21. Nat'l Academies Press, Toward Sustainability: (1991), 3. Research Priorities To conservation, enhancing soil biological processes, manag ing soil such as aluminumtoxicity, alkalinity, and soil and irrigation water salinity; · More http://www.nap.edu/books/0309046416/html/22.html

Toward Sustainability: Soil and Water Research Priorities for Developing Countries Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources ( CGER Related Books Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-vi Contents, pp. vii-x Summary, pp. 1-5 1. Introduction, pp. 6-12 2. A Framework For Assessing Resear..., pp. 13-21 3. Research Priorities to Support S..., pp. 22-42 4. Supporting An Integrated Researc..., pp. 43-52 5. Conclusions, pp. 53-57 References, pp. 58-60 Appendix A: Biographical Sketches o..., pp. 61-62 Appendix B: Acknowledgement of Work..., pp. 63-66 THIS PAGE You may want to explore these Related Books Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-vi Contents, pp. vii-x Summary, pp. 1-5 1. Introduction, pp. 6-12 2. A Framework For Assessing Resear..., pp. 13-21 3. Research Priorities to Support S..., pp. 22-42 4. Supporting An Integrated Researc..., pp. 43-52 5. Conclusions, pp. 53-57 References, pp. 58-60 Appendix A: Biographical Sketches o..., pp. 61-62 Appendix B: Acknowledgement of Work..., pp. 63-66 The Open Book page image presentation framework is not designed to replace printed books, nor emulate HTML. Rather, it is a free, browsable, nonproprietary, fully and deeply searchable version of the publication which we can inexpensively and quickly produce to make the material available worldwide. For most effective printing, use the "print" button available via the OpenBook tool block, above. The 300 x 150 dpi PDF linked to it is printable on your local printer.

22. Models Have Evolved Since The Turn Of The Century Subirrigation increased AET for all values of K (Parsons 1987). water TABLE managEMENTand soil NITROGEN LOSS. J. of Agric. water manag., 32 (1997)239-258. http://www3.bae.ncsu.edu/bae572/ricks/Modeling Paper.htm

INTRODUCTION Models have evolved since the turn of the century.  There are models for most any item or system that exists. Developments in mathematics have enabled the world of models to explode.  Now most everything can be modeled using some sort of mathematics.  Agriculture is field that must rely on predictions.  The Farmers Almanac is a source of information that allows one to predict upcoming events.  The data in the Almanac is used to model events, especially hydrologic events that can occur in the future.  The models that are created today are complex and involve numerous computations that only a computer can do.  These models are used in a wide variety of tasks.  Models have long been a vision to people, now they are a reality, and have been used to create systems that produce cost-efficient and effective answers to everyday problems. RESTRICTIONS ON MODELING As with life, models come with restraints.  These constraints must be weight to see the proper “give and take” ratio to ascertain a compatible model.  There are numerous restraints exist among modeling.  The obvious is the budget of the project.  The more money available, the precision of the model increases.  The use of complex mathematical relationships with multiple iterations leads to the need of vast amounts of computer time.  The trade off is the computer time and cost is marginal compared the salary of an individual that is capable to do these mathematical computations.  Educated personnel with extensive knowledge and understanding of the model are necessary to determine if the data created makes sense.  Finally a model is of no use if there is not real world data to simulate.  Simulation of this data checks the validity of the model and aids in its marketability (Johnson 1973).

23. LTHE-Page Michel VAUCLIN Translate this page Agr. water. manag., Vol. Infiltration from a surface point source and drip irrigation. 1 - The midpoint soil water pressure. water Resources Research, vol. http://www.lthe.hmg.inpg.fr/MichelVauclin.htm

