 BC. The Passage cairn at

72. Ancient Ireland - Prehistory, Archaeology, Paleogeography, Geology ireland History in Maps PreHistory + PaleoGeography + archaeology Ancient irelandA collection of findings from archaeology, Geology and other scientific http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ancient.htm

PreHistory + PaleoGeography + Archaeology Ancient Ireland A collection of findings from Archaeology, Geology and other scientific endeavor. The following table is meant only as a general guide to some of the early Irish epochs The Old Stone Age (Palaeolithic): Long ago to 8500-7500 BC The Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic): 8500-7500 to 4000-3500 BC The New Stone Age (Neolithic): 4000-3500 to 2500-2000 BC The Early Bronze Age: 2500-2000 to 1300-1200 BC The Late Bronze Age: 1300-1200 to 700-500 BC The Dark Age: 700-500 BC to 200-150 BC The Iron Age: 200-150 BC to 450-500 AD The early Christian period: 450-500 AD to 800 AD The Viking Age: 800 to 1075 AD Medieval: 1075 to 1550 AD Please note that dates given here are estimates based on current opinion and evidence, and are subject to change. The convention used on this page is to indicate radiocarbon dates in lower case letters (bc), versus the use of upper case letters (BC) for alternate dating estimates. The Ice Ages Caught in the ebb and flow of the last Ice Ages over the last 2 million years, Ireland was at various times largely glaciated and completely land-locked as a part of the continent of Europe. Ireland was an island about 125,000 years ago when the sea level appears to have been very close to its present position. The sea level dropped 130 m (426 feet) or more during the interval from around 30,000 to 15,000 years ago, when Ireland became part of continental Europe [again], and sea levels have been generally rising ever since, albeit at a much slower rate. The image to the left represents the land mass of Europe near the time of the last glacial maximum (minus the ice sheets and the ocean water). Take a close look at the "British peninsula" and the outline of Ireland and Great Britain upon it.

73. Archaeology Bulletin Board . The Discovery Programme; Irish archaeology; IslandIreland Irish archaeology; Burren archaeology Research Expedition; http://www.travelsthrougheurope.com/ireland/archaeology.htm

Archaeology Back to Homepage Bulletin Board The Discovery Programme Irish Archaeology ... Dublin your way! Custom-design vacation from $360 Please click on one or more of the sponsors below, to help us stay on line ! Travels Through Europe P.O. Box 25043 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19147 Email : ireland@travelsthrougheurope.com [ireland/website2/footer.htm] bot="Include" endspan

74. Local Ireland: Local Roscommon: /History/Archaeology The Clay Pipe Visitor's Centre The Clay Pipe Visitor's Centre = Localireland Recommended Historical archaeology in ireland 1999, http://roscommon.local.ie/history/archaeology/

09 April 2003 Maps What's New About us Contact ... Advertise Roscommon Search Local Ireland About Ireland Archaeology in other counties Cavan Clare Cork Kerry Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Sligo Tipperary Tyrone Visit the counties Shopping ecards Competitions ... Publish on our site Towns and villages Ardcarn Arigna Athleague Ballaghaderreen Ballinlough Ballintubber Ballydooley Ballyfarnon Ballyforan Bellangare Boyle Brideswell Castlecoote Castleplunket Castlerea Castlestrange Cloonfad Cloontuskert Cootehall Cornafulla Croghan Curraghboy Dysart Elphin Four Mile House Four Roads Frenchpark Fuerty Hodson Bay Keadue Kilteevan Kiltoom Knockcroghery Knockvicar Lecarrow Loughglynn Mantua Mount Talbot Rathallen Rathcroghan Roosky Roscommon Town Scramoge Strokestown Taghmaconnell Tarmonbarry Tulsk Other counties Antrim Armagh Belfast Carlow Cavan Clare Cork Derry Donegal Down Dublin Fermanagh Galway Kerry Kildare Kilkenny Laois Leitrim Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Monaghan Northern Ireland Offaly Sligo Tipperary Tyrone Waterford Westmeath Wexford Wicklow You are here: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Archaeology The Clay Pipe Visitor's Centre The Clay Pipe Visitor's Centre = Local Ireland Recommended] Historical Archaeology in Ireland 1999 Free membership Username Password Join up and WIN!