Michel VAUCLIN Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement Directeur de recherche au CNRS. Directeur du LTHE. Hydrodynamique des milieux poreux CURSUS UNIVERSITAIRE : CARRIERE PROFESSIONNELLE : Professeur d'Hydraulique en Tunisie, Medjez el Bab, 1972-1973 Chercheur CNRS, depuis 1975 AFFILIATIONS : Membre : de l'American Geophysical Union de la Soil Science Society of America de l'Association Internationale de la Science du Sol de l'European Geophysical Society DISCTINCTIONS : ACTIVITES DE RECHERCHE : ANIMATION SCIENTIFIQUE ET ADMINISTRATIVE DE LA RECHERCHE (extraits) : Directeur du LTHE depuis le 1/01/1992 Directeur du CEREG/Strasbourg (01/01/97-31/12/98) Membre nommé à la Commission Scientifique Sectorielle IRD "Sciences Physiques et Chimiques de l'Environnement Planétaire" (depuis 1999) Membre de Comités Scientifiques de Programmes : INRA (Télédétection, 1987-90 ; AIP "Ruissellement et Erosion", 1989-90 ; AIP "Eau" 1992-95) ; INSU/CNRS (DT II "Erosion et Hydrogéologie", 1993-95) ; PNSE (depuis 1997) ; ACI "Cat. Nat." (depuis 2000) ; CNRS/PIR.EVS-Zones Ateliers (depuis 2000) ; MRT/IFR (depuis 2002)

24. Lafolie Translate this page Evaluating irrigation strategies for lettuce by simulation 2. Nitrogen budget. andfunctional models for estimating soil water balance deterministic manag. http://w3.toulouse.inra.fr/agro/lafolie.htm

PASTIS Contact : Lafolie (francois.lafolie@avignon.inra.fr) Co-concepteur : Bruno Mary (Laon) Transferts hydriques: Transferts de Chaleur : Cycle C/N : Culture : Sinon, comment doit-on obtenir ces valeurs ? Objectif Actuels : Futurs : Langage programmation Pas de temps de calcul Temps de calcul pour un passage FORTRAN Unix E - Bibliographie F. Lafolie. 1991. Modelling water flow, nitrogen transport, and root uptake including physical non-equilibrium and optimization of the root water potential. Fertilizer Research, 27, 215-232. D..Leenhardt, F. Lafolie, L. Bruckler, 1998. Evaluating irrigation strategies for lettuce by simulation : 1. Water flow simulations. European J. of Agronomy, 8:249-265. D. Leenhardt, F. Lafolie, L. Bruckler, 1998. Evaluating irrigation strategies for lettuce by simulation : 2. Nitrogen budget. European J. of Agronomy, 8:267-282. F. Maraux et F. Lafolie, 1998. Modeling soil water balance of a Maize-Sorghum sequence. Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 62:75-82. F. Maraux , F. Lafolie et L. Bruckler. 1998. Comparison between mechanistic and functional models for estimating soil water balance: deterministic and stochastic approaches. Agric. Wat. Manag. 38:1-20.

25. The Institute Of Subtropical Plants And Olive Tree Of Chania yield of greenhouse grown eggplant under drip irrigation. water use, growth, yieldand fruit quality of 'Bonanza' oranges under different soil water regimes http://www.nagref-cha.gr/endocs/irrigation.html

Home General Info Olive Citrus ... Plants Irrigation and Water Resources Hydroponics and Aromatic Plants Plant Physiology and Nutrition ... Personnel Irrigation and Water Resources Objectives Laboratory equipment The main goals in the Irrigation and Water Resources involve: Studies on water requirements for the main crops, olive trees, citrus, avocados, kiwi and greenhouse vegetables. Evaluation and improvement of the new irrigation methods (drip, microsprinklers, etc.). Study of the soil - plant - water relationships and the plant defense mechanisms to drought. Development of the methodology for the application of consultative irrigation in practice. Study on the use of low quality waters (saline water, reclaimed wastewaters) for irrigation. Study on the water resources management systems. Results Gas exchange measurements Determination of the water requirements of olives, citrus, avocado and greenhouse vegetables. Definition of the critical growth stages to satisfy the water requirements of the above mentioned crops. Evaluation of the new irrigation systems suitability and efficiency on water saving.

26. Wastewater Irrigation, WQIC Bibliographies salinewater irrigation-water irrigation water to represent surface-irrigation evapotranspiration- mathematical-models seepage- aquifers- water-table saline-water soil-salinity http://www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/Bibliographies/wastewater.html

Water Quality Information Center at the National Agricultural Library Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Wastewater Irrigation 104 citations from the Agricola Database 1997 - September 2001 Stuart Gagnon Water Quality Information Center This electronic bibliography is intended primarily to provide awareness of recent investigations and discussions of a topic and is not intended to be in-depth and exhaustive. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation should not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. Citations are arranged alphabetically by title and abstracts are included where available. All citations are in English unless otherwise noted. Send suggestions for electronic bibliographies related to water resources and agriculture to wqic@nal.usda.gov To locate a publication cited in this bibliography, please contact your local, state, or university library. If you are unable to locate a particular publication, your library can contact the National Agricultural Library (please see " Document Delivery Services " at http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/).

27. CURRICULUM VITAE Environmentally sustainable irrigation management for greenhouse vegetables in wateruse, growth, yield and fruit oranges under different soil water regimes. http://www.nagref-cha.gr/endocs/cv_kchartz_en.html

CURRICULUM VITAE of KOSTAS S. CHARTZOULAKIS, MSc, PhD Date of birth Kisamos, Crete, Greece, 27 March 1952 Citizenship: Greek Marital Status Married with two children Present Address : NAGREF, Olive Tree and Subtropical Plants Institute, Agrokipio, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece. Tel.: +30 28210 83442, Fax: +30 28210 93963 E-mail: kchartz@nagref-cha.gr Web site: http://www.nagref-cha.gr Studies MSc. in Agricultural Engineering and Hydraulics, Agricultural University of Athens Postgraduate Training in Irrigation and Soil Physics, University of Wageningen, Netherlands MSc Programme in Protected Crops, MAICH, CIHEAM, France. Awarded for the thesis ‘ Effects of saline irrigation water on germination, growth and yield of greenhouse cucumber PhD Programme, Dept of Horticulture, University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Awarded Doctor of Philosophy for the thesis ‘ Ecophysiological response of kiwifruit, cv Hayward, to water and salt stress in the stage of vegetative growth Present work Senior Researcher, Head of the Department of Irrigation and Water Resources the Institute for Olive Tree and Subtropical Plants (NAGREF Subject of work : - Water requirements of the crops (olives, citrus, avocado, grapes, vegetables)

28. D.S. Thakur - Experiments In Hill Agriculture - Irrigation Experiments in Hill Agriculture irrigation, soil and water Conservationand watershed Development for Rainfed Agriculture, by DS http://beaskund.helloyou.ws/kullu/agriculture/a1007m.html

Search Agriculture Horticulture Hill Agriculture Principal Crops ... 6 Hi-Tech Practices 7 Irrigation 8 Innovations 9 Marketing 10 Locations 11 Extensions ... Concluding Remarks Experiments in Hill Agriculture - Irrigation, Soil and Water Conservation and Watershed Development for Rainfed Agriculture by D.S. Thakur Professor of Agricultural Economics Regional Research Station, Bajaura Provision of irrigation, soil and water conservation and watershed development are necessary for sustainable agriculture. To save and conserve soil and water are to save life on earth. Therefore, to promote ecological and sustainable farming, provision of cheap water harvesting and storage tanks for irrigation, check dams, earthen cum stone field bounds and boundaries, conversion of outwardly slopping terraces or fields into inwards slopping fields, fuel-fodder grasses, tree plantations and afforestation for soil and water conservation on watershed basis have beeb taken up and continued on a large scale. Irrigation is the most important factor and input for the development of sustainable agriculture system, as it increases the efficiency of all other inputs too. Therefore, all sources of irrigation like rivers, streams, nullahas, springs, rainwater, etc. should be fully tapped, harvested and developed. Once irrigation becomes available, it is necessary to make changes in cropping patterns, cropping systems and cropping intensity by including more remunerative high value crops and the IIHFS. To increase the efficiency of irrigation, more efficient methods like sprinkler and drip irrigation must be used.