75. HJG: Online Articles: The Internet Journal Of Archaeology In Ireland Journals Index The Internet Journal of archaeology in ireland Contact Search Periodicals Directory Journal Information Vol. 1 (2000) http://www.history-journals.de/articles/hjg-eartic-j00108.html

WWW-Virtual Library The History Journals Guide by Stefan Blaschke - Online Articles Index - The History Index Home Journals Index Lists Index Chronological Index ... New Entries Journals Index The Internet Journal of Archaeology in Ireland Contact Search Periodicals Directory : Journal Information Vol. 1 (2000) Chapple, Robert M., and Cormac McSparron. "New settlers on the electronic frontier: the experience of the IJAI." (Editorial) Internet Journal of Archaeology in Ireland Fulltext HTML Fewer, Thomas G. "The archaeology of the Great Famine: time for a beginning?" Internet Journal of Archaeology in Ireland Fulltext HTML Fry, Malcolm F., and Alan Martin. "Confronting the logboat: developments in the North of Ireland." Internet Journal of Archaeology in Ireland Fulltext HTML Wiggins, Kenneth. "The medieval town fortifications of Limerick." Internet Journal of Archaeology in Ireland Fulltext HTML Contact Search

76. HJG: The Internet Journal Of Archaeology In Ireland Devoted to the study...... Last updated 200208-07. Title The Internet Journal of Archaeologyin ireland. Abbreviation IJAI. http://www.history-journals.de/journals/hjg-i00143.html

WWW-Virtual Library The History Journals Guide by Stefan Blaschke - Periodicals Directory - The History Index Home Complete Index Electronical Index Chronological Index ... Announcements Journal Information Contact Search Last updated: 2002-08-07. Title: The I nternet Journal of Archaeology in Ireland Abbreviation: I JAI Description: Devoted to the study of all periods of Irish archaeology and related topics. Articles index Editor(s): Robert M. Chapple, Cormac McSparron Publishers: Start-End-Date: Frequency: Language(s): English ISSN: Keyword(s): Archaeology E-Journal Ireland Website(s): Homepage

77. Archaeology Of Mayo Abbey, Ancient Capital Of County Mayo,Ireland archaeology and archaeological sites of Mayo Abbey, ancient capital of County Mayoin the west of ireland. archaeology. Ancient Capital of County Mayo, ireland. http://www.museumsofmayo.com/mayoabbey2.htm

Mayo Abbey Archaeology Ancient Capital of County Mayo, Ireland Sites A survey carried out in 1996 identified 120 archaeological sites. 3 megalithic tombs Ring forts Fulachta Fiadh Souterrains Killians (childrens' burial grounds) Circular house sites Stone Cairns Ancient Field Systems The most outstanding monument in the survey is the monastic site at Mayo Abbey which encloses an area of 11.4 hectacres, with its ancient grave slabs, some dating back over 1000 years. Circle This is an early Christian symbol called Chi-rho (first two characters of 'Christ' in the Greek) representing the Resurrection. It is the Christian symbol X imposed on the earlier pagan symbol of the sun. The Mayo Cross This is a ninth century crosshead, 60cm (high) x 50cm (wide), with, on the front a raised relief of a Christ-like figure and two other figures; the back and sides have interlace drawing while on the top is the crouched figure of a lion. The crosshead is red-yellowish, described as free-armed Anglican type. Both sides of the 'Mayo Cross' dated 8th Century Mayo Abbey History Archaeology Bishop Patrick O'Healy Memorial Centre Mayo Abbey County Mayo Ireland Tel: +353 94 65735 Fax: +353 9488295 Email: mayoabbey@eircom.net

78. Archaeology Resources In Ireland - CIRS University of ireland, Galway Centre for Archaeological Survey (CAS) NationalUniversity of ireland, Galway - Department of archaeology National University http://www.cirs-tm.org/organisms/archaeology/Ireland2.htm

Ireland Societies Irish Association for Quaternary Studies Universities National University of Ireland, Galway - Centre for Archaeological Survey (CAS) National University of Ireland, Galway - Department of Archaeology National University of Ireland, Galway - Palaeoenvironmental Research Unit Queen's University of Belfast - School of Archaeology and Palaeoecology ... [home]

79. SOME LINKS RELATED TO IRISH ARCHAEOLOGY Department of archaeology, National University of ireland, Galway. Department ofMedieval History, University of Dublin, Trinity College. Discovery Programme. http://homepage.tinet.ie/~conormcdermott/

SOME LINKS RELATED TO IRISH ARCHAEOLOGY Links Updated March 2003 Association of Archaeological Illustrators and Surveyors. U.K based professional body with Irish membership. Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA) " The AEA promotes the advancement of the study of human interaction with the environment in the past through archaeology and related disciplines " " your interactive gateway to archaeological research " Department of Archaeology, University College Cork. Department of Archaeology, University College Dublin. Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway. also Palaeoenvironmental Research Unit, Department of Botany Department of Medieval History, University of Dublin, Trinity College. Discovery Programme " The Discovery Programme is an archaeological research institution dedicated to investigating Irelands past from earliest times and presenting the results to as wide an audience as possible "

80. Education World® - *Social Sciences : Anthropology : Archaeology : Regional : E Displaying 1 8. archaeology in ireland The Celtic High Cross researchconcerning gravestones in Clonmacnoise, County Offalay. http://db.education-world.com/perl/browse?cat_id=5755

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