29. Proceedings Of The Seminar On Integrated Water Resources Manag Integrated water. Resources. Management Reduction of Demand for irrigation water. Policy interventions to reduce demand for water for irrigation should. include subsidized http://www.iadb.org/sds/doc/TTProceedingsE.pdf

30. Project 3.1 of groundwater use in supplemental irrigation evaluated and watershed management andnonconventional water resources. 2003 Training course on soil and water http://www.icarda.cgiar.org/Research/Research2/mtp/Project 3.1.Htm

31. JOURNAL ARTICLES NR and TW Sammis 1993 Selecting Trickle irrigation Filters using TL Jones 1996 Sensitivityof Simulated Field water Balance to Different soil Hydraulic Data http://weather.nmsu.edu/Teaching_Material/sammisres2.html

JOURNAL ARTICLES: 1. Ben-Asher, J., and T.W. Sammis. 1978. Radiation and energy balance of a trickle-irrigated lemon grove. Agro. Jour. Vol. 70, July and August 1978 2. Sammis, T.W. and Lloyd W. Gay. 1979. Evapotranspiration from an arid zone plant community. Jour. of Arid Environments 2:313-321. 3. Sammis, T.W. 1980. Comparison of sprinkler, trickle, subsurface, and furrow irrigation methods for row crops. Agronomy Jour. Vol. 72, No. 5. 4. Sammis, T.W. 1981. Lysimeter for measuring arid zone evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology, 49:385-394. 5. Sammis, T.W. 1981. Yield of alfalfa and cotton as influenced by irrigation. Agronomy Jour., 73(2):323-329. 6. Abdul-Jabbar, A.S., T.W. Sammis, D.G. Lugg. 1982. Effect of moisture level on the root pattern of alfalfa.Irrigation Science 3:197-207. 7. Sammis, T.W., D.D. Evans and A.W. Warrick. 1982. Comparison of methods to estimate deep percolation rates. American Water Resources Assoc. Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 3. 8. Sammis, T.W., E.J. Gregory, and C.E. Kallsen. 1982. Estimating evapotranspiration with water-production functions of the Blaney-Criddle method. Transactions of the ASAE 25(6): 1656-1661. 9. Abdul-Jabbar, A.S., T.W. Sammis, D.G. Lugg, C.E. Kallsen, and D. Smeal. 1983. Water use by alfalfa, corn and barley as influenced by available soil water. Agricultural Water Management, 6:351-363.

32. Mount Lofty Ranges Catchment Program Fire prevention officers. irrigation systems (see water). Local government. Pumps Pump Repairs (see water). Slashing mowing. soil and/or plant tissue testing. http://www.mlrcp.sa.gov.au/farmsupplies.htm

FARM SUPPLIES, CONTRACTORS, INFORMATION Welcome to the Mount Lofty Ranges Small Holdings Directory The Mount Lofty Ranges Small Holdings Directory, prepared by the Southern, Central and Northern Hills Soil Conservation Boards , helps landholders find the services they might need to manage their properties successfully and sustainably. Northern Hills Soil Conservation Board (e-mail) Central Hills Soil Conservation Board (e-mail) Southern Hills Soil Conservation Board (e-mail) Small Holdings Directory Contents Questions to consider before starting a job ANIMAL (not horse) FARM HOUSE Breeding Alternative Energy Concrete Contractor Dog obedience Farm butchering Health Gates Insurance Mud bricks Nutrition Recycling Welfare ( see also Veterinary) Rubbish removal Septic cleaning ASSOCIATIONS Sheds Ag Bureau Soil-testing (physical) Animal (not horse) Slow combustion stoves Environmental Stone masonry Horse Tank cleaning Horticulture Tanks Organic production SA Farmers Federation HORSE Agistment EARTH MOVING Breakers Dam building Dentists Earth movers Farriers Trenching Float hire Float repairs CONTRACTORS / SERVICES Riding lessons Advisers / Consultants Saddlery Cold storage INFORMATION Fencing Agencies (government) Fertiliser spreading Catchment water manag't boards Freight (livestock) Community resource centres Fire prevention officers Irrigation systems

33. B000212.htm Utset A.,Borroto MA modelingGIS approach for assessing irrigation effects on soilsalinisation under global warming conditions // Agr.water manag.-2001.-Vol.50 http://www.cnshb.ru/cnshb/NEWPOST/b000212.htm

34. Publications 1974. Nitrate and chloride movement in the Plainfield loamy sand under intensiveirrigation. J. Environ. soil Biol. and Biochem. Agri. water manag. 1253262. http://www.johngilmour.com/mainPubs.htm

Publications Text Books 2. Gilmour, J.T. 1998. Study Guide for the Soil Science Fundamentals Examination. Council of Soil Science Examiners. Soil Science Society of America. Madison. Book Chapters 1. Gilmour, J. T. and P. M. Gale. 1988. Chemistry of metals and trace elements in a submerged soil. P. 279-292. In D. D. Hook (Ed.) The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Vol. 1. Croom Helm Ltd. Publishers, England. 2. Gilmour, J.T. 1998. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization during co-utilization of biosolids and composts. 1997 Beltsville Symposium, Beltsville, MD. Journal Articles 1. Gilmour, J. T., and N. T. Coleman. 1971. s-Triazine adsorption studies: Ca-H-humic acid. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35:256-259. 2. Gilmour, J. T., and N. T. Coleman. 1971. Buffer curves and acid strength of humic acid and two resins. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35:710-714. 3. Gilmour, J. T. 1971. Inorganic complexes of divalent mercury in natural water systems. Environ. Letters 2:143-152.

35. IWMI Country Activities - Nepal technologies—such as ‘pedal pump’ irrigation systems that be evaluated arebetter organization of water use around Management of soil Erosion Consortium. http://www.cgiar.org/iwmi/nepal/nepal.htm

Since 1986, IWMI has been working in Nepal to promote optimal use of the country’s water resources through collaborative research and institutional development activities. IWMI provides research-based recommendations on water policy to the government of Nepal, technical support to state and national programs, and opportunities for training to local researchers and resource managers. In 1994, IWMI and the Kingdom of Nepal signed a memorandum of understanding formalizing IWMI’s role in helping the country productively manage it’s water resources. IWMI’s work in Nepal is guided by the IWMI Nepal Consultative Committee, which is composed of policy makers, implementers, and representatives from academic institutes and research agencies. Until 1995, IWMI’s Nepal office was managed by an internationally-recruited staff. Currently IWMI operates primarily in a nonresidential mode, with researchers from headquarters managing and providing input to projects. The Department of Irrigation has provided the Institute with office space, and nationally-recruited staff is stationed there. IWMI gratefully acknowledges the Ford Foundation, the Department for International Development and the Asian Development Bank for their support of the Institute’s work in Nepal.

36. Drought And Water Allocation (II) HD1741.D44R47-no.-50 Descriptors irrigation-water-Turkey-Gediz Modelling the soilmoisture deficits developed under grass Finch, JW J-Inst-water-Environ-manag http://www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/Bibliographies/drought2.html

Water Quality Information Center at the National Agricultural Library Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Drought and Water Allocation (II) 57 citations from the AGRICOLA Database 2000 - July 2002 Stephanie M. Boehmer Ivan Reyes Water Quality Information Center This electronic bibliography is intended primarily to provide awareness of recent investigations and discussions of a topic and is not intended to be in-depth and exhaustive. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation should not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. Citations are arranged alphabetically by title and abstracts are included where available. Send suggestions for electronic bibliographies related to water resources and agriculture to wqic@nal.usda.gov To locate a publication cited in this bibliography, please contact your local, state, or university library. If you are unable to locate a particular publication, your library can contact the National Agricultural Library (please see " Document Delivery Services " at http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/).

37. Pubblicazioni 1994 Effect of saline water on soil salinity and on water Conference on Land and waterresources management of different levels of seasonal irrigation water on two http://www.inea.it/isa/file/1994.htm

Per effettuare una ricerca in questo frame premi CTRL+F CASTELLI, F., BIONDANI, M. C., MARCHETTI, R., 1994. Indagine sulla presenza di tripidi nelle coltivazioni di tabacco Virginia Bright del Veronese. Inf. Fitopatologico, IX, 54-57. th International Conference ISTRO, "Soil Tillage for Crop Production and Protection of the Environment", Alborg (Denmark), 24-29 July, II, 997-1004. rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September, S3, 460-461. rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September, S3, 476-477. CEOTTO, E., DONATELLI, M., SPALLACCI, P., CASTELLI, F., 1994. CropSyst validation for soil content of water and nitrate at two locations of Northern Italy. Proceedings of the 3 rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September , S2, 334-335. CONVERTINI, G., FERRI, D., RIZZO, V., 1994. Nitrates dynamic in a vertisol profile cropped with different crop sequences and agrotechnical practices in Southern Italy. Proceedings of the 3 rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September, 674-675. th International Conference ISTRO "Soil Tillage for Crop Production and Protection of the Environment". Alborg (Denmark), 24-29 July, II, 983-990.

38. Forest Soils Program Leslie Nelson Investigating the effects of municipal wastewater effluent irrigation,and frozen snowfluent techniques, on forest water Air soil Pollut. http://www.umaine.edu/pse/FS/ivan.htm

Ivan J. Fernandez, Professor and Chair 1 Deering Hall Phone: (207) 581-2932 FAX (207) 581-2999 email: ivanjf@maine.edu B.A. Hartwick College (1975) M.S. University of Maine (1978) Ph.D. University of Maine (1981) Cheryl Spencer, Scientific Tech. II 2 Deering Hall Phone: (207) 581-2929 FAX (207) 581-2999 email: rpt372@maine.edu Karen Small, Research Assistant 3 Deering Hall Phone: (207) 581-2915 FAX (207) 581-2999 email: karen.small@umit.maine.edu Sultana Shah, Graduate Student 112A Deering Hall Phone: (207) 581-2994 email: sultana_shah@umit.maine.edu Johanna Szillery, Graduate Student 112A Deering Hall Phone: (207) 581-2994 Leslie Nelson, Graduate Student email: lnelson@maine.edu James Boyer, Graduate Student email: JimBoyer@mindspring.com PSE 140 Soil Science Considers the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, as well as the origin., management and interrelationships of soils to plant growth. (Satisfies the General Education Lab in the Basic or Applied Sciences Requirement.) Prerequisite: BMB 207 or CHY 121. Rec 3. Cr 3. PSE 141 Soil Science Lab A series of practical laboratory exercises providing hands-on experience with soil measurements and information use. (Satisfies the General Education Lab and the Basic or Applied Sciences Requirement.) Prerequisite: BMB 207 or CHY 121. Cr 1.

39. Salt Tolerance In Relation To Ploidy Level In Guayule irrigation Science 9213226. 1991. water and nutrient requirements of guayuleunder irrigated and dryland production, p. 145-172. soil Sci. 58399-403. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-349.html

Index Search Home Table of Contents Estilai, A. and M.C. Shannon. 1993. Salt tolerance in relation to ploidy level in guayule. p. 349-351. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York. Salt Tolerance in Relation to Ploidy Level in Guayule Ali Estilai and Michael C. Shannon METHODOLOGY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FUTURE PROSPECTS REFERENCES ... Table 1 Guayule ( Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a promising alternative to rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg.) for production of natural rubber in semiarid regions of the world. For the United States, which is totally dependent on foreign sources of natural rubber, developing guayule as a commercial crop should be a high priority. A domestic source of natural rubber is vital to our national defense and helps balance the budget by reducing the one billion dollars spent annually for the imports of Hevea rubber from southeast Asia. Salt-tolerant guayule cultivars are needed for economic production of rubber on marginal lands and in areas with low quality saline water. The available guayule germplasm which is being used to develop new guayule cultivars are 2 n = 36, 54, or 72 (Bergner 1944, 1946; Stebbins and Kodani 1944). Plants with 2

40. Mesoscale Integrated Modelling Of Hydrology And Water Quality With GIS Interface irrigation code. was indicated above, the subbasin map must be further combined withthe land use and soil maps in Basin scale water quality modelling using GIS http://helios.unive.it/~intas/val.html

Data requirements for the application of SWIM model Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, 14412 Potsdam, Germany 1. General description of the model The new watershed model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model is a continuous-time spatially distributed simulation model for mesoscale watersheds. The model is under develpment in the framework of the RAGTIME ( R egional A ssessment of G lobal Change Impacts t hrough I ntegrated M odelling in the E The model runs under the UNIX environment. A comprehensive three-level scheme of watershed disaggregation into subbasins and hydrotops (a hydrotop is a set of disconnected units in the subbasin, which have a unique land use and soil type) combined with reasonable restrictions on subbasin size should allow the applicability of the model to be extended to larger basins. The time step for the model application is daily. The SWAT/GRASS interface (Srinivasan, Arnold, 1993) is adopted for SWIM to extract spatially distributed parameters of elevation, land use, soil types, and groundwater table. SWIM integrates weather, hydrology, erosion, crop growth, and nutrients (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) at the watershed scale. The following hydrological processes are included:

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